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Biomedical subjects

B Sandström

Publications and source records attributed to B Sandström.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

[Attitude of general practitioners to the importance of gender and diet in disease prevention].

Three hundred and seventy-four general practitioners (GPs) in Denmark filled in a questionnaire on attitudes to include information on gender and diet in the strategy for prevention of coronary heart disease, cancer, osteoporosis, and overweight/underweight. Risk factors for disease in general were ranked as follows: smoking, alcohol, stress, diet, physical exercise, heredity and hygiene. The patients' lack of motivation, insufficient time for each patient, and inadequate knowledge about nutrition were stated as barriers to dietary counselling. The GPs stated that the gender of the patient was important only to the counselling on osteoporosis. Lack of time and insufficient knowledge were perceived as barriers for including gender specific issues in prevention. It is concluded that GPs consider dietary counselling important but lack time and knowledge. The results point at a need for better pre- and postgraduate training in nutrition, and for a better reimbursement system for time spent on prevention.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1999

[Prevention in general practice. Are female and male patients treated the same way? A questionnaire study].

Three hundred and seventy-four general practitioners (GPs) in Denmark filled in a questionnaire on practices regarding prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD), cancer, osteoporosis, and overweight/underweight. Half of the GPs were questioned about the issue of prevention based upon female case stories and the other half on male case stories with identical wording. The GPs more often in relation to: Prevention of CHD gave dietary counselling and recommended weight loss to slightly overweight male than female patients. Prevention of cancers gave dietary counselling and recommended weight loss and increase of exercise to female than to male patients. Prevention of osteoporosis recommended a supplement of calcium and vitamin D to female than to male patients. Treatment of underweight recommended weight gain and discussion of psycho-social issues to underweight female than male patients. In conclusion, GPs distinguish between men and women in relation to prevention strategies in general practice. There is a need for well-described prevention and action strategies with relevant gender differentiation for use in general practice.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Arthroscopic lavage reduced the recurrence rate following primary anterior shoulder dislocation. A randomised multicentre study with 1-year follow-up.

Young individuals have a high recurrence rate following non-operative treatment of traumatic primary anterior shoulder dislocation. The present multicentre study was undertaken to find out whether the results could be improved by using arthroscopic lavage as treatment. Sixty patients aged 16-30 years, with traumatic primary anterior shoulder dislocation were randomised into two groups. One group was treated with arthroscopic lavage within 10 days, while the other group was treated non-operatively. Rehabilitation was otherwise identical. At 1-year follow-up, 4 of 30 patients (13%) in the lavage group had had redislocation compared with 13 of 30 (43%) in the group treated non-operatively (P = 0.01). The difference in recurrence rate was more pronounced in younger patients. The functional outcome according to the Rowe shoulder score was better in the lavage group (P = 0.003), as was the anterior stability according to the apprehension test (P = 0.008). We conclude that arthroscopic lavage reduced the recurrence rate and produced a better functional outcome at 1-year follow-up than the non-operative treatment in young individuals.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1999

Effect of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) intake on urinary apigenin excretion, blood antioxidant enzymes and biomarkers for oxidative stress in human subjects.

