Biomedical subjects

B Simon

Publications and source records attributed to B Simon.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources

PubMed1994

Characteristics of psychoanalytic patients under a nationalized health plan: DSM-III-R diagnoses, previous treatment, and childhood trauma.

OBJECTIVE: This article reports the results of a survey to collect data on the characteristics of patients in psychoanalysis under a nationalized health insurance scheme. METHOD: A questionnaire, to be answered anonymously, was sent to all 174 accredited psychoanalysts in Ontario, Canada. Part 1 of the questionnaire consisted of 38 questions on the analyst's pattern of practice. Part 2, also to be filled out by the analyst, consisted of 452 questions on the demographic characteristics, childhood traumas, DSM-III-R diagnoses, and indications for psychoanalysis of each of the analyst's patients. RESULTS: One hundred seventeen analysts responded--a survey response rate of 67%--with data on 580 patients. Fifty-nine percent (N = 344) of patients were women, and 41% (N = 236) were men. Eighty-two percent had attempted other forms of treatment, including briefer forms of psychotherapy and medication, prior to psychoanalysis. During childhood, 23% had had traumatic separations, 23% had been sexually abused, 22% had been physically abused, and 21% had had a parent or sibling die. The mean number of adult psychiatric disorders at the beginning of analysis was four, and the mode was two. CONCLUSIONS: In a nationalized health insurance scheme, the psychoanalytic patients were mostly women, they had high rates of trauma and psychopathology, and they had attempted other forms of briefer treatment before resorting to psychoanalysis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Nizatidine in therapy and prevention of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced gastroduodenal ulcer in rheumatic patients.

Two hundred and sixty-nine patients with various rheumatic disorders who had been treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) for at least 3 weeks were enrolled in this randomized double-blind multicentre trial. Entry criteria were the presence of an ulcer in the gastric and/or duodenal mucosa (> 3 mm and < 20 mm in diameter) and dyspeptic symptoms. The patients were treated with 150 mg nizatidine nocte (n = 86), 2 x 150 mg/d (n = 93) and 2 x 300 mg/d (n = 90) nizatidine. All patients continued to take their original NSAID medication. The three nizatidine groups were well matched with respect to important patient characteristics. After 8 weeks of treatment more than 90% of gastric and duodenal ulcers (DU) had healed under all three nizatidine dosages. There was a tendency to higher healing rates in the case of gastric ulcers after 4 weeks following the higher dose of nizatidine. Erosion, in the stomach and duodenum as well as oesophagitis, improved to a similar degree with all nizatidine doses. There were similar improvements in clinical symptoms such as epigastric pain, heartburn etc. Consumption of additional antacids were similar in all three groups. In the subsequent prevention trial, 237/221 patients were followed for 3/6 months. In addition to their continued antirheumatic medication 116/107 received nizatidine 150 mg nocte and 121/114 patients 2 x 150 mg nizatidine daily. The cumulative relapse rates within 6 months averaged 5.5% in the low and 1.8% in the high dose group (NS). The safety of nizatidine was assessed as good in both the therapeutic and the preventive trial.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗

PubMed1994

[Comparison of the protective effects of roxatidine and misoprostol on diclofenac gastroduodenal pathology. An endoscopic, controlled study of volunteers].

