Biomedical subjects

B Sivapathasundharam

Publications and source records attributed to B Sivapathasundharam.

11 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2002

Expression of bcl-2 oncoprotien in oral squamous cell carcinoma--an immunohistochemical study.

Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignant neoplasm of the oral cavity. Number of mechanisms plays a role at the molecular level to transform normal cell into a neoplastic cell. There are a gamut of genes, which are expressed among which bcl-2, have gained a unique importance as inhibitor of apoptosis. In normal epithelial cells Bcl-2 is restricted to stem cells and cells which undergo mitosis. Bcl-2 blocks the post-mitotic phase from apoptosis. Reports of Bcl-2 protein expression in carcinomas are conflicting such as down regulation to elevated expression. In the present study 67 cases of squamous cell carcinomas of varying grades were studied and uniform cytoplasmic positivity were noted in 12 cases for Bcl-2 protein. Bcl-2 prolongs cell survival in epithelial cells and there by giving way to other external stimulus like action of carcinogens and viral agents and interaction with other genes and aids in progression to neoplasia. The possible roles of bcl-2 in the pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

AIDS awareness in an Indian metropolitan slum dweller: a KAP (knowledge, attitude, practice) study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the awareness and attitude towards AIDS and PLHA in slum dwellers of Chennai, an Indian metropolis by KAP (Knowledge, Attitude, Practice) study. METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted in a representative sample of 650 subjects (400 females and 250 females), aged 15-45 years, by means of a questionnaire in the local dialect Tamil. RESULTS: The overall literacy rate was 64%, with males being 70% and females being 60% literate. 20% of males and 11% of females do not know about a disease called AIDS. Only 67% of males and 55% of females are aware of the sexual mode of transmission. 34% of males and 50% females opine that AIDS is also a hereditary disease. Also 45% of males and 62% of females feel that AIDS also spreads by air, fomites, or mosquito-bite. Only 30% of males and 22% females know about the possible symptoms of AIDS. 30% of males and 45% of females never ask for a new syringe if not provided, as they are totally unaware of its significance. 43% of males and 78% of females do not know about the risk of a barber's blade. 56% of males and 71% of females feel that AIDS can be treated at least by a traditional medicine. Lastly, 48% of males and 60% females prefer outcasting an AIDS patient from the slum. CONCLUSIONS: AIDS awareness in the slum dwellers of Chennai is very poor. Corresponding awareness in suburbs and rural areas will be much worse. Conventional IEC methods targeting general population via mass media are not reaching the slum dwellers, even in a metropolitan city. A specially designed targeted intervention is needed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Calcifying odontogenic cyst. Report of two cases.

Calcifying odontogenic cyst(COC) is an uncommon developmental odontogenic cyst and was first described by Gorlin in 1962. It is considered as extremely rare and accounts for only 1% of the jaw cysts reported. Here, we present two cases of which one occurred in a 32 year old female with a swelling in the lower anterior region crossing the midline and another in a 29 year old male with a swelling in the upper anterior region without crossing the midline. The radiograph revealed a well circumscribed radiolucency in the first case and with some specks of opacities in the second case. It was not associated with any missing or impacted tooth. Histopathological examination was done with Hematoxylin and Eosin and in addition it was studied immunohistochemically for cytokeratin. The Classical histological features of lining epithelium in the form of cords, presence of ghost cells and some amount of dentinoid tissue were seen. The nature of COC is controversial. Here we have discussed the controversies regarding COC as well as the various proposed classifications for this lesion. Based on the histopathological findings, the diagnosis was confirmed as calcifying odontogenic cyst. These cases are presented here for its rarity.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Lip prints (cheiloscopy).

External surface of the lip has many elevations and depressions forming a characteristic pattern called lip prints, examination of which is referred to as cheiloscopy. This is unique for individuals like the finger prints. The biological phenomenon of systems of furrows on the red part of the human lips was first noted and described by anthropologist R.S. Fischer, in 1902. However until 1930, anthropology merely mentioned the existence of furrows without suggesting a practical use for the phenomenon. Since 1950, the Japanese have carried out extensive research in this matter. In the period 1968 to 1971, Y.T Suchhihashi and T. Suzuki examined 1364 persons at the department of forensic odontology at Tokyo university and established that the arrangement of lines on the red part of the human lips is individual and unique for each human being. Lip print recording is helpful in forensic investigation that deals with identification of humans, based on lip traces. A lip print may be revealed as a surface with visible elements of lines representing the furrows. This characteristic pattern helps to identify the individuals since it is unique for individuals. When the lines are not clear (Only the shape of lines is printed), individual identification of human being based on this trace is extremely difficult, unless the trace contains more individual characteristics like scars, clefts etc, and often identification ends with group identification.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Oral verruca vulgaris: report of a rare case.