Seven men and seven women participated in a randomized crossover trial to study the effect of intake of parsley (Petroselinum crispum), containing high levels of the flavone apigenin, on the urinary excretion of flavones and on biomarkers for oxidative stress. The subjects received a strictly controlled diet low in flavones and other naturally occurring antioxidants during the 2 weeks of intervention. This basic diet was supplemented with parsley providing 3.73-4.49 mg apigenin/MJ in one of the intervention weeks. Urinary excretion of apigenin was 1.59-409.09 micrograms/MJ per 24 h during intervention with parsley and 0-112.27 micrograms/MJ per 24 h on the basic diet (P < 0.05). The fraction of apigenin intake excreted in the urine was 0.58 (SE 0.16)% during parsley intervention. Erythrocyte glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.1; GR) and superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1; SOD) activities increased during intervention with parsley (P < 0.005) as compared with the levels on the basic diet, whereas erythrocyte catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) and glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9) activities did not change. No significant changes were observed in plasma protein 2-adipic semialdehyde residues, a biomarker of plasma protein oxidation. In this short-term investigation, an overall decreasing trend in the activity of antioxidant enzymes was observed during the 2-week study. The decreased activity of SOD was strongly correlated at the individual level with an increased oxidative damage to plasma proteins. However, the intervention with parsley seemed, partly, to overcome this decrease and resulted in increased levels of GR and SOD.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Effects of butter oil blends with increased concentrations of stearic, oleic and linolenic acid on blood lipids in young adults.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this present project was to evaluate a more satisfactory effect on plasma lipoprotein profile of spreads based on dairy fat. DESIGN: This study was designed as a randomised cross-over experiment with a three-week treatment separated by a three-week wash-out period. Sixty five grams of the fat content of the habitual diets was replaced by either butter/grapeseed oil (90:10) (BG); butter oil and low erucic rapeseed oil (65:35) (BR) or butter blended in a 1:1 ratio with a interesterified mixture of rapeseed oil and fully hydrogenated rapeseed oil (70: 30) (BS). SUBJECTS: Thirteen healthy free-living young men (age 21-26 y) fulfilled the study. INTERVENTIONS: At the beginning and end of each diet period two venous blood samples were collected. Triacylglycerol and cholesterol concentrations in total plasma and VLDL, LDL, IDL and HDL fractions were measured, as were apo A-1 and apo B concentrations. Fatty acid composition of plasma phospholipids, plasma cholesterol ester and platelets was also determined. RESULTS: Significantly (P < 0.05) lower total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were observed after the BR and BS period, compared to BG. The effect of BR and BS did not differ. BG and BR resulted in equal concentrations of HDL-C, but significantly higher than BS. Consequently, a significantly lower LDL-C/HDL-C ratio was seen after the BR treatment compared to BG and BS. Apo A-1 concentrations were not significantly different, but Apo B was significantly increased after BG. CONCLUSIONS: Partially replacing milk fat with rapeseed oil seems to yield a more healthy spread. Stearic acid had a HDL-C lowering effect compared to milk fat, but did not affect LDL-C significantly. The addition of stearic acid did not improve the plasma lipoprotein profile for young men with low cholesterol levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Effect of fruit juice intake on urinary quercetin excretion and biomarkers of antioxidative status.

BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic studies suggest that foods rich in flavonoids might reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to investigate the effect of intake of flavonoid-containing black currant and apple juice on urinary excretion of quercetin and on markers of oxidative status. DESIGN: This was a crossover study with 3 doses of juice (750, 1000, and 1500 mL) consumed for 1 wk by 4 women and 1 man corresponding to an intake of 4.8, 6.4, and 9.6 mg quercetin/d. RESULTS: Urinary excretion of quercetin increased significantly with dose and with time. The fraction excreted in urine was 0.29-0.47%. Plasma quercetin did not change with juice intervention. Plasma ascorbate increased during intervention because of the ascorbate in the juice. Total plasma malondialdehyde decreased with time during the 1500-mL juice intervention, indicating reduced lipid oxidation in plasma. Plasma 2-amino-adipic semialdehyde residues increased with time and dose, indicating a prooxidant effect of the juice, whereas erythrocyte 2-aminoadipic semialdehyde and gamma-glutamyl semialdehyde concentrations, Trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity, and ferric reducing ability of plasma did not change. Glutathione peroxidase activity increased significantly with juice dose. CONCLUSIONS: Urinary excretion of quercetin seemed to be a small but constant function of quercetin intake. Short-term, high intake of black currant and apple juices had a prooxidant effect on plasma proteins and increased glutathione peroxidase activity, whereas lipid oxidation in plasma seemed to decrease. These effects might be related to several components of the juice and cannot be attributed solely to its quercetin content.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Screening of probiotic activities of forty-seven strains of Lactobacillus spp. by in vitro techniques and evaluation of the colonization ability of five selected strains in humans.

