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Biomedical subjects

B Sandstad

Publications and source records attributed to B Sandstad.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Ovarian cancer stage IIIC. Consequences of treatment level on overall and progression-free survival.

BACKGROUND: Maximum cytoreduction at primary surgery has been found to be one of the strongest prognostic factors for survival of ovarian cancer. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of hospital level (primary vs secondary care centre), number and timing of surgery and chemotherapy on how radical the surgery was at primary treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer Stage IIIC. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study based on record information from all patients with epithelial ovarian cancer Stage IIIC treated at the Norwegian Radium Hospital (NRH) 1985-2000, in total 776, subdivided into four groups: 1) Local primary surgery, no direct re-operation at NRH, no interval debulking; 2) local primary surgery, no direct re-operation, but interval debulking after 3-4 courses of chemotherapy at NRH; 3) local primary surgery, direct re-operation at NRH, no interval debulking; 4) primary surgery at NRH. Lymph node biopsies at re-operation in early stages and upgrading of stage where necessary were registered. RESULTS: Whether surgery was radical or not was an independent prognostic factor for overall and progression-free survival. The treatment group was an independent prognostic factor for overall, but not for progression-free survival. Group 3 had significantly the best overall and progression-free survival (p = 0.01 and 0.05). For macroscopically radical surgery both overall and progression-free survival were found significantly better for groups 3, 4 and 1 than for group 2. Most lymph node biopsies were performed during the last period and 28% were upgraded from Stage I and II to IIIC. More patients were referred for primary surgery at NRH during the last 5-year period during which overall survival and time to progression were significantly better. INTERPRETATION: Whether primary surgery is radical or not is a significant prognostic factor for survival and primary surgery is best performed by specialists in gynaecological oncology.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

DNA- versus RNA-based methods for human papillomavirus detection in cervical neoplasia.

OBJECTIVE: To compare DNA-based and mRNA-based methods for detection of high-grade cervical neoplasia in Norway. METHODS: HPV prevalence was analyzed in 383 women with positive index cytology, selected from gynecology clinics. All patients were investigated by a new PAP smear, histology, and two commercially available HPV tests: Hybrid Capture II (Digene, Gaithersburg, MD) and the Pre Tect HPV-Proofer (NorChip AS). Cases with positive DNA test and negative mRNA test and cases with high-grade histology and negative HPV tests were retested with PCR and sequencing. We regarded the infection as latent or transient if sequencing revealed an HPV type included in both assays. RESULTS: High-risk HPV was detected in 99.7% of the histological confirmed high-grade lesions (CIN2+) (290/291). The DNA test was positive in 95% (275/291), and the mRNA test was positive in 77% (225/291) of the histological confirmed high-grade lesions. All invasive carcinomas were mRNA positive. The DNA test was significantly more often positive in benign and low-grade lesions, some of which were found to be false positive due to cross-contamination with unrelated types. High-grade histology was detected in 83% of women with normal cytology and positive mRNA test. Latent or transient infections were detected in 11 low-grade and 12 high-grade preinvasive lesions. Sequencing revealed high-risk HPV types included only in the DNA test in 35 high-grade preinvasive lesions, HPV 52 and 58 were the most prevalent HPV types. CONCLUSIONS: These HPV tests have the potential to improve the detection rate of high-grade cervical neoplasia, with some limitations. The mRNA test seems to be more appropriate for risk-evaluation. Larger scale, population based studies are necessary to evaluate the predictive values of HPV testing in Norway.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Twenty years experience with semen cryopreservation in testicular cancer patients: who needs it?

PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of semen cryopreservation (SCP) in the fertility saving management of testicular cancer (TC) patients, treated at the Norwegian Radium Hospital between 1983 and 2002. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 422 of 1388 newly diagnosed TC patients had SCP All patients were followed up for post-treatment paternity. RESULTS: During the 20 years study period, by 2002 an increasing percentage of patients had pre-treatment SCP, reaching 43% after 1994. Twenty-nine (7%) of the 422 patients with SCP had used their frozen semen for assisted reproductive techniques (ART) at least once to achieve fatherhood. Pregnancies were achieved in 16 of these patients' partners, but two of these pregnancies ended in abortions. 67(17%) of 393 men with SCP fathered at least one child without use of frozen semen. The comparable figures for those without SCP were 205 out of 966(21%). Twenty years after orchiectomy the cumulative incidence of first post-treatment fatherhood was 47% for the 393 patients who had SCP but did not use it for ART, and 34% for the 966 patients without SCP (p=0.12). CONCLUSION: If offered, about 50% of the young and middle-aged patients newly diagnosed with TC are interested in pre-treatment SCP. Though our study reveals that a considerable number of TC patients referred to SCP, achieve fatherhood without the use of frozen semen, the psychological impact of pre-treatment cryopreservation is undeniable. Furthermore, for some TC survivors ART with cryopreserved sperm offers the only chance of post-treatment paternity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Iron status among 3005 women aged 20-55 years in Central Norway: the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (the HUNT study).