For prophylaxis of gastroduodenal lesions induced by non-steroidal antirheumatic drugs (NSAID) acid-lowering as well as mucosa protective substances are used. Direct comparison of both therapeutic regimens are lacking. In randomized parallel studies the gastroduodenal tolerability of 100 mg diclofenac daily in slow-release form was evaluated in the presence and absence of 150 mg roxatidine (CAS 78273-80-0) daily as well as in the presence of 75 mg bid roxatidine or 200 micrograms bid misoprostol (CAS 59122-46-2). The drugs were taken over a period of 14 days. Endoscopic controls were performed at entry, as well as after 14 days of treatment. A quantitative damaging score was used. Study A: Both treatment groups (n = 20) had at entry comparable mucosal damages: placebo/diclofenac: 0.9 +/- 0.1 (+/- SEM), roxatidine/diclofenac: 0.9 +/- 0.1; after 14 days of treatment the score increased in the diclofenac/placebo group to 7.6 +/- 1.9 and, in the corresponding diclofenac/roxatidine group, only to 2.1 +/- 0.9. The difference between the two treatment groups after 14 days was significant (p < 0.05). Study B: Both treatment groups (n = 24) had comparable mucosal damages at entry: diclofenac/roxatidine: 0.9 +/- 0.1, diclofenac/misoprostol: 0.8 +/- 0.1. Following 14 days treatment with 100 mg diclofenac daily the damaging score in both group rose to comparable levels: roxatidine group 2.1 +/- 0.7 and misoprostol group 2.0 +/- 0.4 (n.s.). The data suggest that for prophylaxis of NSAID-induced gastroduodenal lesions substances with different mechanism of action can be used. The findings underline the complex way by which NSAID can damage the mucosa of the upper gastrointestinal tract.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Ranitidine in the treatment of non-ulcer dyspepsia. A placebo-controlled study in the Federal Republic of Germany.

The trial randomly assigned 652 patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD), defined as chronic or recurrent complaints of acid-related (heartburn, acid regurgitation, epigastric pain) and non-acid related (fullness/vomiting, nausea) symptoms and with no evidence of organic disease, to treatment for 4 weeks with 150 mg of ranitidine (Zantic, CAS 66357-59-3) twice a day, or placebo, according to a double-blind design. The presence and duration of all dyspeptic symptoms were recorded by interviews at the beginning and after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment as well as by diaries. The complete disappearance of all dyspeptic symptoms after 4 weeks in the placebo group was 36%; ranitidine treatment resulted in a significant improvement after 4 weeks (p < 0.05). The effect of ranitidine was slightly more pronounced in acid-related than in non-acid-related symptoms. We conclude that suppression of gastric acid secretion is of clinical value in NUD patients, especially in those suffering from epigastric pain, acid regurgitation and heartburn.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Fact and fantasy in the history of Freud's views on incest and seduction.

This article surveys the history of Freud's attitudes and theories about the etiologic role of actual incest and seduction and neurosis. It also surveys the debate in historical writing on that topic, much of which oversimplifies complex and contradictory data. Here is an instance in which history is being written and used as part of current debates and polemics, principally to either monolithically defend or attack Freud. This article argues that Freud's motives for downplaying the etiologic role of seduction in the neuroses were complex, did not involve cowardice, and need to be understood both in terms of internal developments in Freud's thinking as well as in terms of relevant external (for example, historical) factors.

Austria↗

PubMed1994

Effects of ibuprofen lysinate and acetylsalicylic acid on gastric and duodenal mucosa. Randomized single-blind placebo-controlled endoscopic study in healthy volunteers.

Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, CAS 50-78-2) and ibuprofen (IB) are commonly used over-the-counter drugs for short-term treatment of pain of different origin. Ibuprofen lysinate (IBL, CAS 57469-76-8) is a water soluble form of ibuprofen for rapid absorption. This single blind, randomized, controlled study compared the incidence and severity of irritation of gastric and duodenal mucosa in normal healthy subjects (n = 45) following administration of IBL (Dolormin) 800 mg/d, ASA 2000 mg/d or placebo for 3 consecutive days. Gastric and duodenal mucosal injury were assessed endoscopically using a severity scale of 0-4 for mucosal erosions and mucosal hemorrhages. Mean gastric hemorrhage and erosion scores for ASA and IBL were significantly higher than those for placebo. In addition, ASA was found to be significantly more irritating to gastric mucosa than IBL, in both the incidence and severity of gastric erosions. No duodenal hemorrhages were detected in this study. The incidence of duodenal erosions was significantly higher in the ASA group (64%) than in both the IBL (6%) and placebo groups (0%) which were not significantly different. Only one subject (in the placebo group) reported an adverse experience (mild headache) during the study. The data suggest that both active treatments are more injurious to the gastric mucosa than placebo when given for 3 days to normal healthy volunteers, but that IBL 800 mg/d is significantly less injurious to the gastric and duodenal mucosa than ASA 2000 mg/d.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[Circadian aspects of acetylsalicylic acid induced injury and protective effect of ranitidine on the the upper gastrointestinal tract].