The probiotic potential of 47 selected strains of Lactobacillus spp. was investigated. The strains were examined for resistance to pH 2.5 and 0.3% oxgall, adhesion to Caco-2 cells, and antimicrobial activities against enteric pathogenic bacteria in model systems. From the results obtained in vitro, five strains, Lactobacillus rhamnosus 19070-2, L. reuteri DSM 12246, L. rhamnosus LGG, L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis CHCC 2329, and L. casei subsp. alactus CHCC 3137, were selected for in vivo studies. The daily consumption by 12 healthy volunteers of two doses of 10(10) freeze-dried bacteria of the selected strains for 18 days was followed by a washout period of 17 days. Fecal samples were taken at days 0 and 18 and during the washout period at days 5 and 11. Lactobacillus isolates were initially identified by API 50CHL and internal transcribed spacer PCR, and their identities were confirmed by restriction enzyme analysis in combination with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Among the tested strains, L. rhamnosus 19070-2, L. reuteri DSM 12246, and L. rhamnosus LGG were identified most frequently in fecal samples; they were found in 10, 8, and 7 of the 12 samples tested during the intervention period, respectively, whereas reisolations were less frequent in the washout period. The bacteria were reisolated in concentrations from 10(5) to 10(8) cells/g of feces. Survival and reisolation of the bacteria in vivo appeared to be linked to pH tolerance, adhesion, and antimicrobial properties in vitro.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1999

Schistosoma japonicum infection and serum and tissue concentrations of retinol and zinc in pigs.

The effects of Schistosoma japonicum infection on the concentrations of zinc in serum, liver, spleen and muscle and on the concentrations of retinol in serum and liver were studied in 48 pigs. Twenty-four of the pigs were each infected by intramuscular inoculation with 2000 cercariae of S. japonicum in medium and the rest were similarly inoculated with parasite-free medium, as controls. On each of weeks 4, 11, 17 and 24 post-inoculation (PI), 12 pigs (six of which were infected) were killed. Tissue samples were collected at necropsy. Blood samples were taken prior to infection and at necropsy from all pigs, and bi-weekly from the pigs killed 24 weeks post-infection. In an analysis of variance in which serum retinol was the dependent variable, the interaction infection x time was found to be significant (P = 0.009). The main reason for this significance was that the concentration of retinol in the sera collected from infected pigs at necropsy at 11 weeks PI was significantly lower than in the control pigs killed at the same time (P = 0.02). Although, overall, infection led to higher zinc concentrations in the liver (P = 0.04) and spleen tissue (P = 0.01), it had no apparent effect on liver retinol, muscle zinc or serum zinc. However, among the pigs which were tested bi-weekly, serum zinc was consistently lower in the infected pigs than in the controls (P = 0.01). The transient declines seen in the concentrations of retinol and zinc in sera from the infected pigs were not accompanied by similar changes in the tissue concentrations, and may reflect an acute-phase response to infection. Schistosoma japonicum infection in pigs is considered a useful model of S. japonicum infection (and probably also of S. mansoni infection) in humans. Similar effects, if they occur in the human infections, may lead to misclassification of vitamin-A and zinc status in endemic populations if this status is based on serum retinol and serum zinc.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Postprandial lipoprotein, glucose and insulin responses after two consecutive meals containing rapeseed oil, sunflower oil or palm oil with or without glucose at the first meal.

