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Biomedical subjects

B Stray-Pedersen

Publications and source records attributed to B Stray-Pedersen.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Infertility and uterine colonization with Ureaplasma urealyticum.

Samples of cervical mucus and endometrial tissue from 379 women who were infertile for various reasons were examined for the presence of Ureaplasma urealyticum, and the results were compared with those obtained in 40 fertile women. In the cervical samples U. urealyticum was present in about half of the women in both groups, whereas positive cultures from the endometrium were obtained significantly more often among the infertile patients (26%) than among the controls (7.5%). Between the different infertility subgroups (unaccountable infertility, infertility caused by tubal abnormalities, husband infertility and other known causes) no significant differences were found. The presence of U. urealyticum in the endometrium was asymptomatic and was not related to prior pelvic inflammatory disease. In 14% of the Ureaplasma-positive endometria, aerobic or anaerobic bacteria were demonstrated. A treatment trial was also included in the study, but did not arrive at any definite conclusion as to the specific role of endometrial Ureaplasma colonization in infertility.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1982

Economic evaluation of different vaccination programmes to prevent congenital rubella.

Vaccination against rubella was introduced in Norway in 1978. Without any vaccination policy the frequency of congenital rubella is estimated at 0.4 per 1000 births. In this paper the consequences and effectiveness of the various vaccination programmes are evaluated by applying a cost benefit model. Economically, all strategies to prevent congenital rubella turn out to be cost effective. However, based on the benefit/cost ratios and the net benefit the following recommendation can be made: vaccination, preferentially with the polyvalent vaccine, should be offered to all girls in puberty as a permanent running programme. In addition, this policy should be supplemented for one or two decades with a programme offering vaccination to non-immunized women after delivery and to women especially at risk of exposure. However, if the participation and acceptance rate of the vaccination is less than 100%, permanent vaccination offered at two different ages (i e in childhood and in puberty) gives the best results in the prevention of congenital cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

A rubella epidemic in an unvaccinated pregnant population. I. Screening methods and serological results.

During the 1974 rubella epidemic in Oslo, paired sera from 7781 pregnant women were examined for rubella-specific IgG antibodies using the single radial haemolysis (SRH) test. 12.4% of the women with seronegative in early pregnancy, with no significant variations between the different age groups. In the seropositive samples, there was a mean decrease in the rubella IgG concentration of about 30% during 22 gestational weeks. 53 seroconversions were found. In addition, 22 primary infections were detected by the demonstration of rubella specific IgM antibodies using an indirect immunofluorescence test. The persistence of the rubella IgM antibodies was examined and a large individual variation was found, from less than 1 month up to 4 months after onset of the disease. The serological techniques, particularly the SRH test, were found to be well suited for mass screening.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1981

A rubella epidemic in an unvaccinated pregnant population. 2. Seroepidemiology.

The study is based upon primary rubella infections detected in a collection of 7,781 serum pairs from as many pregnant women out of a total number of about 12,500 in the Oslo area of Norway in 1974. In the spring of that year, a rubella outbreak occurred. The results obtained on the serum pairs were compared and supplemented with acute serodiagnostic data obtained from the files of the virus laboratories, informations obtained from the mothers when interviewed in 1976 and from the files of application for legal abortions. From October 1973 through December 1975 a total of 118 serologically confirmed pregnancy infections were detected in the area, 94 of which took place between February and July 1974. The year following the outbreak showed scattered cases, whereas the last half of 1975 was free of cases. The pairs of the collection covered about one third of the pregnancy months occurring between February 1974 through January 1975, and the rubella infections diagnosed by seroconversion during this period indicated an attack rate for the epidemic period of 2.8% pregnancy months, and 0.35% for the post-epidemic period. 50% of the infections went unrecognised when they occurred, whereas only 17% seemed to have been subclinical. It is estimated that at least 9 children may have been born with rubella sequelae following infections during this period, when the legal abortions because of rubella in taken into consideration.