Circadian Aspects of Acetylsalicylic Acid Induced Injury and Protective Effect of Ranitidine on the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract. In a randomised parallel double-blind study the gastric and duodenal effects of 300 mg acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, CAS 50-78-2) daily in the presence and absence of 150 mg ranitidine (Zantic, CAS 66357-35-5) daily was evaluated in 32 healthy volunteers undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Drugs were taken over a period of 7 days either at 8 a.m. (n = 16) or at 8 p.m. (n = 16). Endoscopic controls were performed at entry and repeated after 7 days of treatment. At entry both groups showed comparable mucosal damages: 8 a.m. group: ASA/placebo 0.8 +/- 0.1 (stomach) and 0.1 +/- 0.1 (duodenum): ASA/ranitidine 1.0 +/- 0.0 (stomach) and 0.07 +/- 0.06 (duodenum). 8 p.m. group: ASA/placebo 0.9 +/- 0.06 (stomach) and 0.1 +/- 0.09 (duodenum). ASA/ranitidine 0.8 +/- 0.08 (stomach) and 0.07 +/- 0.06 (duodenum). After 7 days of treatment the lesions score increased in the ASA/Placebo group in the 8 a.m. group to 9.1 +/- 1.1 (stomach) and 2.7 +/- 1.0 (duodenum), and in the 8 p.m. group to 10.9 +/- 1.1 (stomach) and to 3.9 +/- 0.9 duodenum). The corresponding values in the ASA/ranitidine group were 2.6 +/- 0.8 (stomach) and 0.2 +/- 0.08 (duodenum) (8 a.m.) and 4.8 +/- 0.8 (stomach) and 0.3 +/- 0.1 (duodenum) (8 p.m.). There was no statistical difference between the morning- and the evening dose of ASA. In addition, ranitidine protection was also time-independent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1994

The value of the historical perspective to contemporary psychoanalysis: Freud's 'seduction hypothesis'.

In this paper the authors re-examine the development of Freud's ideas on seduction, with a special focus on the evidence which Freud presented and upon which he relied as he attempted to confirm these ideas. Through this re-examination Freud's struggle with seductiveness, both in relation to his patients and in relation to his theories, comes to the fore. While the wish to be with the other through exerting an influence over him or her is perverted in the act of sexual seduction, it is, nevertheless, a force that must be recognised and contended with in other creative interchanges, including the analytic one. In studying Freud's struggle with this force, there is attained a better appreciation of the humanness, including the inevitable human limitations, of Freud and his thinking that rest at the foundation of psychoanalysis. This study thus has clear implications for the history of psychoanalysis, but, more importantly, it reveals the value for contemporary psychoanalysis in recognising this history.

Defense Mechanisms↗

PubMed1993

[A comparison of the gastroduodenal tolerance of ticlopidine and acetylsalicylic acid].

Changes in the gastroduodenal mucosa caused by 250 mg ticlopidine twice daily (group 1; n = 12) or 300 mg aspirin daily (group 2; n = 12) were compared in a randomized double-blind trial of 24 healthy men, aged 20 to 35 years. An oesophago-gastroduodenoscopy was performed before and after either drug had been taken for 7 days. Results were tabulated according to a uniform scoring system (normal mucosa, erythema, petechiae, erosions, ulcer, and blood in the lumen). Both groups had identical scores at the start of the trial (group 1: 0.9 +/- 0.1; group 2: 0.8 +/- 0.1). After the seven days, the score in group 2 had risen to 9.7 +/- 1.5 (median 9.0), while it had hardly changed in group 1 (1.7 +/- 0.5; median 1.0), a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). The data indicate that ticlopidine is better tolerated by the gastroduodenal mucosa than low dosage aspirin.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Activation of the Ca2+ "receptor" on the osteoclast by Ni2+ elicits cytosolic Ca2+ signals: evidence for receptor activation and inactivation, intracellular Ca2+ redistribution, and divalent cation modulation.