There is increasing evidence that the degree of postprandial lipaemia may be of importance in the development of atherosclerosis and IHD. Postprandial lipid, lipoprotein, glucose, insulin and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations were investigated in eleven healthy young males after randomized ingestion of meals containing rapeseed oil, sunflower oil or palm oil with or without a glucose drink. On six occasions each subject consumed consecutive meals (separated by 1.75 h) containing 70 g (15 g and 55 g respectively) of each oil. On one occasion with each oil 50 g glucose was taken with the first meal. One fasting and fifteen postprandial blood samples were taken over 9 h. There were no statistically significant differences in lipoprotein and apolipoprotein responses after rapeseed, sunflower and palm oils, whereas insulin responses were lower after sunflower oil than after rapeseed oil (ANOVA, P = 0.04). The NEFA and triacylglycerol concentrations at 1.5 h were reduced when 50 g glucose was taken with the first meal (ANOVA, P < 0.0001 and P < 0.05 respectively), regardless of meal fatty acid composition. In conclusion, the consumption of glucose with a mixed meal containing either rapeseed, sunflower or palm oil influenced the immediate triacylglycerol and NEFA responses compared with the same meal without glucose, whereas no significant effect on postprandial lipaemia after a subsequent meal was observed. The fatty acid composition of the meal did not significantly affect the lipid and lipoprotein responses, whereas an effect on insulin responses was observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Effect of modified dairy fat on fasting and postprandial haemostatic variables in healthy young men.

It has been suggested that milk fat, due to its content of saturated fatty acids, may have a thrombogenic effect. In the present study the fatty acid profile of milk fat was modified by changing the feeding regimens of cows and the effect on haemostatic variables of a diet containing the modified milk fat (M) was compared with that of a diet containing milk fat of typical Danish composition (D). In the modified fat 16% of the saturated fatty acid (C12-C16) content was replaced mainly by oleic acid. Eighteen subjects were fed on two strictly controlled isoenergetic diets containing 40% energy from total fat (30% energy from the test fats) for periods of 4 weeks in a study with a crossover design. Fasting samples were taken in the last week of each study period. Postprandial samples were taken on day 21, 3 h after lunch (n 18), and on the last day of the study 2, 4, 6 and 8 h after a fat load containing 1.2 g of one of the milk fats/kg body weight (n 8). After 4 weeks' dietary intervention fasting plasma factor VII coagulant (FVIIc) activity, tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) activity, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) antigen and beta-thromboglobulin did not differ between diets M and D. Postprandially FVIIc and t-PA activities increased (P < 0.001) and PAI-1 antigen and PAI-1 activity decreased (P < 0.001) as compared with fasting values, regardless of diet. After the fat load, the postprandial increase in FVIIc was marginally lower after diet M than diet D (diet effect, P < 0.05). In conclusion, the modified milk fat obtained by the applied feeding strategy had virtually the same effects on haemostatic variables as conventional milk fat.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Effect of modified dairy fat on postprandial and fasting plasma lipids and lipoproteins in healthy young men.

Fatty acid profile of milk fat can be modified by cow feeding strategies. Our aim was postprandially and after 4 wk to compare the effect of a modified milk fat (M diet) [with 16% of the cholesterolemic saturated fatty acid (C12-16) replaced by mainly oleic and stearic acids] with the effect of D diet, including a conventional Danish milk fat on plasma lipids and lipoproteins. A side effect of the cow feeding regime was a 5% (w/w) increase in trans fatty acid in M diet. Eighteen subjects were fed for two periods of 4 wk strictly controlled isoenergetic test diets with 40% of energy from total fat and the same content of dietary cholesterol in a randomized study with cross-over design. Contrary to expectations, fasting low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentration did not differ after the experimental periods. However, M diet resulted in a higher fasting total triacylglycerol concentration compared to D diet (P = 0.009). Postprandial samples were taken at two different occasions (i) at day 21, after breakfast and lunch and (ii) on the last day of the study 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after a fat load. Postprandial plasma triacylglycerol and chylomicron triacylglycerol showed higher peak values after D diet than M diet (interaction effect, diet x times P < 0.05). In conclusion, M diet did not lower LDL cholesterol compared to D diet. Thus any cholesterol-lowering effect of oleic and stearic acids may have been obscured by the high content of cholesterol-raising saturated fatty acids in milk fat. A higher content of the trans fatty acids in M diet might have counteracted the cholesterol neutral/decreasing effect and increased plasma triacylglycerol.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Calcium absorption from small soft-boned fish.