Child↗
PubMed1981

In vitro lymphocyte stimulation with specific antigen in congenital toxoplasmosis.

The development of specific cell mediated immunity was studied in children with congenital toxoplasmosis and the in vitro lymphocyte stimulation test (LST) evaluated as diagnostic test for congenital infection. The test was performed in 35 children, including 5 with a confirmed or suspected congenital toxoplasmosis and for comparison, in 19 dye test positive and 7 negative women. The development of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) seemed to follow approximately the same time course in children with congenital toxoplasmosis as in adults with toxoplasmosis. The lymphocyte responses to toxoplasma antigen were low during the first year, but increased markedly during the second and third years after infection. Chemotherapy during the first year of life did not prevent the later development of DTH. It is concluded that a positive LST during the first year of life may be an indication of congenital toxoplasmosis. A negative test is not decisive.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

A prospective study of acquired toxoplasmosis among 8,043 pregnant women in the Oslo area.

A prospective serologic study of acquired toxoplasmosis has been carried out among 8,043 pregnant women in the Oslo area by means of the DT and IgG-IFAT tests on paired blood samples collected on an average in gestational weeks 13 and 35. The screening results indicated that 54 women had to be considered as having potential "risk pregnancies" and they were selected for special follow-up studies. Thirteen women were found to have acquired a toxoplasma infection during pregnancy. The outcome of these pregnancies was: two spontaneous abortions and probably four congenitally infected children. In three of these cases parasites could be demonstrated in the placenta and/or amniotic fluid. This gives a transmission rate of 46% and an incidence of congenital toxoplasmosis of nearly 1/1,000 births.

Female↗
PubMed1980

Infants potentially at risk for congenital toxoplasmosis: a prospective study.

Fifty-two children were selected as being potentially at risk for congenital toxoplasmosis by serologic testing of 8,043 pregnant women in the Oslo area. These infants were then studied during the neonatal period and subsequently followed up for three years. Three were found to be congenitally infected with Toxoplasma gondii, and one infant was dysmature at birth. The diagnosis was confirmed by persistent dye-test antibodies and by recovery of parasites in placenta and/or amniotic fluid. The Toxoplasma indirect fluorescent IgM-antibody test remained negative, while measurements of cord IgM and IgA levels and serial estimations of specific antibody load supported an early diagnosis. The specific cell-mediated immunity, as measured by the in vitro lymphocyte stimulation test, turned positive at 1 year of age and then increased markedly during the second and third years. The lymphocyte responses of the uninfected children, however, remained negative. The infected children received pyrimethamine/sulfadiazine treatment during their first year, with no clinical signs of congenital toxoplasmosis.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1980

Epidemiological aspects of Toxoplasma infections among women in Norway.

In order to elucidate some of the epidemiological factors involved in the acquisition of Toxoplasma infections in Norway, 196 women were requested to answer a series of questions in their post-natal periods. Of these women, 27 had recently been infected with T. gondii, 84 had old infections, and 85 were non-infected. The answers given indicated that frequent intake of raw meat and frequent travelling abroad, especially to countries with high infection risks, were of great significance for the contamination among adults. Living in rural districts appeared to represent a predisposing factor for the acquisition at younger ages. Contacts with animals, especially cats, were not shown to increase the infection risk. With special reference to the results obtained, a list of instructions to sero-negative pregnant women is proposed in order to prevent congenital toxoplasmosis in the Scandinavian countries.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Cost-benefit analysis of a prenatal preventive programme against congenital syphilis.

Serologic screening of pregnant women to prevent congenital syphilis has been obligatory in Norway since 1948. Today the incidence of unrecognized, untreated maternal syphilis is approximately 0.2 per 1000 pregnancies. A cost-benefit model is applied to the current prenatal screening programme in Norway. Although may of the benefit parameters are given only an approximate value, or are not valued at all, it was found that the benefit-cost ratio was nearly 2 (1.9), indicating that the economic benefits or savings to the society represent twice the cost of the preventive programme.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed1979

The prevalence of toxoplasma antibodies among 11,736 pregnant women in Norway.

