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Biomedical subjects

B Sjögren

Publications and source records attributed to B Sjögren.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Psychological complications after stillbirth--influence of memories and immediate management: population based study.

OBJECTIVE: To identify factors that may predict long term psychological complications among women who have had a stillborn child. DESIGN: Nationwide population based study using epidemiological methods. SUBJECTS: 380 subjects and 379 controls who had had a stillborn or non-deformed live child in Sweden in 1991. RESULTS: Information was provided by 636 (84%) women. The ratio (95% confidence interval) of proportions of women with symptoms related to anxiety above the 90th centile for women who had had a stillborn child compared with those who had not was 2.1 (1.2 to 3.9). An interval of 25 hours or more from the diagnosis of death in utero to the start of delivery gave a ratio of 4.8 (1.5 to 15.9). The ratio was 2.3 (1.1 to 5.3) for not seeing the child as long as the mother had wished and 3.1 (1.6 to 6.0) for no possession of a token of remembrance. CONCLUSION: It is advisable to induce the delivery as soon as feasible after the diagnosis of death in utero. A calm environment for the woman to spend as much time as she wants with her stillborn child is beneficial, and tokens of remembrance should be collected.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Psychological indications for prenatal diagnosis.

Women undergoing prenatal diagnosis (PND) for psychological reasons constitute a considerable proportion (10-20 per cent) of tests carried out on pregnant women. In these cases, the couple is below the lower limit for parental age, and there is no increased genetic risk. The aim of the present study was to describe the psychosocial background of women asking for PND on psychological grounds and to evaluate their wish for PND. A consecutive series of 51 women were interviewed in the 12th-15th week of gestation before attending for the test. Forty-five per cent were close to the limit for advanced maternal age (35-37 years). Most of them were educated and had stable partners; more than half of the women worked in nursing. Almost half (23/51) of them had previous psychic problems and 29/51 showed depressive mood. During childhood, 21 women had experienced severe disease or handicap. One-third (17/51) of them had been a consolidating member in their family. More than half (33/51) described considerable problems in relation to their mother or to motherhood and 10/51 in their relation to their father. Half of the women described at least three and only three women none of the following six identified predisposing factors: previous or present psychic insufficiency, experience of disability in childhood, role as a significant supporter in childhood, problems in relation to own mother, problems in relation to own father. These women's anxiety was understandable when their psychological history and current mental status were recognized. More than half of the women (29/51) were considered to have strong and 22 moderately strong psychological reasons for their desire to have prenatal diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Effects on the nervous system among welders exposed to aluminium and manganese.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose was to study the effects on the nervous system in welders exposed to aluminium and manganese. METHODS: The investigation included questionnaires on symptoms, psychological methods (simple reaction time, finger tapping speed and endurance, digit span, vocabulary, tracking, symbol digit, cylinders, olfactory threshold, Luria-Nebraska motor scale), neurophysiological methods (electroencephalography, event related auditory evoked potential (P-300), brainstem auditory evoked potential, and diadochokinesometry) and assessments of blood and urine concentrations of metals (aluminium, lead, and manganese). RESULTS: The welders exposed to aluminium (n = 38) reported more symptoms from the central nervous system than the control group (n = 39). They also had a decreased motor function in five tests. The effect was dose related in two of these five tests. The median exposure of aluminium welders was 7065 hours and they had about seven times higher concentrations of aluminium in urine than the controls. The welders exposed to manganese (n = 12) had a decreased motor function in five tests. An increased latency of event related auditory evoked potential was also found in this group. The median manganese exposure was 270 hours. These welders did not have higher concentrations of manganese in blood than the controls. CONCLUSIONS: The neurotoxic effects found in the groups of welders exposed to aluminium and manganese are probably caused by the aluminium and manganese exposure, respectively. These effects indicate a need for improvements in the work environments of these welders.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Psychic and social consequences of women in relation to memories of a stillborn child: a pilot study.