OBJECTIVE: To describe the iron status of Norwegian women of fertile age, to show the prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia and iron overload, and to demonstrate possible factors connected to and/or influencing iron status. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The diagnostic criteria were: (a) anemia: hemoglobin (Hb) < 120, < 117, or < 115 g/l; (b) depleted iron stores: serum ferritin (SF) < 10 or 12 microg/l; iron-deficiency anemia: (a)+(b). Iron overload: SF > or = 110 microg/l. The study was conducted in Central Norway where a total of 3005 women aged 20 to 55 years were enrolled in a health survey program (the HUNT Study). None of the women were pregnant and none had been blood donors in the two previous years. RESULTS: Median SF was 31.0 microg/l. Depleted iron stores were present in 10.9 and 15.1%, respectively. The Hb 2.5%tile among the iron-replete women was 117 g/l. With this cut-off value, anemia was present in 4.7% and iron-deficiency anemia in about 3%. Iron overload was present among 5.2%, and homozygous primary hemochromatosis among 0.4%. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia was relatively low and similar to that found earlier in small groups of Norwegian women. The prevalence is comparable with results from other developed countries.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Iron status in a group of Norwegian children aged 6-24 months.

UNLABELLED: An adequate iron status is of vital importance for health and development in infancy and early childhood. Iron status was evaluated in a group of full-term Norwegian children followed longitudinally, at the ages of 6 mo (n = 278), 12 mo (n = 249) and 24 mo (n = 231) by measuring haemoglobin (Hb), mean cell volume (MCV) and serum ferritin. At 6, 12 and 24 mo of age, 3, 10 and 12%, respectively, had iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) defined as Hb <110 g/l in combination with ferritin <15 microg/l. With more restrictive criteria for defining IDA (Hb <110 g/l or <105 g/l in combination with ferritin <12 microg/l), the prevalence decreased to 1-2% at 6 mo and 2-5% at 12 and 24 mo of age. If children with a history of fever in the previous month were excluded, the proportion of children with depleted iron stores (ferritin <10 microg/l) increased from 2 to 3% at 6 mo, from 5 to 7% at 12 mo and from 9 to 13% at 24 mo. CONCLUSION: Mild iron deficiency anaemia exists among otherwise healthy Norwegian infants and toddlers. The prevention and early treatment of iron deficiency should be a priority for the child health services.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2000

Dietary habits among patients with atopic dermatitis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the dietary habits among adult patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis and relate intake to clinical symptoms. DESIGN: Data were obtained from a clinical trial. SETTING: Five departments of dermatology at Norwegian University hospitals. SUBJECTS: Outpatients, 46 men (median age 27 y) and 92 women (median age 28 y). METHOD: A quantitative food frequency questionnaire was filled in before attending the clinical trial. The results were compared to the diet of age- and sex-matched reference groups. RESULTS: Male patients had higher content of refined sugar in their diet than reference men (P=0.014). Among female patients, the intake of saturated fatty acids was higher (P=0.049), whereas the intake of very long-chain n-3 fatty acids was lower (eicosapentaenoic acid, P=0.032, docosahexaenoic acid, P=0.017) than in the reference group. In both genders, more patients than reference subjects had vitamin D intake below recommended level. Furthermore, the female patients had significantly lower intake of fruit compared to the reference group (P=0.002). No correlation was found between nutrient intake of the patients and their clinical scores. CONCLUSIONS: The patients's diet were fairly similar to the diet of reference groups. The intake of vitamin D and very long-chain n-3 fatty acids was low, especially among female patients. Furthermore, we could not detect any association between dietary habits and clinical status. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2000) 54, 93-97

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Plasma homocysteine concentration related to diet, endothelial function and mononuclear cell gene expression among male hyperlipidaemic smokers.