A serologic screening for toxoplasma antibodies by dye test (DT) and IgG indirect fluorescent antibody test (IgG-IFAT) has been carried out among 10729 pregnant women in the Oslo area and 1 007 pregnant women from the county of Møre and Romsdal situated on the west coast of Norway. The frequency of toxoplasma antibodies was found to be higher in women living in rural areas and a higher prevalence was observed among women living in the western districts of Oslo than among women from the eastern districts of the city. The mean frequency of DT antibodies was found to be 12.5% in the Oslo area and 13.3% in Møre and Romsdal, whereas the yearly incidence of acquired infections in the two areas was found to be 5 and 2.3%, respectively. The predicted incidence of congenital toxoplasmosis in the Oslo area, and presumably also in the whole country, would represent 2% of all pregnancies. No serologic differences were found when women with prior histories of either sporadic or habitual abortions were compared to a total group of multigravidae among the Oslo women.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1979

Estimations of the incidences of toxoplasma infections among pregnant women from different areas in Norway.

2342 male military recruits from different parts of Norway were selected for serological screening with the dye test or the IgG-indirect fluorescent antibody test. The highest frequency of toxoplasma antibodies was observed in the south-western areas (27%), whereas the prevalence was found to be as low as 2% in the northermost areas of the country. On the basis of the prevalence values obtained in the different counties, the incidence rates for acquired infections in the pregnant population have been calculated. The annual incidence in Norway was estimated to be 4 0/00 and the incidence of congenital toxoplasmosis would be maximally 2 0/00 (or about 110 cases/year).

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Uterine T-mycoplasma colonization in reproductive failure.

In 46 patients with a history of habitual abortion and in 18 women with primary unexplained infertility, samples from cervical mucus and endometrial tissue have been examined for presence of T-mycoplasma, and the results compared to those obtained among 45 control subjects. Colonization of T-mycoplasma in the cervix was found to be common in all patient groups (49 to 83 per cent), whereas colonization in the endometrium was found to be significantly more frequent among the habitual abortion patients (28 per cent) and the infertility patients (50 per cent) than among the control subjects (7 per cent). In all patients having T-mycoplasma-positive endometria the organism was also isolated from the cervix, thus indicating an ascending route for the colonization of the uterine cavity. Bacteria belonging to the normal vaginal flora were frequently co-isolated from the endometrial samples along with T-mycoplasma. The women with T-mycoplasma-positive endometria showed a high incidence of postabortion fever. Treatment with doxycycline eradicated T-mycoplasma from the cervix and the endometrium and apparently led to an improvement with respect to the outcome of the posttreatment pregnancies.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMed1977

Uterine toxoplasma infections and repeated abortions.

Serologic testing for Toxoplasma antibodies (dye test, indirect fluorescent antibody test on serum, and complement-fixation test) was done in 96 women with habitual abortions and 61 women with sporadic abortions. In 61 of these women, endometrial biopsies were examined for content of T. gondii (animal inoculation procedures, immunofluorescence microscopy). Control subjects were 59 women with no spontaneous abortions. In seven patients (one control patient and six with habitual abortion), tachyzoites of T. gondii were observed in repeated biopsies from the endometrium and in menstrual blood by the immunofluorescence method. In no case, however, could T. gondii be isolated from the endometrium by inoculations. Moreover, the serologic results obtained among the patients with habitual abortion did not differ significantly from those obtained among the ones with sporadic abortion or among the control subjects. Five of the women with Toxoplasma-positive endometrium were serologically negative. Treatment of the Toxoplasma-positive women with antitoxoplasma drugs led to removal of parasites from the endometrium. T. gondii was not observed in the semen of the husbands.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMed1973

[The minipill].