The prevalence of osteoporosis in developing countries is low compared to most industrialised countries despite an apparent low Ca intake. It is possible, however, that food surveys have overlooked important Ca sources in developing countries. Small fish eaten with the bones can be a rich source of Ca, even though Ca from bone may be considered unavailable for absorption. In the present study, absorption of Ca from indigenous Bengali small fish was compared with the Ca absorption from milk. Ca absorption from single meals was determined in 19 healthy men and women (21-28 y). Each subject received two meal types on two separate occasions. Both meals consisted of white wheat bread, butter and ultra pure water with the main Ca source being either small Bengali fish (397 mg Ca in total) or skimmed milk (377 mg Ca in total). The meals were extrinsically labelled with 47Ca, and whole-body retention was measured on day 8, 12, 15 and 19 after intake of each meal. The labelling procedure was evaluated by an in vitro method. The calculated absorption of Ca as measured with 47Ca whole-body retention was 23.8 +/- 5.6% from the fish meal and 21.8 +/- 6.1% from the milk meal (mean +/- SD), which was not significantly different (p = 0.52). Even after correction for an incomplete isotope exchange, as indicated by the in vitro study, Ca absorption was similar from the two meal types. It was concluded that Ca absorption from small Bengali fish was comparable that from skimmed milk, and that these fish may represent a good source of Ca.

Absorption↗
PubMed1998

Effectiveness of a dietary intervention strategy in general practice: effects on blood lipids, health and well-being.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of a dietary treatment programme on blood cholesterol concentration in hypercholesterolaemic patients in general practice and to analyse subjectively experienced side-effects. DESIGN: A 1-year parallel trial comparing a new treatment programme with conventional treatment. SETTING: General practitioners in Roskilde county, Denmark. SUBJECTS: 355 men and women, aged 20-60 years, with a persistent blood cholesterol concentration above age- and gender-specific cut-off points (265 in an intervention group and 90 in a control group). INTERVENTION: A treatment strategy based on collaboration between doctor and dietitian using individual dietary advice and feedback from measured biological parameters. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum lipids, body weight, blood pressure, dietary behaviour, health parameters, quality of life parameters and acceptance by patients and general practitioners. RESULTS: Total blood cholesterol concentration decreased by 14% (1.07 mmol l(-1), P < 0.0001) in 159 patients in the intervention group, not having any lipid altering drug during treatment, in addition to 3% from screening to start of treatment. In 65 patients in the control group, without any lipid altering drug, the reduction of cholesterol concentration was 4% (0.27 mmol l(-1), P < 0.01; intervention vs. control P < 0.001). In the intervention group overweight subjects (body mass index > 30) reduced body weight by 6% (P < 0.0001). Systolic blood pressure was reduced by 11% (P < 0.0001) and diastolic blood pressure by 10% (P < 0.0001) and 19% (P < 0.003) for intervals 90-110 mmHg and > 110 mmHg, respectively. Risk score decreased and self-assessed health, physical and psychological well-being improved. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment strategy tested proved to be efficient, without side-effects and well accepted by patients and general practitioners. The results strongly suggest that hypercholesterolaemia can efficiently be treated non-pharmacologically in general practice.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Toxicity considerations when revising the Nordic nutrition recommendations.

The Nordic countries have issued common nutrition recommendations since 1980. In connection with the 3rd revision, a joint working group of nutritionists and toxicologists assessed the toxicology of selected trace elements. Values for upper limits of intake were established for iron, zinc, iodine and selenium. The safety factors between the lowest intakes at which adverse effects had been reported and the suggested upper limits of intake were small. In the toxicological evaluation of upper safe intake levels of essential trace elements, interactions between trace elements as well as long-term exposure to moderately elevated trace element intakes have to be considered.

Copper↗
PubMed1998

Meat intake and iron status in late infancy: an intervention study.

