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Biomedical subjects

B Ström

Publications and source records attributed to B Ström.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

In vitro characteristics of canine spermatozoa subjected to two methods of cryopreservation.

The in vitro viability of canine spermatozoa was evaluated after freezing-thawing using the Andersen method, and the commercial CLONE method. These methods differ in the extenders used, number of dilution steps, and equilibration times as well as in both freezing and thawing techniques and rates. Insemination with semen frozen-thawed by either method gives high whelping rates in practice, implying that dog spermatozoa can retain their fertilizing ability after being subjected to widely different preservation methods. The in vitro viability of spermatozoa processed by these methods has not been previously evaluated in detail. Three ejaculates were collected from each of 5 fertile dogs. Each ejaculate was divided into 2 parts and frozen in medium straws according to the 2 methods. Two straws were thawed and examined from each freezing batch. Sperm motility was assessed in the undiluted semen, and in frozen-thawed semen immediately after thawing, and after storage for 3, 6 and 24 h at room temperature (Straw 1) or 1, 2 and 3 h at 37 degrees C (Straw 2, thermoresistance test). The integrity of the sperm plasma membrane was evaluated in undiluted, in equilibrated (diluted and chilled), and in frozen-thawed spermatozoa using fluorophore probes. The acrosome morphology of frozen-thawed spermatozoa was assessed using a commercial stain (Spermac). Motility immediately after thawing was significantly higher with the CLONE method (75.3% [SD = 4.0] for Straw 1 and 73.7% [SD = 3.2] for Straw 2) than with the Andersen method (70.0% [SD = 5.1] and 69.7% [SD = 3.2]). Motility decreased during storage after thawing. Spermatozoa frozen-thawed using the CLONE method showed a significantly lower thermoresistance. The proportion of spermatozoa with intact plasma membrane was not affected by the equilibration procedure used with either method but was significantly decreased (P < 0.001) after thawing with both methods. The percentage of spermatozoa exhibiting changes thought to represent different stages of acrosomal degradation, was 45.7% (SD = 5.3) using the Andersen method and 44.1% (SD = 9,4) using the CLONE method. Both cryopreservation methods thus resulted in high initial post-thaw sperm motility and membrane integrity but low thermoresistance, and under both methods a large proportion of sperm cells were undergoing acrosomal degradation. The methods differed significantly in terms of their effect on sperm motility but not on plasma membrane integrity or acrosomal morphology.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

Effects of equex STM paste on viability of frozen-thawed dog spermatozoa during in vitro incubation at 38 degrees C.

In the canine, artificial insemination with cryopreserved semen generally yields lower pregnancy rates with vaginal deposition than with uterine deposition, one of the reasons being the shortened life span of frozen-thawed spermatozoa. The incubation of spermatozoa at body temperature partially mimics the situation in vivo, and evaluation of the kinetics of viability loss under these conditions can be used to measure the damage caused by freezing and thawing procedures. In this study, 2 aliquots were separated from split ejaculates collected from 7 dogs and were frozen by lowering the straws, in 3 steps, into an LN(2) tank after dilution with egg yolk Tris-citrate-glucose extender with or without the addition of 0.5% Equex STM paste. Motility and plasma membrane integrity (evaluated with the combined fluorescent probes 6-carboxyfluorescein diacetate and propidium iodide) were assessed immediately after thawing and over the next 3 h at 38 degrees C. The addition of Equex STM paste significantly increased the proportion of spermatozoa having an intact plasmalemma immediately after thawing compared with the control. It also increased the longevity of the thawed spermatozoa, prolonging the maintenance of both motility and plasma membrane integrity.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

Sperm morphology is better in the second ejaculate than in the first in domestic cats electroejaculated twice during the same period of anesthesia.