BACKGROUND: Elevated plasma concentration of homocysteine is an independent risk factor for development of cardiovascular diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated potential links between homocysteine and atherothrombogenesis by relating the plasma concentration of homocysteine to (i) dietary antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids (and determined influence of intervention with antioxidants or omega-3 fatty acids); (ii) markers of endothelial cell function; and (iii) peripheral blood mononuclear cell mRNA levels. RESULTS: We observed an inverse relationship between the plasma homocysteine concentration and dietary intake of vegetables, vitamin C and beta-carotene and between homocysteine and the serum concentration of folate, vitamin B12 and omega-3 fatty acids. Intervention with antioxidants or omega-3 fatty acids did not affect plasma homocysteine concentration. The plasma levels of cysteinylglycine and vitamin B12 correlated positively with circulating E-selectin and VCAM-1, respectively, whereas folate in serum and blood correlated negatively with P-selectin. A negative correlation was found between the concentrations of homocysteine and von Willebrand factor. Negative and positive correlations were found between plasma homocysteine and the mononuclear cell mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta (PPAR delta) and c-myc respectively. A negative correlation was also found between plasma homocysteine and mononuclear cell mRNA levels of the proteoglycan serglycin. Homocysteine was not correlated with serum activity of glutathione peroxidase or with the mRNA level of glutathione peroxidase in mononuclear cells. CONCLUSION: The plasma homocysteine level was negatively correlated with dietary intake of vegetables, including vitamins C and E, and serum omega-3 fatty acids, whereas supplementation with antioxidants or omega-3 fatty acids did not affect plasma homocysteine concentration. Homocysteine was not associated with circulating adhesion molecules or increased procoagulant activity, but homocysteine may alter mononuclear cell gene expression. Cysteine showed no significant correlation with these parameters.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Peroxidation of LDL from combined-hyperlipidemic male smokers supplied with omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants.

The effects of marine omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (FAs) and antioxidants on the oxidative modification of LDL were studied in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Male smokers (n = 41) with combined hyperlipidemia were allocated to one of four groups receiving supplementation with omega-3 FAs (5 g eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid per day), antioxidants (75 mg vitamin E, 150 mg vitamin C, 15 mg beta-carotene, and 30 mg coenzyme Q10 per day), both omega-3 FAs and antioxidants, or control oils. LDL and human mononuclear cells were isolated from the patients at baseline and after 6 weeks of supplementation. LDL was subjected to cell-mediated oxidation by the patients' own mononuclear cells, as well as to Cu(2+)-catalyzed and 2,2'-azobis-(2-amidinopropane hydrochloride) (AAPH)-initiated oxidation. Extent of LDL modification was measured as lag time, the formation rate of conjugated dienes (CDs), the maximum amount of CDs formed, formation of lipid peroxides, and the relative electrophoretic mobility of LDL on agarose gels. Dietary supplementation with omega-3 FAs increased the concentration of total omega-3 FAs in LDL and reduced the concentration of vitamin E in serum. The omega-3 FA-enriched LDL particles were not more susceptible to Cu(2+)-catalyzed, AAPH-initiated, or autologous cell-mediated oxidation than control LDL. In fact, enrichment with omega-3 FAs significantly reduced the formation rate of CDs when LDL was subjected to AAPH-induced oxidation. Supplementation with moderate amounts of antioxidants significantly increased the concentration of vitamin E in serum and increased the resistance of LDL to undergo Cu(2+)-catalyzed oxidation, measured as increased lag time, reduced formation of lipid peroxides, and reduced relative electrophoretic mobility compared with control LDL. Supplementation with omega-3 FAs/antioxidants showed oxidizability of LDL similar to that of control LDL and omega-3 FA-enriched LDL. In conclusion, omega-3 FAs neither rendered the LDL particles more susceptible to undergo in vitro oxidation nor influenced mononuclear cells' ability to oxidize autologous LDL, whereas moderate amounts of antioxidants protected LDL against oxidative modification.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1996

Effects of partially hydrogenated fish oil, partially hydrogenated soybean oil, and butter on hemostatic variables in men.