Earlier studies have demonstrated that a high (mM) extracellular Ca2+ concentration triggers intracellular [Ca2+] signals with a consequent inhibition of bone resorptive activity. We now report that micromolar concentrations of the divalent cation, Ni2+, elicited rapid and concentration-dependent elevations of cytosolic [Ca2+]. The peak change in cytosolic [Ca2+] increased monotonically with the application of [Ni2+] in the 50-5,000 microM range in solutions containing 1.25 mM-[Ca2+] and 0.8 mM-[Mg2+]. The resulting concentration-response function suggested Ni(2+)-induced activation of a single class of binding site (Hill coefficient = 1). The triggering process also exhibited a concentration-dependent inactivation in which conditioning Ni2+ applications in the range 5-1,500 microM-[Ni2+] inhibited subsequent responses to a maximally effective [Ni2+] of 5,000 microM. Ni(2+)-induced cytosolic [Ca2+] responses were not dependent on extracellular [Ca2+]. Thus, when 5,000 microM-[Ni2+] was applied to osteoclasts in Ca(2+)-free, ethylene glycol bis-(aminoethyl ether) tetraacetic acid (EGTA)-containing medium (< or = 5 nM-[Ca2+] and 0.8 mM-[Mg2+]), cytosolic [Ca2+] responses resembled those obtained in the presence of 1.25 mM-[Ca2+]. Prior depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores by ionomycin prevented Ni(2+)-induced cytosolic [Ca2+] responses, suggesting a major role for intracellular Ca2+ redistribution in the response to Ni2+. The effects of Ni2+ were also modulated by the extracellular concentration of the divalent cations, Ca2+ and Mg2+. When these cations were not added to the culture medium (0 microM-[Ca2+] and [Mg2+]), even low [Ni2+] ranging between 5 pM and 50 microM elicited progressively larger cytosolic [Ca2+] transients. However, the response magnitude decreased at higher, 250-5,000 microM-[Ni2+], resulting in a "hooked" concentration-response curve. Furthermore, increasing extracellular [Mg2+] or [Ca2+] (0-1 mM) diminished the response to 50 microM-[Ni2+], a concentration on the rising phase of the "hook." Similar increases (0-10 mM) in extracellular [Mg2+] or [Ca2+] increased the response to 5,000 microM-[Ni2+], a concentration on the falling phase of the "hook". These findings are consistent with the existence of a membrane receptor strongly sensitive to Ni2+ as well as the divalent cations, Ca2+ and Mg2+. Receptor occupancy apparently activates intracellular Ca2+ release followed by inactivation. Furthermore, repriming is independent of intracellular Ca2+ stores, suggesting that such inactivation operates at a transduction step between receptor occupancy and intracellular Ca2+ release.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Characterization and solubilization of testosterone 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in human hyperplastic prostate.

17 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase is a membrane-bound enzyme in human prostate. Solubilization of this enzyme can only be obtained in the presence of detergents. The optimal solubilization mixture contained 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer pH 9.0, 20% glycerol, 0.1 M KCl and 5 mg/ml of the non-ionic detergent N-octyl glucoside. In these conditions, the soluble fraction contained more than 90% of the enzymatic activity. A 2.5-fold increase of specific activity was obtained during solubilization under optimal conditions.

17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗

PubMed1993

Experimental corneal cryopreservation: impact of postmortem time on corneal endothelial cell survival.