Several species produce ejaculates of inferior quality after a period of sexual abstinence, but the frequency of semen collection has thus far not been shown to affect sperm morphology in felids. The aim of this study was to determine whether sperm morphology and motility would differ between 2 ejaculates collected from the same cat within a short interval. Fifteen male domestic cats were anesthetized and then electroejaculated twice, with a 5- to 10-min interval between treatments. A standardized electroejaculation regimen was used with 80 stimuli, from 2 to 5 V, for each ejaculate. The first ejaculates contained significantly higher (P < 0.05) proportions of distal droplets, coiled tails and immotile spermatozoa than the second ejaculates, which contained significantly higher proportions of morphologically normal spermatozoa (40.9 vs 54.6%) but a lower sperm count (39.0 x 10(6) vs 5.2 x 10(6)). The higher proportions of defective spermatozoa and the lower motility in the first ejaculate than in the second were probably due to the aging of spermatozoa in the epididymis. These results show that the second ejaculate collected within a short interval has better sperm morphology and motility than the first and that this should be considered when evaluating semen quality in the domestic cat and when collecting cat semen to be used for artificial insemination or to be frozen for storage.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

Reproductive disorders in 10 domestic male cats.

This study describes 10 tomcats with different reproductive disorders. Two of the cats had abnormal sex chromosomes; one was a tortoiseshell and white Cornish rex, while the other was a brown Burmese. The other eight cats were diagnosed as having testicular hypoplasia, diphallos in combination with unilateral cryptorchidism, a persistent penile frenulum, retrograde ejaculation, temporary oligozoospermia, teratozoospermia, azoospermia and congenital poor libido. For the cat with a persistent penile frenulum, and the cat with a temporary oligozoospermia, the prognosis for successful reproduction was considered favourable. By contrast it was considered unlikely that the cats with chromosomal abnormalities, testicular hypoplasia, diphallos, retrograde ejaculation, teratozoospermia and azoospermia would be able to produce offspring.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Effects of seminal plasma and three extenders on canine semen stored at 4 degrees C.

Semen preservation and artificial insemination (AI) in the canine has become a common practice in veterinary medicine. Chilled dog semen is easy to handle, and several extenders can be used. The aim of this study was to compare the effects on canine spermatozoa of seminal plasma and 3 extenders commonly used for chilled semen preservation in clinical practice. The characteristics evaluated were sperm motility; velocity; plasma membrane status (assessed with a fluorescence staining technique and hypo-osmotic swelling test); acrosome morphology; semen pH; and semen osmolarity. These criteria were monitored daily in the ejaculates of 11 dogs. The ejaculates were divided into 4 aliquots. Each aliquot was extended in autologous seminal plasma, egg-yolk Tris, egg-yolk milk or egg-yolk cream and preserved at 4 degrees C for 4 d. In 10 of 11 semen samples extended in autologous seminal plasma, motility had already decreased to 0% by Day 2, and the percentage of spermatozoa with intact membranes was lower than in the 3 extenders (P < 0.05). Motility up to Day 4 was higher in egg-yolk Tris-stored spermatozoa (53.6%) than in those preserved in egg-yolk milk (30.4%) and egg-yolk cream (14.1%). Spermatozoa stored in egg-yolk Tris also had the highest sperm velocity, whereas no difference was found in plasma membrane or acrosome status (P>0.05). Egg-yolk Tris extender seems to be superior to the other extenders tested, to preserve dog semen at 4 degrees C, although differences were not significant for all the parameters.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1993

Effects of ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole on the vaginal bacterial flora of bitches.

Vaginal aerobic bacterial flora was studied in 5 healthy bitches before, during, and after a 10-day period of treatment with ampicillin and an equally long period of treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Blood variables and antimicrobial drug susceptibility also were studied. Bacteria were isolated from all bitches before the first treatment period. Bitches from which only a sparse number of bacteria were isolated had flora that varied from day to day. In most instances when bitches were given an antibiotic to which their vaginal bacterial flora was susceptible, these bacteria were eradicated after only 1 day of treatment. This was true for pasteurella, streptococci, and, in all but one case, Escherichia coli. Staphylococcus intermedius was more difficult to eradicate, and, although susceptible in vitro, it was unaffected by antibiotic treatment in 1 bitch and it took 7 days to eradicate in another. Eradication of aerobic bacteria in the vagina was total only in the bitch that had sparse flora from the beginning. Bacteria colonized within 0 (in 4/5 bitches) to 4 days after termination of treatment with ampicillin and within 0 (in 4/5 bitches) to 3 days for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Mycoplasmas emerged during and after both treatment periods, and E coli became apparent during treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Because mycoplasmas may be genital pathogens in bitches and E coli is a common uropathogen, their appearance should be an argument against widespread use of antibiotics in healthy breeding bitches. Two bitches developed a vaginal discharge during treatment or shortly after. Blood variables did not change during the study, nor did antimicrobial drug resistance of the isolated bacteria.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1991

Computerized patient record system for the glaucoma ward.