We have compared the effects of partially hydrogenated fish oil (PHFO diet), partially hydrogenated soybean oil (PHSO diet), and butterfat (butter diet) on fibrinolytic and coagulation variables in 31 young men. The three test margarines, which contributed 78% of total fat in the diets, contained 70% butterfat, PHSO, or PHFO, each with 30% of soybean oil. Fat provided approximately 35% of energy, and the content of trans-fatty acids was 0.9%, 8.5%, and 8.0% of energy in the butter diet, PHSO diet, and PHFO diet, respectively. All diets contained 420 mg cholesterol per 10 megajoules per day. All subjects consumed all three test diets for 3 weeks, in a random order (crossover design). The PHSO diet resulted in higher levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 antigen and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 activity than the two other test diets. Fibrinogen increased on the butter diet compared with the PHFO diet. No significant differences in the levels of factor VII, fibrinopeptide A, D-dimer, tissue plasminogen activator or beta-thromboglobulin were observed between the three test diets. The PHFO and the PHSO diets have previously been shown to result in higher levels of Lp(a) compared with the butter diet. The present findings indicate that PHSO has unfavorable antifibrinolytic effects relative to PHFO and butter and that butter may be procoagulant relative to PHFO. More controlled studies are needed to assess definitely the impact of different hydrogenated fats on risk of coronary heart disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Do pregnant smokers eat differently from pregnant non-smokers?

This article describes a study of the relationship between diet and smoking in a group of 821 Norwegian pregnant women. The study is part of a multi-centre project, examining risk factors for intrauterine growth retardation. Two 3-day dietary records were collected during the 17th and 33rd week of pregnancy. Information on smoking habits and other relevant parameters were collected through an extensive questionnaire. The results showed that the smokers consumed significantly less than the non-smokers of bread, cakes and cookies, vegetables, fruits and berries, cheese, yoghurt, low fat milk, juice and tea. The smokers also consumed significantly more meat, margarine, whole milk, soft drinks and coffee than the non-smokers on both occasions. The diet of the smokers contained significantly less protein, carbohydrate, dietary fibre, thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin C, calcium and iron as compared with the non-smokers. Fat contributed significantly more to the energy content of the diet of the smokers and it is concluded that their diet was less nutritious than that of the non-smokers throughout pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Evaluation of a quantitative food frequency questionnaire used in a group of Norwegian adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: The study was conducted to assess the reproducibility and validity of a 190-item self-administered quantitative food frequency questionnaire, used in a nation-wide study of adolescents. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: Reproducibility study; 103 11th grade students (18 years) completed the questionnaire twice, with a 6-week interval. Validation study; 49 11th grade students filled in the questionnaire and kept 7-day weighed food records. RESULTS: Spearman rank correlations between the nutrient intakes from the two questionnaires varied from 0.63 (sugar energy percentage) to 0.91 (alcohol). The median coefficient was 0.85. The first questionnaire produced generally higher nutrient intake estimates than the second. Correlations between nutrient intake values from the records and the questionnaire ranged from 0.14 (vitamin D, non-significant, cod liver oil not included) to 0.66 (monounsaturated fatty acids). The median coefficient was 0.52. Adjustment for energy intake did not materially affect the correlations. On average 41% of the subjects were classified in the same quartile in the questionnaire and the records, and 2% in the opposite quartiles. However, the percentage of subjects in the same/opposite quartiles for vitamin D and fibre were 33/12 and 22/6, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that the questionnaire is able to rank subjects according to the tested nutrients, except vitamin D and fibre.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Dietary intake among Norwegian adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the nationwide study on dietary behaviour of adolescents was to describe and evaluate dietary habits, and relate that to other lifestyle factors. DESIGN AND SUBJECT: 1564 students in secondary schools completed a self-administered quantitative food frequency questionnaire in a school setting. RESULTS: The questionnaire showed an average energy intake of 15.8 and 9.9 MJ among boys and girls, respectively. Nearly 31% of the energy was supplied by fat and 11.4% by sugar. The average daily intake of micronutrients exceeded the Norwegian recommendations, except for vitamin D and iron in girls. 13.4% of the students had breakfast twice a week or less. These students had a higher percentage of energy from fat and sugar, and a lower intake of micronutrients, than students eating breakfast more often. Students who were daily smokers or fairly inactive had higher energy percentage from fat and sugar and lower intake of fibre, than non-smokers or physically active students. CONCLUSION: Half of the students consumed a diet with too much fat and two-thirds consumed too much sugar as compared to the recommendations. The girls had a diet with a higher nutrient density and a lower fat energy percentage than the boys. Finally, it seemed as if a healthy lifestyle was associated with a healthy diet.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Effects of partially hydrogenated fish oil, partially hydrogenated soybean oil, and butter on serum lipoproteins and Lp[a] in men.