The common wart or verruca vulgaris are lesions of childhood caused by HPV 2, 4, and 40. These are benign, elevated, firm nodules with characteristic papillomatous surface projections. The most common site of occurrence is the finger. Oral lesions are relatively rare and are usually caused by auto inoculation from lesions on the fingers and hands. We herewith report a case of oral verruca vulgaris that occurred in a middle-aged individual without any wart like lesions elsewhere in the body.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Malignant melanoma of the oral cavity--case reports and review of literature.

Melanoma is a malignant tumor of melanocytes or their precursor cells. It is the third most common skin cancer and is one of the most biologically unpredictable neoplasms. Sunlight is an important etiological factor in cutaneous melanoma. Oral melanoma is relatively uncommon, exhibiting a definite predilection for palate and maxillary gingiva, and is twice as common in males as in females. We herewith report three cases of oral melanoma out of which two occurred on the palate and one in the maxillary gingiva. Their clinical presentations, histopathology and management are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Primary de novo intraosseous carcinoma of the mandible--report of a case and review of literature.

Primary intraosseous carcinoma (PIOC) is a rare malignant odontogenic neoplasm defined as squamous cell carcinoma arising within thejaws, having no initial connection with the oral mucosa and presumably developing from the residues of the odontogenic eptihelium. A 37yr old male patient reported with the complaint of pain and swelling in the right mandible and inability to open his mouth for the past six months. Examination revealed an expansile mass that involved the right mandible and extended from the 1st premolar region to the right angle of the mandible. The alveolar ridge was markedly expanded and was covered with intact, normal appearing mucosa. Radiographic examination revealed an ill-defined radiolucent area in the right body of the mandible, which extended to the lower border. Histopathologic examination revealed a well differentiated keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma. PIOC has no specific histopathologic features and can be definitively diagnosed only upon fulfillment of various criteria. These criteria were followed in our case and reported here for its rarity.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cytological findings in iron deficiency anemia.

Iron deficiency anemia is a common condition in India. We made an attempt to study the cytological changes in the buccal mucosal cells of iron deficiency anemia, patients. Buccal mucosal cells were scraped from 40 iron deficiency anemia patients and were subjected to morphometric analysis. Results of the study showed there is an increase in the cellular diameter, nuclear diameter, and nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio of iron deficiency anemia patients when compared to the normal values.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cytomorphometric analysis of the buccal mucosa of tobacco users.

OBJECTIVE: This study has been carried out to assess the effect of tobacco smoking and of betel quid chewing with tobacco on buccal mucosa by cytomorphometry, in a south Indian population. STUDY DESIGN: Cellular diameter (CD) and nuclear diameter (ND) of exfoliated buccal squames obtained from clinically normal appearing buccal mucosa of tobacco smokers, betel quid with tobacco chewers, and those with a combined habit, stained by the Papanicolaou method, were measured. Non-users served as negative controls and oral squamous cell carcinomas in tobacco users served as positive controls. One way ANOVA test of the values obtained followed by multiple range comparison with Tukey-HSD procedure (at p=0.05) was carried out. RESULTS: A statistically significant reduction in CD and increase in ND in smokers and those with a combined habit were observed. CONCLUSION: The use of tobacco in the form of smoking influences the cytomorphology of buccal mucosa.

Areca↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Ameloblastic fibro odontoma.

Ameloblastic fibro odontoma is relatively a rare mixed odontogenic tumor comprising of ameloblastic fibroma and ameloblastic odontoma. This group of lesions represent neoplastic and hamartomatous changes. Data regarding age, sex, and site of occurrence of these lesions have been uniquely described. A case of ameloblastic fibro odontoma in a 17-year-old male involving the left body of the mandible, and its radiographic, clinical symptoms and histological features is described herewith. A conservative surgical approach, including enucleation and mechanical curettage of the surrounding bone was done.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Oral manifestations and analysis of salivary and blood urea levels of patients under going haemo dialysis and kidney transplant.

AIM AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate oral manifestations in patients with renal diseases and to correlate blood and salivary urea levels in patients undergoing haemodialysis and kidney transplant. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Study group subjects were selected from patients undergoing hemodialysis and patients who had underwent kidney transplant. Adequate history was recorded. All the groups were examined extra orally and intra orally and findings were recorded. SAMPLE COLLECTION: Venous blood was collected from the antecubital fossa in control group. In patients with renal disease undergoing dialysis, blood was collectedjust prior to the dialysis. Renal transplant patients' blood samples were collected during review visit. Unstimulated saliva was collected and submitted to the laboratory immediately for urea examination by an automated analyzer. RESULTS: Extra oral manifestations like swollen face, pale skin, pedal edema, and bruises on the skin, nausea and vomiting in nearly 50% of the patiens, and oral manifestations like uraemic odour, dry mouth, and altered taste sensation were noted. There was a correlation between blood urea and salivary urea concentration in patients under going hemodialysis and kidney transplant. CONCLUSION: Saliva can be used as a non-invasive diagnostic tool.

Adolescent↗