Clinical and experimental studies with rabbit and human corneas have shown the correlation between short postmortem times and successful corneal cryopreservation. In this experimental study we investigated this phenomenon considering the latent freeze-thaw-induced cell damage. Enucleated eye-balls of freshly slaughtered pigs were stored in moist chambers at 4 degrees C for 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 72 h before cryopreservation. After thawing, the corneas were organ-cultured for 1 day. After staining with trypan blue and alizarin red S the tissue was evaluated morphometrically, calculating the amount of necrotic areas on the central corneal surface and the endothelial cell density. Corneas stored up to 32 h before cryopreservation showed no difference regarding the amount of necrosis and endothelial cell density compared to freshly cryopreserved tissue. Corneas stored 72 h before cryopreservation revealed no endothelial cell survival. We conclude that a post-mortem time of up to 32 h before corneal cryopreservation has no influence on endothelial cell survival.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Pancreatic gastrin stimulates islet differentiation of transforming growth factor alpha-induced ductular precursor cells.

Gastrin is transiently expressed in fetal islets during a critical period of their development from protodifferentiated islet precursors in fetal pancreatic ducts. To examine the possible role of gastrin as an islet cell growth factor, postnatal islet growth was studied in transgenic mice which overexpress gastrin and TGF alpha in their pancreas. Overexpression of a TGF alpha transgene causes metaplastic ductules containing numerous insulin expressing cells that resemble protodifferentiated precursors of the fetal pancreas. However, islet mass of the TGF alpha transgenic mice was not increased. Pancreatic overexpression of gastrin from a chimeric insulin/gastrin transgene transcribed from the insulin promoter markedly decreased the TGF alpha-stimulated increase in pancreatic duct mass. Furthermore, pancreatic coexpression of both gastrin and TGF alpha significantly increased islet mass in mice expressing both transgenes. These findings indicate that TGF alpha and gastrin can act synergistically to stimulate islet growth, although neither peptide alone is sufficient. Islet growth may possibly be stimulated through gastrin promoting the differentiation of insulin-positive cells in the TGF alpha-induced metaplastic ducts. This transgenic study suggests that islet neogenesis can be reactivated in the ductular epithelium of the adult pancreas by local expression of two growth factors, gastrin and TGF alpha.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

In search of psychoanalytic technique: perspectives from on the couch and from behind the couch.

The author's experience as a patient in analysis with four different analysts is recounted. Similarities and differences in technique, especially with regard to overall analytic atmosphere, use of interpretation, reconstruction of childhood, dream interpretation, self-revelations of the analyst, and the way politics was discussed are compared. The author concludes that major differences in personality and temperament of the four analysts made a substantial difference in the experience of analysis. Finally, the author discusses whether such differences are indeed important, and in what sense we can speak of the place of analytic technique. Is it a body of teaching and practice that is aimed at minimizing the differences attributable to individual analysts' style and temperament, or is it a body of teaching and practice, still to be elaborated, that gives us a full and flexible account of how analysts actually function?

Dreams↗

PubMed1993

[Nizatidine in therapy and prevention of non-steroidal anti-rheumatic drug-induced ulcers in rheumatic patients].

269 patients with various rheumatic disorders who had been treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) for at least three weeks, were enrolled in this randomised double-blind multicenter trial. Entry criteria were both the presence of an ulcer in gastric and/or duodenal mucosa (> 3 mm and < 20 mm in diameter) as well as dyspeptic symptoms. The patients had been treated with 150 mg nizatidine nocte (n = 86), 2 x 150 mg/d (n = 93) and 2 x 300 mg/d (n = 90) nizatidine. All patients continued to take their original NSAID-medication. The three nizatidine-groups had been well matched with respect to important patient characteristics. After 8 weeks of treatment more than 90% of gastric and duodenal ulcers had been healed under all three nizatidine-dosages. There was a tendency for higher healing rates in case of gastric ulcers after 4 weeks following the higher dose of nizatidine. Erosions in stomach and duodenum as well as esophagitis had been improved to a similar degree with all nizatidine doses. The same holds with respect to improvement of clinical symptoms such as epigastric pain, heartburn etc. Consumption of additional antacids was similar in all three groups. In the subsequent prophylactic trial 237/221 patients had been followed for 3/6 months. 116/107 received in addition to their continued antirheumatic medication nizatidine 150 mg nocte and 121/114 patients 2 x 150 mg nizatidine daily. The cumulative relapse rates within 6 months averaged 5.5% in the low and 1.8% in the high dose group (n.s.).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗

PubMed1993

[Circadian dependency of ibuprofen gastropathy and the protective effect of ranitidine. An endoscopic, controlled double-blind pilot study].

