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Biomedical subjects

B Schei

Publications and source records attributed to B Schei.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Occurrence of sexual abuse among students in Trondheim].

Few studies of the prevalence and incidence of sexual abuse have been conducted in the Nordic countries. The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of accounts of sexual abuse and to calculate the incidence of rape and attempted rape among students. A questionnaire was handed out to a random sample of 1,322 students in Trondheim. The response rate was 77%. Among the 510 women, a total of 99 (19%) had experienced some kind of sexual abuse before 18 years of age. 23 (5%) had experienced at least one episode of very severe sexual abuse (attempted or completed coitus). The equivalent numbers among the 486 males were 17 (4%) and 3 (1%). Based on information on reported events during the year prior to the study, the yearly incidence of rape/attempted rape among women was 12 per 1,000. Only attempted rape was reported in the same time interval among men, giving a yearly incidence of two per 1,000. Applied to the total population of students in Trondheim, 87 female and 16 male students are exposed to rape/attempted rape every year.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

The impact of child sexual abuse--a study of a random sample of Norwegian students.

The long-term impact of child sexual abuse (CSA) has most typically been concentrated on the psychological outcomes. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between CSA and self-reported complaints including both psychological and psychosomatic problems as well as absenteeism. A random sample of 510 female and 486 male students completed a questionnaire that included questions about CSA. The overall response rate was 75.3%. A symptom scale was constructed by asking the respondents to rate themselves on a three-category scale for 13 items concerning both psychological and somatic health problems. They were also asked to indicate how many days the problem had caused them to be absent from class or work during the year prior to the study. CSA was reported by 116 of the students (11.7%). CSA was associated with a broad range of health problems; including genital pain/infections and headache/abdominal/muscular pain as well as psychological disorders such as anxiety and suicidal ideations. A linear relationship was demonstrated between the severity of CSA and the symptom score, as well as between the severity of CSA and days absent from work. Postpubertal onset of abuse and close relationship with the offender were positively associated with the number of sick-leave days.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1994

Quality of care for infertility patients. An evaluation of a plan for a hospital investigation.

AIM OF STUDY: In this study we assessed the quality of health care for infertile patients as expressed by the patients themselves. The implementation of the existing structured plan for infertility investigation and treatment was also reviewed. DESIGN AND DATA: The sample consisted of all 361 women registered with an infertility diagnosis during 1982 at Rikshospitalet. Their medical records were reviewed in 1988. The process and outcome of the investigation as it appeared was analyzed for each individual patient. A structured questionnaire was distributed to the patients in 1988 and 72.6% responded. The questions included several items on outcome and personal experience of the treatment in the hospital. RESULTS: Data from the medical records show that the medical investigation lasted three years on average. The records often showed evidence of discontinuity of the process. The mean number of consultations was eight (range 1-28). An average of one new doctor for each consultation was involved in the investigation. One third of the patients left the investigation without a noted definite termination of the treatment process. According to the questionnaire around 40% had delivered at least one child, while 30% had adopted. Of those who got a biological child, two thirds were satisfied with the clinical treatment efforts of the medical staff. Less than half of those who did not become pregnant were satisfied. Independent of outcome, 70% were dissatisfied with the emotional support during the investigations, and nearly 90% felt that waiting lists were too long. More than half expressed a need for professional psychological counselling. CONCLUSIONS: The study shows that medical records and service organizations do not meet the need for continuity in treatment nor research and evaluation requirements. We suggest that more emphasis should be devoted to planning of the services. They should be improved with regard to quality in medical handling as well as emotional counselling.

Adoption↗
PubMed1994

Microcurettage sampling of the endometrium for histopathological examination--simpler but not safe? Comparison of endometrial histopathology in samples obtained by a disposable mechanical curette and by traditional curettage.

