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Biomedical subjects

B Shannon

Publications and source records attributed to B Shannon.

31 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Using visual plate waste measurement to assess school lunch food behavior.

Data reflecting consumption of foods offered in an elementary school cafeteria were collected over a four-day period prior to and after implementation of a nutrition education program. Two methods were employed to measure plate waste, one involving the physical weighing of the returned foods and the other visual examination of the wastes on each child's tray. The two measurement techniques provided similar data on all food items except for stewed tomatoes. For them the visual method consistently exhibited a higher percent plate waste. The sex of the child influenced the amount of food wasted, with the plate waste of 18 food items being higher for girls than for boys. Plate waste of six food items were influenced by grade level; however, except for one item, there was no consistent trend from lower to higher grades.

Child↗
PubMed1982

Evaluation of two nutrition education modules for hospital staff members.

Two nutrition education modules for inservice training of hospital food service personnel were evaluated in 16 hospitals. The modules, dealing with cardiovascular disease and diet, contained a leader's guide, a teaching package, audiovisual material, and suggested learning activities. Pretests and post-tests were used to assess knowledge gains resulting from learning sessions. Participants were divided so that one group took the post-tests before the sessions and one group after the sessions. When differences between groups were controlled, the sessions were shown to have a significant positive effect on post-test scores. Three-fourths of the participants rated the sessions as "very good" to "excellent."

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1982

Nutrition knowledge and attitudes of elementary school students after receiving nutrition education.

The effect of a nine-week nutrition education program on nutrition knowledge and selected nutrition/food attitudes of kindergarten through sixth grade pupils was examined. Children in the experimental group participated in the program for a nine-week instructional period; those in the control group participated later. Knowledge and attitude assessment instruments were administered to both groups immediately before and after the instructional period. In the lower grades (kindergarten through grade 3), responses on two of the three attitude scales were positively influenced by the nutrition education program. On the third attitude scale there was a trend toward a positive effect in all but one of the lower grades, but the trend was significant only in first grade. In the upper grade levels (4 through 6), the effect of nutrition education on the nutrition and food attitude scale responses was mixed; it tended to be most positive in grade 4 and least positive in grade 6. The nutrition education program also had a significant positive effect on the nutrition knowledge score of pupils in all grades except sixth. In this grade, the trend was positive but was not significant.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1982

Food behavior of elementary school students after receiving nutrition education.

A nine-week nutrition education program for kindergarten through sixth grade was implemented and its influence on children's food behavior assessed using a pretest/post-test design involving children who were and were not exposed to the program. The food behavior response was mixed. Consumption of some food items, at post-test time, was higher among pupils exposed to the program, but that of other items was lower, and consumption of some items was unaffected. Responses to questionnaires by parents indicated that they perceived a favorable effect of the nutrition education program on their children's food behavior.

Child↗
PubMed1977

Influence of estrogen treatment on hepatic cystathionine synthase and cystathionase of female rats fed varying levels of vitamin B-6.

Diets containing 8, 4, 2, or 0 mg vitamin B-6/kg were fed to intact, female rats designated high-, medium-, low-, and deficient-diet groups, respectively. After receiving the diets for 2 weeks, each group was subdivided so as to receive scheduled subcutaneous injections of corn oil with or without estradiol benzoate (Es and NoEs rats, respectively). In experiment 1, rats were fed ad libitum and injections given daily for 2 weeks. In experiment 2, rats were pair-fed and injections given every other day for 3 weeks. Es injections contained 10 microgram and 20 microgram of estradiol benzoate in experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Hepatic cysthionine synthase (CStase) and cystathionase (CNase) activities were determined both with and without exogenous pyridoxal-5-phosphate (stimulated and basal activities, respectively). Regardless of estradiol treatment, the deficient-diet decreased food intake, weight gain, and the basal and stimulated activities of both enzymes with the exception of stimulated CNase activity in Es rats. Estradiol reduced stimulated CNase activity in the medium- and high-diet groups in experiment 1. In experiment 2, estradiol reduced basal CNase activity of all diet groups and reduced stimulated CNase of low- and high-diet groups. It had little effect on CStase activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Impact of fast food meals on nutrient intake of two groups.

Two groups in different population centers were studied to determine how often consumers frequented fast food restaurants, and consequently, how heavily they relied on this type of food for nutrients. A questionnaire was answered by 280 customers of two fast food restaurants of the same chain. They were asked how often they patronized fast food restaurants, their specific food choices, and other pertinent questions. Food choices were evaluated for energy and seven nutrients on the basis of published analyses of the menu items of the particular fast food chain. Fifty-two per cent of the subjects in the two groups considered their purchases to be meals. Seventy-seven per cent of these consumed one-third or more of the recommended dietary allowance for protein, but no more than 30 per cent received that amount of the other nutrients examined, including food energy. Calcium and particularly vitamin A were least often consumed in amounts equal to one-third of the recommended allowances. Consumer choices were responsible for low consumption of calcium, but no good sources of vitamin A were included on the menus. Fast food items were purchased so infrequently by the majority of our respondents that nutrient composition of the fast food meals or snacks would be of concern in only a small number of cases. This study indicates that any attempts to improve nutritive value of fast food snacks or meals must include efforts to lead consumers to make wiser food choices, as well as encourage the fast food industry to provide rich sources of all the nutrients in their menus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

The influence of childbirth on psychiatric morbidity.

The Camberwell Psychiatric Register was searched for contacts by the 2257 women resident in the register catchment area who were known to have had a child in 1970. Of these, 99 women (and 39 of their husbands) were found to have had a 'new episode' of psychiatric illness in the two years before or the two years after the birth of their child. The distribution of these 'new episodes' relative to the time of childbirth was then studied. In the women, both functional psychoses and depressive illnesses showed a sharp rise in the new episode rate in the three months immediately after delivery. There was also a suggestion of a secondary rise, less dramatic but more sustained, from the 10th to the 24th month after delivery. There was no comparable rise in the husbands. Women whose children were illegitimate had high new episode rates throughout the four-year study period, but not particularly so in the puerperium itself.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Putting medical practice guidelines into practice: the cholesterol model.

As more and more medical practice guidelines are developed in the United States, commensurate evaluation efforts should assess their impact on professional practice and patient outcomes. We describe an ongoing research program designed to develop and test practice models for applying the 1988 Adult Treatment Panel Guidelines for the clinical management of high blood cholesterol. Four studies are evaluating different models to assist nonacademic community practices in the detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol. We have designed randomized controlled trials set in solo and small-group primary care practices of family or general practitioners and internists situated in rural, suburban, and urban settings. Patients include adult men and women who represent diverse socioeconomic and ethnic backgrounds. We are measuring rates of cholesterol screening; dietary and drug treatment and follow-up; changes in dietary intake and compliance with drug therapy; changes in quality of life and cost of intervention; and reduction in cholesterol level. Scheduled for completion in 1994, this program will provide insights into practical and effective methods of lipid management. It serves as a model for studying the application of health guidelines in the context of nonacademic primary care practices serving diverse patient populations.

Cholesterol↗