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Biomedical subjects

B Seve

Publications and source records attributed to B Seve.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Medical termination of pregnancy at 9-14 weeks gestation. Prospective study of 105 cases in Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni (French Guyana)].

OBJECTIVES: To demonstrate the effectiveness and safety of mifepristone 600mg with misoprostol 800 mg, for termination of pregnancy at 9-14 weeks gestation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This prospective study included 105 women at 9 to 14 weeks gestation given 800 mg of vaginal misoprostol, 2 or 3 days after a single dose of 600 mg of mifepristone for pregnancy termination. Outcomes measures included mean expulsion time, the interval between fotal and placental expulsion, adverse effects, vaginal bleeding, requirement for analgesia, and hospital stay, analyzed by parity and gestational age. RESULTS: Pregnancy termination was successful in 92.4% of the patients without requirement for surgery. The mean time to expulsion was 6 hours. The fetus and placenta were expelled together in 79% of the cases. In 15% the conception products were retained in the cervical canal, and removed with a ring forceps. Additional misoprostol doses were necessary in 33% and analgesia (nalbuphine sublingually, mean dose was 10mg) in 56%. Significant bleeding was observed in 7.5%, leading to curettage in 2 patients. No statistically significant differences were found between the rate of success and term (9-12 versus 12-14) or parity. CONCLUSION: Combining oral mifepristone and vaginal misoprostol is a successful alternative to surgical termination of pregnancy, even after 9 weeks' gestation. The use of nalbuphine for analgesia improves acceptability; sublingual administration helps avoid invasive procedures. Before 14 weeks gestation, the legal limit for termination of pregnancy in France, the choice between the surgical and medical alternatives should be left to the patient.

Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal↗
PubMed2002

[Typhoid fever and pregnancy].

Typhoid fever is rare in Europe, but well-recognized endemic disease in tropical zones. We report our findings in a series of 25 cases of typhoid fever during pregnancy observed in French Guiana and reviewed the literature on clinical signs, diagnosis and treatment. Salmonellea typhi causes septicemia of digestive origin that can cross the placenta resulting in chorioamniotitis. Maternal-fetal infection with S. typhi can lead to miscarriage, fetal death, neonatal infection, as well as diverse maternal complications. In order to avoid maternal complications and possible fetal transmission, treatment with ceftriaxone should be initiated as early as possible

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1991

Effect of dietary tryptophan on muscle, liver and whole-body protein synthesis in weaned piglets: relationship to plasma insulin.

Two experiments were carried out with piglets, 3-5 kg live weight, to evaluate the effects of feeding a tryptophan (TRP)-deficient diet for 2 weeks on protein synthesis rates measured in vivo 2 h after a meal. In the first experiment on twenty piglets fed on 250 g protein/kg diets, TRP deficiency (0.77 g/16 g nitrogen) as compared with adequacy (1.17 g/16 g N) significantly decreased feed intake, growth performance and fractional protein synthesis rates (FSR), without variation of RNA in longissimus dorsi (LD) and with parallel increases in RNA in semitendinosus (ST) muscle and liver. In the second experiment thirty-two piglets were tube-fed deficient and adequate diets at the two feeding levels (LF) previously achieved. Both TRP and LF significantly increased growth performance and FSR, but not RNA, in LD and ST muscle, with a trend to a synergy between the two factors (TRP x LF interaction). In another muscle, trapezius (TR), the same interaction was only apparent in RNA content. Among the three muscles it was in LD that FSR was the most responsive to dietary TRP (significant muscle x TRP interaction). In the liver the TRP x LF interaction on FSR and not RNA was the major significant effect, indicating that higher TRP and higher LF were both required to get the maximum protein synthesis rate. At 30 min after a meal the same significant interaction effect was shown on plasma glucose, whilst the higher LF increased plasma insulin with both diets. After a further 30 min the appearance of a similar significant effect of the TRP x LF interaction on plasma insulin resulted from its abatement when the deficient diet had been fed at high LF. These results suggest that dietary TRP deficiency decreased muscle and liver protein synthesis rates in relation to a decrease in the post-prandial release of insulin following a decreased rate of nutrient absorption.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Altered partition of threonine metabolism in pigs by protein-free feeding or starvation.