Circadian Dependency of Ibuprofen Gastropathy and Protective Effect of Ranitidine/An endoscopic, controlled double-blind pilot study. In a randomized parallel double-blind study, the gastric and duodenal effects of 600 mg S(+)-ibuprofen (CAS 15687-27-1) daily in the presence and absence of 300 mg ranitidine (CAS 66357-35-5) was evaluated in 20 healthy volunteers undergoing upper GI-endoscopy. Drugs were taken over a period of 7 days either at 8 a.m. (n = 10) or at 8 p.m. (n = 10). Endoscopic controls were performed at entry and repeated after 7 days of treatment. A damage score according to Lanza et al. was used. At entry both groups showed comparable mucosal damages. 8 a.m.-group: ibuprofen/placebo (stomach) 0.9 +/- 0.1 and 0.0 +/- 0.0 (duodenum); ibuprofen/ranitidine 0.8 +/- 0.1 (stomach) and 0.1 +/- 0.1 (duodenum). 8 p.m.-group: ibuprofen/placebo 0.9 +/- 0.1 (stomach) and 0.2 +/- 0.1 (duodenum); ibuprofen/ranitidine 0.9 +/- 0.1 (stomach) and 0.1 +/- 0.1 (duodenum). After 7 days of treatment the lesion score increased in the ibuprofen/placebo-group in the 8 a.m.-group to 3.2 +/- 1.2 (stomach) and to 0.7 +/- 0.5 (duodenum), and in the 8 p.m.-group to 8.4 +/- 1.9 (stomach) and to 2.9 +/- 1.2 (duodenum). The corresponding values in the ibuprofen/ranitidine-group were 1.8 +/- 0.8 (stomach) and 0.1 +/- 0.1 (duodenum) (8 a.m.-group) as well as 5.1 +/- 1.4 (stomach) and 0.1 +/- 0.1 (duodenum) (8 p.m.-group). The difference between the morning and the evening dose of ibuprofen as well as ranitidine protection reached statistical significance when the corresponding data were pooled (p < 0.05). Our data suggest that the gastrolesive effects of S(+)-ibuprofen are dependent of the time of drug ingestion; protection by ranitidine, however, was time-independent.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Cardiac natriuretic peptide hormones during artificial cardiac pacemaker stimulation and left heart catheterization.

Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is synthesized and released predominantly in the ventricular myocardium whereas atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is produced mainly in the atria. This study evaluated whether artificial pacemaker stimulation or left heart catheterization results in specific changes in BNP and ANP plasma levels. Both BNP and ANP responded sensitively to changes in pacemaker stimulation (single-chamber pacemakers; pacing rates of 72 and 92/min) and during the left heart catheterization procedure. However, whereas higher pacing resulted in a more pronounced increase in plasma BNP levels, a stronger ANP release followed catheterization. This incongruous rise in ANP and BNP plasma concentrations points to at least partly independent mechanisms governing the release of BNP and ANP.

Atrial Natriuretic Factor↗

PubMed1992

Partial purification of 3 alpha- and 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases from human hyperplastic prostate. Comparison between the two enzymes.

3 alpha-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 alpha-HSD) activity has been purified to homogeneity, the enzyme is a monomer with a Mw of 32,000 Da. 3 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD) activity has been partially purified and has an apparent Mw of 30,000 Da. Both enzymes have the same cofactor requirements, optimal pH. However, 3 beta-HSD appeared to be an integral protein dependent on protein environment for its activity while 3 alpha-HSD activity is a protein more loosely associated to membranes.

3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