We have compared the effects of partially hydrogenated fish oil (PHFO-diet), partially hydrogenated soybean oil (PHSO-diet), and butterfat (butter-diet) on serum lipids and lipoprotein[a] in 31 young men. The three test margarines, which contributed 78% of total fat in the diets, were produced from 70% of butterfat, PHSO, or PHFO, each with 30% of soybean oil. Fat provided about 35% of energy, and trans fatty acids 0.9%, 8.5%, and 8.0% of energy in the butter-, the PHSO-, and the PHFO-diet, respectively. Dietary cholesterol was balanced by the addition of dried egg powder to the PHSO- and the butter-diet; thus all diets contained 420 mg dietary cholesterol per 10 MJ per day. The subjects consumed all three test diets for 19-21 days in a random order (crossover design). The serum levels of total and LDL-cholesterol were significantly elevated on the PHFO-diet (mean values 5.42 and 3.94 mmol/L, respectively) compared to the PHSO-diet (5.11 and 3.58 mmol/L, respectively) but not different from those on the butter-diet (5.32 and 3.81 mmol/L, respectively). LDL-cholesterol was significantly reduced on the PHSO-diet compared to the butter-diet. The level of HDL-cholesterol was significantly lower on the PHFO-diet (0.98 mmol/L) when compared to the butter-diet (1.05 mmol/L) and with border-line significance compared to the PHSO-diet (1.05 mmol/L). The ratio of LDL- to HDL-cholesterol was significantly higher on the PHFO-diet (4.20) when compared to both other test diets (3.85 and 3.65, respectively). No significant differences in triglyceride values were observed. Lp[a] increased and apoA-I decreased significantly after consumption of both the PHSO-diet and the PHFO-diet, compared to the butter-diet. In conclusion, our results indicate that consumption of PHFO may unfavorably affect lipid risk indicators for coronary heart disease at least to the same extent as butterfat. To what extent the observed effects are due to the content of monoene trans, diene trans, or to the long chain saturated fatty acids in PHFO remains to be elucidated.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Dietary supplementation with very long-chain n-3 fatty acids in man decreases expression of the interleukin-2 receptor (CD25) on mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes from patients with inflammatory skin diseases.

T-cell activation and cytokine production play an important role in several chronic inflammatory diseases. Because n-3 fatty acids exert beneficial effects on the clinical state of some of these diseases, we examined the effect of dietary supplementation of n-3 fatty acids on T-cell proliferation, expression of CD25 (interleukin-2 receptor alpha-chain), secretion of interleukin-2, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor from T-cells from patients with psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. During 4 months, 21 patients supplied 6 g of highly concentrated ethyl esters of EPA and DHA in gelatin capsules daily to their diet. In the control group 20 patients supplied 6 g per day of corn oil in gelatin capsules to their diet. Eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5, n-3) of serum phospholipids increased from 14 (min 4-max 42) to 81 (min 59-max 144) mg l-1 (P < 0.01) in patients with atopic dermatitis receiving n-3 fatty acids, and from 25 (min 7-max 66) to 74 (min 46-max 142) mg l-1 (P < 0.01) in patients with psoriasis, whereas docosahexaenoic acid (22:6, n-3) increased from 65 (min 46-max 120) to 92 (min 54-max 121) mg l-1 (P < 0.05) and from 81 (min 38-max 122) to 92 (min 63-max 169) mg l-1 (NS) in atopic and psoriatic patients, respectively. The changes in the serum phospholipid fatty acid profile in the groups receiving n-3 fatty acids, correlate to the dietary intake of corresponding fatty acids.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cell Division↗
PubMed1992

Accuracy of a quantitative food frequency questionnaire applied in elderly Norwegian women.

The accuracy (reproducibility and relative validity) of a self-administered quantitative food frequency questionnaire including 180 food items was evaluated. A total of 38 elderly women kept multiple weighed diet records for a total of 14 days over a 6-week period and filled in the questionnaire both before and after this period. Spearman rank correlations between the nutrient intakes from the two questionnaires varied from 0.43 for carbohydrate to 0.88 for energy percentage from alcohol. The median correlation was 0.70. Seven women whose recorded average energy intake was less than 1.17 times their measured basal metabolic rate were excluded from the analysis comparing the questionnaire and the diet records. The first questionnaire gave on the average 10% higher nutrient median values than the records, while the second questionnaire did not in general produce higher values. Unadjusted correlation coefficients comparing intakes measured by the two methods ranged from 0.31 for vitamin C to 0.79 for energy percentage from carbohydrate, the median coefficient being 0.61. On the average 77% of the subjects were classified in the same (+/- 1) quintile in the first food frequency questionnaire and the diet records. The present study indicates that the self-administered quantitative food frequency questionnaire is useful for measuring individual or group intakes for a variety of nutrients.

Aged↗