Kinetic aspects of threonine (Thr) metabolism were examined in growing pigs fed a well-balanced diet (C), an isocaloric protein-free diet (PF), or starved (S) for 48 h. With the use of continuous simultaneous infusion of L-[1-13C]Thr, [1-14C]sarcosine, and 2-[1-14C]ketobutyrate (KB) for 10 h, estimates were made of rates of Thr incorporated into protein (S), released from body proteins (B), and oxidized through the catabolic pathways of L-Thr 3-dehydrogenase (TDG) and threonine dehydratase (TDH). In the C group S was 185, B was 138, Thr disposal to glycine (DRThr-Gly) was 47, and Thr disposal to KB (DRThr-KB) was 7 mumol.h-1.kg-1. Consequently, Thr balance was +48 mumol.h-1.kg-1. In the PF-fed pigs, S, B, DRThr-Gly, and DRThr-KB were significantly reduced by 38, 15, 74, and 75%, respectively. In the S group, S, B, and DRThr-Gly were significantly reduced by 47, 17, and 55%, respectively, but DRThr-KB was similar to the C group. DRThr-Gly in all groups was highly correlated with TDG enzyme activity measured in liver homogenates. By contrast with in vivo results, TDH enzyme activity was increased by 88% (P less than 0.05) in the S group and decreased by 27% (not significant) in the PF group compared with the C group. The TDH pathway accounted for 13, 12, and 27% of total Thr oxidation in the C, PF, and S groups, respectively. These results suggest that Thr conservation in protein-depleted states (PF and S groups) occurred mainly by a decrease of Thr oxidation and that the partition through these pathways was only altered when energy was completely withdrawn.

Alcohol Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1987

Effects of the amount and quality of dietary protein on nitrogen metabolism and heat production in growing pigs.

1. Eight pigs with a mean weight of 48 kg were given, at a constant daily rate, diets of low (0.15) or high (0.30) protein content, very deficient in lysine, with or without a supplement of L-lysine (3.7 g/kg). 2. Measurements of nitrogen and energy metabolism were made in four successive 14 d periods in a Latin-square design. 3. The rate of protein accretion was substantially increased by increases in both protein and lysine supply, but the rate of heat production was not significantly changed. 4. The rate of fat deposition varied inversely with the rate of protein accretion, being reduced by both protein and lysine supplements. 5. The relation between heat production and protein accretion (allowing for a constant energy cost of fat deposition) suggested that heat production increased with additional protein accretion less when protein quality was improved than when more protein was given.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Effects of the amount and quality of dietary protein on nitrogen metabolism and protein turnover of pigs.

1. The interrelation between protein accretion and whole-body protein turnover were studied by varying the quantity and quality of protein given to growing pigs. 2. Diets with 150 or 290 g lysine-deficient protein/kg were given in hourly meals, with or without lysine supplementation, to female pigs (mean weight 47 kg). 3. After the animals were adapted to the diets, a constant infusion of [14C]urea was given intra-arterially for 30 h, during the last 6 h of which an infusion of [4,5-3H]leucine was also infused at a constant rate. At the same time, yeast-protein labelled with 15N was given in the diet for 50 h. 4. The rate of urea synthesis was estimated from the specific radioactivity (SR) of plasma urea. The rate of leucine flux was estimated from the SR of plasma leucine. The irrevocable breakdown of leucine was estimated from the 3H-labelling of body water. Total N flux was estimated from the 15N-labelling of urinary urea. 5. Addition of lysine to the low-protein diet significantly increased N retention, with a substantial reduction in leucine breakdown, but there was no significant change in the flux of leucine or of total N. 6. Increasing the quantity of the unsupplemented protein also increased N retention significantly, with concomitant increases in leucine breakdown and in the fluxes of leucine and of total N. 7. It is concluded that a doubling of protein accretion brought about by the improvement of dietary protein quality is not necessarily associated with an increased rate of whole-body protein turnover.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1984

[Influence of the environmental temperature on the metabolic use of dietary energy and nitrogen in the growing rat].

Sixty-seven male rats of the Wistar CF strain were used in two trials to study the effect of ambient temperature on nitrogen and energy balances (experiment 1) and on the variations of certain biochemical parameters of metabolism (experiment 2). In both cases, the rats, housed individually in metal cages and fed ad libitum, were kept under three different temperatures : 21 degrees C (control), 3 degrees C (cold), 31 degrees C (hot). Compared to the controls, the rats at 3 degrees C showed a significant increase (P less than 0.01) in food intake and a significant decrease (P less than 0.01) in daily growth rate and feed efficiency ratio; body fat content was unchanged. Compared to the controls, the rats at 31 degrees C showed a decrease (P less than 0.01) in food intake and growth rate, a better feed efficiency ratio (P less than 0.01) and a significant increase in carcass lipid content. When compared to rats at 21 degrees C, those at 3 degrees C had a much lower nitrogen retention; at 31 degrees C this retention was only slightly lower. The urinary nitrogen excretion, increased by the cold temperature, reflected higher nitrogen catabolism, while its increase at a high temperature was probably due to a decrease in protein synthesis, and a subsequent degradation of excess ingested nitrogen. Energy retention increased (P less than 0.01) as the ambient temperature increased from 3 to 31 degrees C, and wide variations in the amounts of fixed energy in the form of proteins or lipids were observed. The balance results obtained have been discussed in relation to the variations of some biochemical parameters of metabolism such as free fatty acids, free glycerol, lipoprotein-lipase activity and in vitro utilization of labelled glucose.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1980

[Pregnancy in women wearing a heart valve prosthesis: 5 case histories (author's transl)].