Prevalence and determinants of long-term psychosocial morbidity among women giving birth to a stillborn child are largely unknown. Few, if any, systematic epidemiologic studies are available. In this pilot study we investigated one alternative way to collect data from relevant patient populations and formulated some hypotheses. Moreover, questions found unhelpful in this context were identified, e.g., whether the mother had bathed her dead child or not. Fruitful hypotheses found worthwhile testing were, among others: the risk of long-term anxiety-related symptoms is reduced if (1) the woman has seen her stillborn child, (2) she has an ultrasonic or photographic picture of the child, and (3) she has gone through a ritual, primarily burial of the child; moreover, (4) divorce may be a social consequence of the intrauterine loss of a child.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

An international two-stage genome-wide search for schizophrenia susceptibility genes.

Schizophrenia is thought to be a multifactorial disease with complex mode of inheritance. Using a two-stage strategy for another complex disorder, a number of putative IDDM-susceptibility genes have recently been mapped. We now report the results of a two-stage genome-wide search for genes conferring susceptibility to schizophrenia. In stage I, model-free linkage analyses of large pedigrees from Iceland, a geographical isolate, revealed 26 loci suggestive of linkage. In stage II, ten of these were followed-up in a second international collaborative study comprising families from Austria, Canada, Germany, Italy, Scotland, Sweden, Taiwan and the United States. Potential linkage findings of stage I on chromosomes 6p, 9 and 20 were observed again in the second sample. Furthermore, in a third sample from China, fine mapping of the 6p region by association studies also showed evidence for linkage or linkage disequilibrium. Combining our results with other recent findings revealed significant evidence for linkage to an area distal of the HLA region on chromosome 6p. However, in a fourth sample from Europe, the 6p fine mapping finding observed in the Chinese sample could not be replicated. Finally, evidence suggestive of locus heterogeneity and oligogenic transmission in schizophrenia was obtained.

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20↗
PubMed1995

Sexual life in women after colectomy-proctomucosectomy with S-pouch.

In a consecutive series, 30 women were interviewed and gynecologically examined after pelvic pouch operation because of inflammatory bowel disease. The examination displayed: colpitis in two, bacterial vaginosis in one and cervical cancer in situ in one of the women. Unwanted infertility was reported by five women, probably due to female factors in three. Sixteen women had felt sexually unattractive by the temporary ileostomy. At follow-up, after closure of the ileostomy, 23 women experienced a considerable sexual desire, 28 could experience orgasm and 20 nearly always had orgasm at intercourse. Insufficient vaginal lubrication during intercourse was reported by seven women. This could be explained by hormonal or other factors in four women and might be owing to side-effects of the operation in three. Four women reported slight deep dyspareunia and one superficial dyspareunia. The result indicated a low frequency of sexual problems after pelvic pouch operation.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Progress in a genome scan for linkage in schizophrenia in a large Swedish kindred.

Genetic linkage studies of a kindred from Sweden segregating for schizophrenia have been performed using a genetic model (autosomal dominant, f = 0.72, q = 0.02, phenocopies = 0.001) as described in Kennedy et al., 1988. Analyses of the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), allele-specific oligonucleotides (ASO), and short tandem repeat (STR also called microsatellite) data for 180 polymorphisms (individual probe-enzyme, ASO, or STR systems) at 155 loci have been completed using the MLINK and LIPED programs. Linkage to schizophrenia was excluded, under the given model, at 47 loci; indeterminate lod scores occurred at 108 loci. The total exclusion region across 20 chromosomes is estimated at 330 cM; 211 cM excluded by pairwise analyses and 119 cM previously excluded by multipoint analyses (Kennedy et al., 1989: Schizophr Bull 15:383-391; Moises et al. 1991: Genet Epidemiol 2:99-110; Hallmayer et al., 1992: Arch Gen Psychiatry 49:216-219).