A system for computerized glaucoma patient record, developed from a data base called 'Advanced Revelation', is described. The record is made up from free text as well as from choices among listed alternatives. All data are stored on magnetic media and also printed out on paper in a well disposed and easily surveyable form. Apart from saving personnel and time in the clinical routine, the main advantages of the system is a powerful tool for clinical research. Data retrieval occurs on 'list', 'count', or 'sort' orders, facilitating retrospective studies. The system has been used for over a year at a glaucoma ward (Lund) to increasing satisfaction.

Glaucoma↗
PubMed1984

Surgery of the brachial plexus.

The principles and difficulties of surgery of brachial plexus lesions in 52 cases are reported. In 22 cases there was avulsion of one or more roots. Six lesions were infraclavicular. Reconstruction by means of autologous grafts was performed in 24 cases, neurolysis in 14 cases, direct suture in two cases, and intercostal neurotization in 12 avulsion cases. Fifty-one patients were evaluated on average 4 years after the operation. The result was good in 19 cases, fair in 13 cases and poor or nil in 19 cases. Regained function was best at the level of the elbow. Functional recovery of M. biceps after fascicular grafting was achieved in 16 cases. In neurotization cases, functional recovery was achieved in four cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Bronchodilatory and circulatory effects of two doses of a beta2-agonist (terbutaline) inhaled with IPPB in patients with reversible airways obstruction.

A beta2-receptor agonist, terbutaline (Bricanyl), in doses of 2.5 and 5 mg was inhaled by IPPB with a Bird Mark 8 in a double-blind cross-over randomized study on consecutive days in 12 patients with at least 15% reversibility of PEFR or FEV 1.0. One minute after the inhalation of 2.5 mg, PEFR had increased significantly; the greatest effect (+ 34%) was recorded after 120 min. After 5 mg the increase was more marked, with the greatest recorded effect (+ 43%) after 120 min; FEV1 and VC showed similar changes with a tendency towards greater and longer effects after the larger dose. Heart rate did not change. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures decreased at the most with 9 and 5 mmHg respectively, 30 min after 5 mg terbutaline. One patient reported tremor and palpitations 5 min after inhaling 5 mg. Our patients who were treated with beta-adrenergic drugs showed less systemic effects after the same dose of terbutaline than previously non-treated normal subjects in an earlier study. This may support recent findings of drug-induced tolerance to beta-stimulating agents in the heart and skeletal muscles with preservation of good effect on the airway smooth muscles, here shown as having a good residual bronchodilatory effect with clinically non-important effects on heart rate and tremor.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Bronchodilatory and circulatory effects of inhaling increasing doses of an anti-cholinergic drug, ipratropium bromide (SCH 1000).

Dynamic spirometry with flow-volume curves and measurement of static lung volumes in a body plethysmograph were done in 11 patients with reversible airways obstruction before and up to 240 min after inhalation of 20 mug SCH 1000 and of another 40 mug 60 min later. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), vital capacity (VC) and maximal expiratory flow at 50% VC (V 50% VC) increased successively, reaching maximum after 120 min. In a second part of the study 13 patients inhaled 2+4+8 puffs of SCH 1000 (280 mug in all) at 30-min intervals. PEFR increased significantly up to 224 l/min (44% of predicted normal), with increasing number of SCH 1000 inhalations; no further general effect occurred after additional 3 puffs of terbutaline. Heart rate and blood pressure showed no clinically significant changes. No subjective or objective side-effects were noted.

Adult↗