The study of a personal series of five pregnancies and the review of 130 cases published enabled us to recall the physiological, clinical and therapeutic sides of the "pregnancy-heart valve prothesis" combination. Maternal mortality remains at 3%; morbidity, essentially in the form of haemorragic or thrombo-embolic accidents, comes to 45%. We insist on the importance of a pregnancy planned and accepted both by the cardiologist and the obstetrician as contraception is a difficult problem with these patients, classical oestroprogestative methods and intra-uterine devices being too much of a risk. An intake of a progestagen in small doses combines efficiency with innocuity.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Nutritional importance of colostrum in the piglet.

Suckling of colostrum by piglets is very important in order to improve the survival rate. Colostrum provides maternal antibodies, energy and protein. Rearing piglets suckling an artificial milk of a similar chemical composition to that of sow's milk failed when the animals were housed in conventional conditions although numerous research workers succeeded in rearing 90% of animals delivered and fed in sterile conditions. Studies on the chemical analysis of colostrum showed a high dry matter content (30-40% higher than that of milk) in particular a high protein level (twice that of milk). The high proportion of globulins, i.e. 38% during farrowing, drops to 12% of the protein 4 days later; conversely the casein content rather low at birth doubles over the same period. Colostrum proteins are not used to proved energetic nutrients; some of them are absorbed without hydrolysis and have a special physiological rôle. The transmission of maternal immunity by gamma globulins is well known; lactotransferrin plays an important rôle as a transporter and a bacteriostatic factor. Enzymatic proteins such as lyzozyme govern the metabolism of glycoproteins. Hydrolyzed albumins, casein and proteose-peptone fraction provide the essential amino acids for de novo protein synthesis. The fat content is relatively low during the first 24 hours and increases threefold in the 4 days after farrowing. It provides the majority of the energy required by the young animal. A high proportion of some fatty acids, mostly oleic and linoleic acids, are used preferentially as sources of energy. Other components, including enzymes of the mammary cells, were found, but their particular rôle has not been explained. Colostrum contains in addition numerous vitamins (vitamins A and E) and some particular trace elements (iodine and selenium), and their transfer from the maternal diet to the young is particularity efficient by colostrum suckling. The nutritional rôle of those nutrients is important and their levels could affect the survival rate of the piglets. Hypotheses concerning the digestion and absorption of nutrients and antibodies are summarized, and finally, recommendations are made for further research and for the minimum amount of colostrum required by each piglet for survival and efficient postnatal growth to be assessed.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Incorporation of a spiruline (Spirulina maxima) in swine food].

Two experiments on early weaned piglets and one experiment on sows during the first two reproductive cycles were made to determine the nutritive value of Spirulina maxima algae in the pig, taken as a "nutritional model" for man. The algae were introduced into the diets of the piglets, between 12 and 42 days of age, in a proportion representing 12 p. 100 of the total proteins. This level corresponded to 12 p. 100 algae in the first age feed (up to 21 days) in replacement of skim milk, and 8 p. 100 of the second age feed in replacement of soyabean meal. For the overall experimental period, from 12 to 42 days, the apparent digestibilities of the diets, measured by the chronium oxide marking, decreased by 6.9 and 6.1 points, respectively, for energy and total crude proteins as compared to the control diet. Replacement of the same raw materials by a soluble fish protein concentrate only led to a reduction of 2.9 and 3.5 points for energy and proteins. However, during the first week following weaning, the fish concentrate and spirulina gave identical results which were lower than those of the control (fig. 1). In spite of this lowering in the apparent digestibility the growths of the piglets were satisfactory and equivalent for all groups. Thus, the mĕtabolic utilisation of the fraction of feed absorbed was better for the spirulina group than for the control group, notably during the period between 12 to 21 days, although the supply of lysine in the spirulina group was 12 p. 100 lower (tab. VII). Consequently, this partially compensates for the low apparent digestibility of the algae in the young animal. For the female, the spirulina algaes were continously administered in a proportion of 5 p. 100 of the diet from a live weight of 75 kg. This did not change either the age or the weight at onset of puberty (tab IX). During the first reproductive cycle, the net weight gain of the sows receiving spirulina was lower than that of the control sows, but the number of piglets and the weight of the litter were higher (tab X). During the second cycle, performances were almost identical for the two groups, but piglets from the spirulina sows were slightly heavier than those from the control sows, in corelation with smaller litters (tab XI). During lactation, the lipid content of the milk was not substancially modified by addition of spirulina to the diet (tab. XIII). At the end of the two reproductive cycle the characteristics of the two groups of sows were identical, with a slightly higher culling rate for the spirulina group, but without direct relationship with the use of algae. Furthermore, the productivity of the sows was the same: 16.34 piglets weaned per sow and per year for the controls and 15.99 for the spirulina sows. Thus, if considering spirulina as a protein supplement to traditional proteins, its use in pig feeding does not seem to give rise to particular problem. However, it is advisable to restrict their supply to a level not exceeding 25 p...

Age Factors↗