Alleles↗
PubMed1994

Asthma, lung function, and bronchial responsiveness in welders.

The incidence of asthma was compared in welders welding in stainless steel (SS) or mild steel (MS). The study was comprised of welders who had been welding for at least 6 months during the preceding 10 year period in four companies, but who had not been welding occupationally prior to this time. The inclusion criteria were met by 42 SS welders with a total welding time of 196 years. Sixteen of these had left work, six because of airway symptoms. Eighty-five MS welders with a total welding time of 403 years were included. Forty-eight of these had left work, 10 citing airway symptoms as a main reason for leaving work, according to responses in a mailed questionnaire. Ex-welders with airway symptoms were in some cases further investigated with spirometry and bronchial provocation tests. In other cases, medical records gave a clear diagnosis. In addition, bronchial responsiveness and lung function were measured and airway symptoms were recorded in presently active welders. Twenty-three of the 26 active SS steel welders and 23 of the 37 active MS steel welders were examined, together with a reference group of 26 (out of 30 invited) vehicle assemblers. There was no difference in the incidence of welding-associated asthma (5% for SS, 7% for MS welders per 1,000 welding-years). Bronchial responsiveness and lung function in active welders was normal and did not differ between MS and SS welders or between welders and a reference group of vehicle fitters. Welders had a significantly higher prevalence of airway symptoms as compared to vehicle fitters.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Gestational diabetes: a case-control study of women's experience of pregnancy, health and the child.

Women with previous gestational diabetes (n = 113) and controls (n = 226) were studied retrospectively by means of questionnaires. Women with gestational diabetes reported less well-being (p < 0.05), psychic health (p < 0.001) and vigour (p < 0.001) during pregnancy and a less positive experience of pregnancy (p < 0.001) than controls. They also recalled more worry about health during pregnancy than controls (p < 0.001), reported more physical health problems (p < 0.05), more worry about health (p < 0.05) and kept to a diet more often after pregnancy (women with gestational diabetes 34%, controls 13%, p < 0.001). Although most of the women in the groups were not troubled, it was clear that the gestational diabetes influenced their experience of health negatively but motivated them to adopt a healthy lifestyle. Initial treatment with insulin seemed to be slightly more stressful than diet only.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1994

Exposure to stainless steel welding fumes and lung cancer: a meta-analysis.

Stainless steel welding is associated with exposure to metals including hexavalent chromium and nickel. This study is a meta-analysis of five studies of stainless steel welders and the occurrence of lung cancer. Asbestos exposure and smoking habits have been taken into account. The calculated pooled relative risk estimate was 1.94 with a 95% confidence interval of 1.28-2.93. This result suggests a causal relation between exposure to stainless steel welding and lung cancer.

Causality↗
PubMed1993

Fatal cadmium-induced pneumonitis.

A previously relatively healthy 78-year-old man was exposed to cadmium fumes during brazing with cadmium-containing silver solder. He developed severe chemical pneumonitis and died 25 d after exposure.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Exclusion of linkage between the serotonin2 receptor and schizophrenia in a large Swedish kindred.

Family, twin, and adoption studies suggest that genetic factors play an important role in the etiology of schizophrenia. Detection of single gene(s) involved in a higher susceptibility to a hereditary disease is possible with linkage analysis. The effects of serotonin2-receptor antagonists on symptoms of schizophrenia suggest that a mutation in the gene coding for this receptor subtype might be involved in the pathophysiology of this disease. Recently a copy DNA encoding the serotonin 5-HT2 receptor has been isolated and with a human 5-HT2 receptor copy DNA probe the HTR2 locus has been mapped to chromosome 13. Using multipoint linkage analysis between schizophrenia and genetic markers spanning the region of the HTR2 locus, we were able to exclude linkage between this candidate gene and schizophrenia in a Swedish kindred. Given this result, we conclude that the serotonin 5-HT2 receptor gene itself is not a major susceptibility gene for schizophrenia in this family.