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Contraceptives, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Induced abortion: microbiological screening and medical complications.

Preoperative cervical screening of 1,193 women undergoing first-trimester induced abortions yielded Chlamydia trachomatis in 11.7%, Neisseria gonorrhoeae in 0.8%, Mycoplasma hominis in 22.1%, Ureaplasma urealyticum in 10.1%, herpes simplex virus in 0.9% and Group B streptococci (GBS) in 2.9%. C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae were especially frequent among teenagers. A total of 2.2% (26 women) developed postoperative pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and 0.9% (13 women) endometritis. PID developed significantly more often in untreated chlamydia-positive (22.7%), M. hominis-positive (8.1%) and GBS-positive (6.1%) women than in women without these microbes (0.5%) (p less than 0.05). Prompt treatment of the chlamydia infection before or in connection with the abortion procedure significantly decreased the likelihood of developing chlamydial PID from 22.7% to 2.1% (p less than 0.001). The study confirms the importance of preoperative screening for chlamydia and suggests screening for M. hominis and GBS as well. The results of screening should be available before the abortion, allowing patients to be treated pre- or peroperatively.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Complaints and complications in pregnancy: a study of ethnic Norwegian and ethnic Pakistani women in Oslo.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the pattern of complaints and complications in pregnancy among ethnic Norwegian and ethnic Pakistani women in Oslo in order to modify antenatal care services. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study of hospital patients conducted in community hospitals in Oslo, Norway. A total of 137 obstetrical patients, 66 ethnic Pakistani and 71 ethnic Norwegian women were included in the study. Medical complications and subjective reported physical complaints during pregnancy were the main outcome measures. RESULTS: Among the ethnic Pakistani women complications were more common and the risks were higher for gestational diabetes [crude odds ratio (OR) = 5.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.5-20.5), intrauterine growth retardation (crude OR = 5.0, 95% CI = 1.4-18.8), hyperemesis gravidarum (crude OR = 3.7, 95% CI = 1.1-12.2) and anaemia (crude OR = 10.2, 95% CI = 3.3-31.4). The frequency of congenital malformations (p = 0.048, OR not calculated) were also higher. Among the ethnic Norwegian women the frequency of subjective reported physical complaints were more common and the risks were higher for pelvic girdle pain (crude OR = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.2-0.8) and exhaustion (crude OR = 0.2, 95% CI = 0.04-0.1). Infections such as hepatitis and tuberculosis only occurred in the Pakistani study group. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that health personnel delivering antenatal care to women of Pakistani origin need to be watchful for the following conditions: gestational diabetes, hyperemesis gravidarum, early diagnosis of the type of anaemia, fetal malformations and infections like hepatitis and tuberculosis. In addition, a correct diagnosis of intrauterine growth retardation is important. Among ethnic Norwegian women pelvic girdle pain and exhaustion were common complaints.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A systematic review of the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis among European women.

The study aim was to establish by systematic review the prevalence of asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis infection of the lower female genital tract in Europe and also to assess the extent and effect of screening. The search process was wide ranging, using the electronic databases Medline, Embase and Aidsline and the Internet using the search engines Netscape and Euro-ferret. Studies published in any language during 1980-2000 were included if they unambiguously reported prevalence of C. trachomatis infection in asymptomatic women, and were assessed qualitatively. From >300 papers which quantified C. trachomatis urogenital infection, only 14 studies met the inclusion criteria: four from the UK, two from Sweden, two from The Netherlands, and one each from Bulgaria, France, Finland, Hungary, Italy and Spain. In only one study had screening taken place. The prevalence of C. trachomatis in unscreened asymptomatic women in Europe ranges from 1.7 to 17% depending upon the setting, context and country. The mode was -6% for women seeking contraception, and 4% for women having cervical smears. In conclusion, this review confirms high prevalence rates of C. trachomatis infection among asymptomatic women in many European settings.

Chlamydia Infections↗