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B Shinn-Cunningham

Publications and source records attributed to B Shinn-Cunningham.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

Gravitoinertial force magnitude and direction influence head-centric auditory localization.

We measured the influence of gravitoinertial force (GIF) magnitude and direction on head-centric auditory localization to determine whether a true audiogravic illusion exists. In experiment 1, supine subjects adjusted computer-generated dichotic stimuli until they heard a fused sound straight ahead in the midsagittal plane of the head under a variety of GIF conditions generated in a slow-rotation room. The dichotic stimuli were constructed by convolving broadband noise with head-related transfer function pairs that model the acoustic filtering at the listener's ears. These stimuli give rise to the perception of externally localized sounds. When the GIF was increased from 1 to 2 g and rotated 60 degrees rightward relative to the head and body, subjects on average set an acoustic stimulus 7.3 degrees right of their head's median plane to hear it as straight ahead. When the GIF was doubled and rotated 60 degrees leftward, subjects set the sound 6.8 degrees leftward of baseline values to hear it as centered. In experiment 2, increasing the GIF in the median plane of the supine body to 2 g did not influence auditory localization. In experiment 3, tilts up to 75 degrees of the supine body relative to the normal 1 g GIF led to small shifts, 1--2 degrees, of auditory setting toward the up ear to maintain a head-centered sound localization. These results show that head-centric auditory localization is affected by azimuthal rotation and increase in magnitude of the GIF and demonstrate that an audiogravic illusion exists. Sound localization is shifted in the direction opposite GIF rotation by an amount related to the magnitude of the GIF and its angular deviation relative to the median plane.

Adult↗

Adapting to remapped auditory localization cues: a decision-theory model.

This paper describes a model of adaptation to remapped auditory localization cues that is based on previous decision-theory models of psychophysical performance. The present model extends earlier work by explicitly assuming that past experience affects subject perception and by quantifying how training causes subjects' responses to evolve over time. The model makes quantitative predictions of total sensitivity, bias, and resolution for subjects involved in experiments investigating spatial auditory adaptation. One assumption of the model is that subjects cannot adapt to nonlinear rearrangements of localization cues, which is consistent with previous experimental reports in both audition (Shinn-Cunningham, Durlach, & Held, 1998b) and vision (Bedford, 1993). The model assumes that, in spatial adaptation experiments, subjects learn to interpret a continuous internal decision variable differently than normal; they do not learn to associate discrete stimulus-response pairs. This view is consistent with previous analyses of results from experiments investigating adaptation to visual rearrangement, as well as with the McCullough effect in vision (Bedford, 1993, 1995).

Cues↗

Models of plasticity in spatial auditory processing.

Both psychophysical and physiological studies have examined plasticity of spatial auditory processing. While there is a great deal known about how the system computes basic cues that influence spatial perception, less is known about how these cues are integrated to form spatial percepts and how the auditory system adapts and calibrates in order to maintain accurate spatial perception. After summarizing evidence for plasticity in the spatial auditory pathway, this paper reviews a statistical, decision-theory model of short-term plasticity and a system-level model of the spatial auditory pathway that may help elucidate how long- and short-term experiences influence the computations underlying spatial hearing.

Acoustic Stimulation↗