The routine use of dilatation and curettage (D&C) is questioned as a standard procedure for endometrial sampling. Instruments have been developed in order to simplify the procedure. The aim of the present study was to estimate the sensitivity to detect malignancy/premalignancy by histological examination of endometrial samples obtained by microcurettage using a disposable plastic curette, Gynoscann. The histological examination of the combined microcurettage and D&C material was defined as the true diagnosis. All patients undergoing diagnostic D&C at the two participating hospitals were included in the study. The endometrial samples were evaluated at the Department of Pathology as part of their routine work. The microcurettage samples were re-examined independently by two pathologists (observer 1 and observer 2) who did not have access to the rest of the tissue material nor the diagnosis given previously. A total of 902 patients were enrolled in the study. Endometrial cancer was found in four women below 50 years of age. None of these were detected by histological examination of the Gynoscann obtained sample. Among women aged 50 and above, samples from 16 women turned out to have endometrial cancer. The microcurettage samples were correctly classified as malignant/premalignant by observer 1 in 13 cases and by observer 2 in 14 cases. We conclude that diagnostic D&C among women 50 years and below cannot be replaced by histological examination of Gynoscann samples without the risk of overlooking significant pathology.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Indicators of childhood sexual abuse in gynaecological patients in a general practice.

OBJECTIVE: To find indicators of a history of childhood sexual abuse in patients consulting for a gynaecological examination in a general practice. DESIGN: Semistructured interview after a consultation. SETTING: General practice in the city of Oslo, Norway. PARTICIPANTS: Of 117 women aged 20-49 with a gynaeco- logical problem, 85 were interviewed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: History of childhood sexual abuse. RESULTS: 24 (28%) of 85 women interviewed by their female GP when consulting for a gynaecological problem reported childhood sexual abuse. In total they reported 32 abusive events, quite different as to the type of assault, the relation to the offender, and the duration. A history of pelvic pain or gynaecological surgery showed a significant association with reported childhood sexual abuse with odds ratios of 4.0 (CI 1.0-15.8) and 4.1 (CI 1.0-17.0), respectively. As adverse sexual experiences may lead to somatization as a coping strategy, certain findings might be indicators of unknown childhood sexual abuse in patients presenting for gynaecological disorders. CONCLUSION: A history of pelvic pain and gynaecological surgery may be indicators of sexual abuse in childhood.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

[Delivery at the parents' and children's premises].

Developed countries have reduced maternal mortality to a minimum, and there is a very low perinatal risk. This is still far from the reality in many developing countries. In the evaluation of health care for mother and child, all professionals involved should consider their focus. The use of technology, and the premises and information shared with the users should be open to revision, in order to provide services that are user-friendly, and to ensure low risk for parents and children.

Developing Countries↗
PubMed1991

[Examination of uterine hemorrhagic disorders using fractionated abrasion].

The aim of the study was to describe the use of uterine curettage in the diagnosis of vaginal bleeding disorders. 301 pathological specimens were identified where uterine curettage was performed because of vaginal bleeding disorders. These specimens represented 23% of all recorded examinations in the files of Department of Pathology in 1987. Based on the above data the overall yearly rate of uterine curettage was estimated to be 8.7 per 1,000 women aged 20 years and over. The highest age-specific rate was found among women under 50 years of age. Most examinations (222), were carried out on tissue from women younger than 50. In only one of them (= 0.5%) was the diagnosis endometrial carcinoma. Most cases of carcinoma were found in women older than 50 years, with a total of seven out of 79 examinations. Questions should be raised about the routine use of uterine curettage, especially among women under 45 years of age.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Between mother and child--early fetal diagnosis as a routine in antenatal care].

The development of high-resolution real-time ultrasound has created the opportunity to identify fetal congenital anomalies. Making this technique part of a screening activity must be based on the belief that early identification and early care will have a favourable impact on the natural history of the disease. This is not the case when pregnancies are screened in the second trimester to detect malformations. On the contrary; in Norway, this might lead to the yearly elimination of 300 desired fetuses. Some of these would otherwise have had a longer intrauterine life, some might have benefited from postnatal medical treatment and some might otherwise have been born as healthy children instead of being eliminated due to misclassification.

Congenital Abnormalities↗
PubMed1991

Does spousal physical abuse affect the outcome of pregnancy?