BACKGROUND: Highly bioavailable dietary iron is needed to ensure optimal iron status in infants during weaning. The purpose of the current study was to examine the effect of increased meat intake on hemoglobin concentration (Hb), serum ferritin (SF), and serum transferrin receptors (TfR) in late infancy. METHODS: Forty-one healthy, term, partially breast-fed 8-month-old infants were randomized into two groups: a low-meat group (LMG), in which infants received a diet with a mean meat content of 10 g/day and a high-meat group (HMG), in which infants received a diet with a mean meat content of 27 g/day. The intervention lasted for 2 months, and blood samples were drawn on the first and the last days of the intervention. RESULTS: At the beginning of the intervention, no significant differences were found in Hb, SF, TfR values between the two groups. After the intervention, there was a significant (p = 0.008) difference in the change in hemoglobin (delta Hb) concentration. In the LMG delta Hb was -4.9 g/l (range, -12.9-5.6 g/l) and in the HMG -0.6 g/l (range, -12.1-7.3 g/l). There was no significant difference in change in SF or TfR concentrations between the LMG and the HMG. The intake of iron from meat (mean; range) was significantly higher (p = 0.0001) in the HMG (0.4 mg/day; 0.02-0.7 mg/day) than in the LMG (0.1 mg/day; 0.03-0.5 mg/day). However, there was no significant difference in total iron intake between the HMG (3.1 mg/day; 0.4-6.2 mg/day) and the LMG (3.4 mg/day; 1.4-6.1 mg/day). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that an increase in meat intake can prevent a decrease in Hb in late infancy, probably by enhancing iron absorption. However, there was no effect on iron stores or on cellular iron deficiency, evaluated by SF and TfR levels, respectively.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1998

The influence of meat on nonheme iron absorption in infants.

During weaning the infant has a high iron requirement, and highly available dietary iron is needed to ensure optimal iron status. Muscle tissue has been identified as an enhancer of nonheme iron absorption in adults, although the influence of meat on nonheme iron absorption in infants has not been previously reported. The effect of the addition of 25 g of meat (lean beef) on nonheme iron absorption from a home-prepared vegetable purée meal (80 g of vegetables) was investigated in infants in the present study. The meals did not differ in their contents of other known enhancers or inhibitors of nonheme iron absorption. Incorporation of stable isotopes of iron (57Fe and 58Fe) into red blood cells 14 d after intake was used to measure iron absorption, using a cross-over design in eight healthy infants 43-49 wk of age. Nonheme iron absorption was significantly increased (p = 0.002) from the vegetable purée with added meat (geometric mean 15.0%) compared with the puréed vegetables (geometric mean 9.9%). These results thus suggest that meat is also an enhancer of nonheme iron absorption in infants and that nonheme iron absorption from weaning foods can be increased by the addition of meat.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Intestinal degradation in pigs of rye dietary fibre with different structural characteristics.

In order to investigate the effects of dietary fibre (DF) characteristics on carbohydrate degradation and the metabolism in the large intestine, pigs were fed on four rye-bread diets (based on whole rye, pericarp/testa, aleurone or endosperm) with differences in characteristics and amount of DF. The degradability of DF in the large intestine varied greatly between diets. The pericarp/testa DF was hardly degraded in the large intestine, whereas endosperm DF was extensively and rapidly degraded in the caecum. Caecal degradation of aleurone DF was also limited, leaving more material to be degraded in the colon. The undegradable pericarp/testa DF was characterized by high contents of lignin, cellulose, ferulic acids and highly substituted arabinoxylans (the major DF component in rye). Ingestion of this diet resulted in increased faecal bulk and reduced transit time, but with low colonic pH and the lowest concentrations of shortchain fatty acids (SCFA). The aleurone diet, on the other hand, led to a fermentation pattern which may be considered more optimal, with lower colonic pH and higher concentrations of SCFA, in particular butyric acid. Despite the large differences in carbohydrate fermentation only minor significant effects on the presence of protein degradation products and on histological measurements (height and diameter of colonic crypts and thickness of the muscularis external) were observed.

Animals↗