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13↗
PubMed1992

Future use and development of prenatal diagnosis. Consumers' attitudes.

The rapid progress of prenatal diagnosis and genetic tests makes it important to investigate attitudes towards this development. A total of 40 women and 20 men with personal experience of prenatal diagnosis for chromosome aberrations were interviewed about their moral opinion of the development. The majority (88 per cent) considered it certain or probable that all new methods developed will also be used in the future. The majority (62 per cent) were hesitant about testing for common disorders, e.g., diabetes mellitus and rheumatoid arthritis, but regarded it justified in some situations. One-third of the individuals (31 per cent) wanted some kind of restrictions for the use of the tests, but only 13 per cent recommended legislation for this purpose. The majority (84 per cent) believed that ethical principles are influenced by scientific progress. In most aspects, the women and their partners had similar attitudes. However, 82 per cent of the women but only 20 per cent of the men considered that the couple itself should decide about prenatal diagnosis. The results demonstrated a considerable respect regarding the difficult choices associated with the development of prenatal diagnosis, also among those who have decided favour of the test. The study indicated a greater need for autonomy among women than among men.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Colectomy-proctomucosectomy with S-pouch: operative procedures, complications, and functional outcome in 69 consecutive patients.

Sixty-nine patients were operated upon in a three-stage procedure. Early complications occurred in 29 percent after colectomy-ileostomy, in 25 percent after proctomucosectomy with ileoanal anastomosis and loop ileostomy, and in 9 percent after closure of loop ileostomy. Only three of these were considered serious. Seventy-one percent of the patients were readmitted into the hospital between the three operations or after the last one. Total hospital stay was 49 days (median); the range was 20 to 345 days. Reconstruction of the reservoir was performed in four patients owing to defecation problems, with satisfying functional results in two patients, while two emptied by catheter. There was no postoperative mortality or pelvic sepsis, and no pouches were excised. Ileostomy was re-established in two patients. At histopathologic re-evaluation of colectomy specimens, the diagnosis was changed from ulcerative colitis to Crohn's disease in three patients and to indeterminate colitis in five. Median follow-up was 4.3 years. Continent anal defecation without ileostomy was achieved in 67 patients (97 percent), with 4.1 bowel movements per day and 0.6 per night. Perfect continence was achieved in 55 percent in the daytime and in 43 percent at night. The low rate of reservoir-threatening complications is attributed to the three-stage procedure and the technical details in the surgical procedures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Evidence of aluminium accumulation in aluminium welders.

Using atomic absorption spectrometry the aluminium concentrations in blood and urine and in two iliac bone biopsies obtained from welders with long term exposure to fumes containing aluminium were measured. The urinary excretion of two workers who had welded for 20 and 21 years varied between 107 and 351 micrograms Al/l, more than 10 times the concentration found in persons without occupational exposure. Urinary aluminium excretion remained high many years after stopping exposure. Blood and bone aluminium concentrations (4-53 micrograms Al/l and 18-29 micrograms Al/g respectively) were also raised but not to the same extent as urine excretion. It is concluded that long term exposure to aluminium by inhalation gives rise to accumulation of aluminium in the body and skeleton of health persons, and that the elimination of retained aluminium is very slow, in the order of several years.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1991

Blood and urine concentrations of aluminium among workers exposed to aluminium flake powders.

In a group of workers exposed to aluminium flake powders, blood and urine concentrations of aluminium were assessed before and after vacation. Another group was investigated after retirement. Workers currently exposed to aluminium flake powders had urinary concentrations of the metal 80-90 times higher than those in occupationally non-exposed referents. The calculated half life for concentrations of aluminium in urine was five to six weeks based on four to five weeks of non-exposure. Among the retired workers the half lives varied from less than one up to eight years and were related to the number of years since retirement. These results indicate that aluminium is retained and stored in several compartments of the body and eliminated from these compartments at different rates.

Adult↗