The relationship between living in a physical abusive relationship and adverse outcome of pregnancy was examined using a structured interview including an obstetrical history. Sixty-six women living in a physically abusive relationship, and 114 women randomly selected and not presently living in such a relationship were interviewed. The women reported 312 completed pregnancies. Five of these were twin pregnancies and one was a stillbirth without information on birth weight. Of the 306 pregnancies included in the analysis, violence had occurred in 40. The mean birth weight of births reported by women exposed to violence during pregnancy was 229 g less than the equivalent figure in non-exposed pregnancies. Adjustment for education, primiparity, and history of addiction reduced the difference in mean birth weight to 175 g.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Physically abusive spouse--a risk factor of pelvic inflammatory disease?

The study was designed to reveal possible associations between living in an abusive relationship and gynaecological disorders, including pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Comparisons were made between 66 women exposed to physical abuse and 114 randomly sampled women from the same area who were not abused. Data were obtained from personal interviews. 38 (58%) of the study women and 14 (12%) in the control group had experienced at least one episode of PID (p less than 0.001), with a crude odds ratio (OR) of 9.7 (95% confidence interval (CI) from 4.8 to 19.7). Most of the women in both groups had been treated by a general practitioner. Data related to sexual characteristics were included in a model of logistic regression. The adjusted OR of being exposed to a physically abusive relationship was 8.4 (CI 3.8, 18.4). Ever having been divorced was the only other factor that was significantly associated with a history of PID, OR = 3.6 (CI 1.7, 7.9) in the combined group.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Prevalence of sexual abuse history in a random sample of Norwegian women.

In order to obtain an estimate of the prevalence of sexual abuse history among adult women, data from a gynecological interview of a random sample of 118 women aged between 20-49 were analysed. Childhood sexual abuse involving genital contact was reported by 8.5% of the women. Intrafamilial sexual abuse in childhood was reported by 7%, 10% of all women who had ever lived in a relationship reported sexual abuse by a violent spouse, additionally 7% had experienced sexual abuse by a non-violent spouse. 5% of all women had experienced adult sexual abuse by other than their spouse. Sexual abuse in childhood and by violent spouse was associated with a history of psychological problems and of suicidal ideation or attempts.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Psycho-social factors in pelvic pain. A controlled study of women living in physically abusive relationships.

The study was designed to reveal possible associations between living in an abusive relationship and gynecological disturbances, including pelvic pain. 66 women living in or having lived in such a relationship the previous year were compared with 114 women, in a random sample of women from the same area not exposed to life in an abusive relationship. Data from both groups were obtained through personal interview. 32 women (48%) in the study group and 24 (21%) among controls had a history of pelvic pain (p less than 0.001). Eight (12%) women in the study-group versus 2 (2%) of the controls had contacted a physician and reported a history of pelvic pain during the year prior to the interview (p less than 0.05). The difference in the history of pelvic pain could not be explained by differences in psychosocial factors between the groups.

Educational Status↗
PubMed1989

[Psychosocial gynecology and obstetrics. A need for its own specialty].

Gynaecology and obstetrics are medical fields where knowledge about the psychological and social factors influencing the patient's situation is essential. Some of these factors are risk factors for complications and illness during pregnancy and childbirth, and for reproductive health. Treatment and diagnosis of women with gynaecological disorders and of mother and child during pregnancy strongly influence mental health and well-being. Individual ways of coping with life events vary. In the individual approach to the treatment of women, gynaecologists need to have a broad understanding of the intrapsychic and social aspects of women's lives. This article lists some important fields of future research. We also discuss the necessity for systematic education in psychosocial gynaecology and obstetrics for clinical gynaecologists.

Gynecology↗
PubMed1989

Gynaecological impact of sexual and physical abuse by spouse. A study of a random sample of Norwegian women.

A sample of 150 women aged between 20 and 49 was randomly selected from the census of the city of Trondheim, Norway. Of the 131 eligible for the study, 13 refused to participate; the participating 118 women were interviewed by a gynaecologist. Detailed information about their present and previous spouse(s) and about sexual problems and gynaecological symptoms was obtained. Physical abuse by spouse had occurred in 20 (18%) of the 111 women who had ever lived in a relationship, and sexual abuse in 19 (17%). Eleven (10%) had experienced both physical and sexual abuse. A history of physical abuse with or without sexual abuse by spouse was associated with sexual problems in the present or in previous relationships. Reported abuse by spouse was also associated with a higher frequency of gynaecological symptoms at the time of interview.

Adult↗