Biomedical subjects

B Sanne

Publications and source records attributed to B Sanne.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2004

Farmers are at risk for anxiety and depression: the Hordaland Health Study.

AIMS: To examine whether, and why, farmers and non-farmers differ regarding levels of anxiety and depression. METHODS: The study encompassed 17 295 workers age 40-49 years, including 917 farmers, from the population-based Hordaland Health Study 1997-99 (HUSK). Levels of anxiety and depression were assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A and HADS-D, respectively). Self-reported information on various work-related factors, demographics, lifestyle and somatic health problems was included. The main analytical methods were univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA)/Kruskal-Wallis test, chi(2)/Fisher's exact test and logistic regression. RESULTS: Compared with non-farmers, farmers had higher levels and prevalences of depression, particularly the male farmers, who also had higher anxiety levels. Among men, farmers reported longer work hours, lower income, higher psychological job demands and less decision latitude compared with non-farmers. Farmers had physically heavier work and a lower level of education than non-farmers. Generally, the differences were largest between full-time farmers and non-farmers. Differences in anxiety and depression levels between male full-time farmers and non-farmers could be explained by the farmers' longer work hours, physically harder work and lower income. CONCLUSIONS: Farming is associated with increased levels of anxiety and increased levels and prevalences of depression. As regards depression, preventative measures and screening for cases in need of treatment should be strongly considered.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

[Depression--socioeconomic perspectives].

BACKGROUND: Depression is a major health problem, and there is a growing awareness of the economic burden imposed by depressive disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A review of the literature on the societal cost of depression is presented in a comparison of the two major studies on the topic and a discussion of the feasibility of reducing costs. RESULTS: Estimating the societal cost of depression is complicated and estimates differ a great deal. The costs are, however, considerable with morbidity costs constituting the largest component. Depression is underdiagnosed and undertreated, but the majority of patients can be effectively treated; thus, in theory, cost reductions should be feasible. After the controversial Gotland study it was claimed that improving the skills of general practitioners in diagnosing and treating the disorder might reduce its societal costs considerably. However, these results were not reproduced in the randomized controlled Hampshire study. INTERPRETATION: It is uncertain to what degree it is possible to reduce the societal costs of depression. Research on the health economics of depressive disorders should be given priority.

Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic↗

PubMed1997

[Attention deficit/hyperactivity. Diagnostic criteria and classification].

General problems regarding diagnostic criteria and classification of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder are discussed. A comparison of the most recent versions of the present diagnostic systems shows that they have converged and now overlap each other considerably. ICD-10 (clinical criteria) is still descriptive. DCR-10 (ICD-10's criteria for research) and DSM-IV both have operational criteria. The symptom lists of DCR-10 and DSM-IV are almost identical, and the criteria are very similar. The divisions into types, however, are very different, and none can be recommended. In clinical practice, and particularly in research, it is recommended that cases fulfill the criteria for "disturbance of activity and attention" (F90.0) in DCR-10 or "attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, combined type" (314.01) in DSM-IV. There are considerable differences between former and present criteria. This must be considered when research results based on former criteria are examined.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

[Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults. Diagnostic problems].

Following several reports on treatment of adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, diagnostic problems regarding the diagnosis are discussed. Symptoms and criteria have changed considerably over the years. Many of those who were given this diagnosis earlier would probably be given a different diagnosis today. Patients should be diagnosed according to the latest diagnostic criteria, but these are developed for children, and are not always adequate for adults. Knowledge regarding the manifestation of the disorder in adults is not sufficient. In order to make this diagnosis in an adult, there must be evidence of the symptoms at the time of examination and also in childhood. The latter may be difficult or impossible to demonstrate. Reliable information on the symptomatology of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adulthood will not be available until children who are given the diagnosis today according to DSM-IV or the research criteria of ICD-10 have been followed up in adulthood.

Adult↗