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Biomedical subjects

B Sullivan

Publications and source records attributed to B Sullivan.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Hysteroscopic resection of fibroid with thermal injury to sigmoid.

BACKGROUND: Hysteroscopy is being used increasingly, especially as a means of performing uterine surgery. Uterine perforation is the most frequent complication of hysteroscopy. CASE: A 31-year-old woman sustained uterine perforation with a resectoscope during hysteroscopic resection of a pedunculated myoma. The perforation was identified laparoscopically, but laparotomy was necessary to assess the pelvic viscera fully. Perforation of the sigmoid was discovered and the defect was repaired primarily. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopy may be insufficient to evaluate fully the possible sequelae of uterine perforation. Penetrating thermal injury to the colon can be managed successfully with primary repair.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Cytotoxic properties of DAB486EGF and DAB389EGF, epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor-targeted fusion toxins.

Elevated expression of the receptor for epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a characteristic of several malignancies including those of the breast, bladder, prostate, lung, and neuroglia. To therapeutically target the cytotoxic action of diphtheria toxin to EGF receptor-expressing tumor cells, we have constructed a hybrid gene in which the sequences for the binding domain of diphtheria toxin have been replaced by those for human EGF. The resulting fusion toxins, DAB486EGF and DAB389EGF, bind specifically to the EGF receptor and inhibit protein synthesis in a variety of EGF receptor expressing human tumor cell lines with an IC50 as low as 0.1 pM. Comparisons of DAB486EGF and DAB389EGF showed that DAB389EGF was consistently 10- to 100-fold more cytotoxic than DAB486EGF. Like diphtheria toxin, the cytotoxic action of DAB389EGF results from ADP-ribosylation of elongation factor-2 and is sensitive to the action of chloroquine. Studies of the kinetics of cellular intoxication showed that a 15-min exposure of EGF receptor-expressing A431 cells to DAB389EGF results in complete protein synthesis inhibition within 4 h. Furthermore, inhibition of protein synthesis results in elimination of human tumor cell colonies. These findings show that DAB389EGF is a potential therapeutic agent for a wide variety of EGF receptor-expressing solid tumors.

Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose↗
PubMed1991

Occlusal contacts: comparison of orthodontic patients, posttreatment patients, and untreated controls.

Orthodontic treatment may severely alter tooth contacts during early treatment, but after its completion the number of contracts increases with settling of the occlusion. Long-term changes are sparsely documented and this investigation examined changes by comparing adequate control groups before treatment, during treatment, and several years after treatment. Although the number of contacts is gradually elevated after orthodontic treatment, the present data suggested that orthodontic patients may not realize the same number of contacts as untreated controls despite prolonged periods out of retention. The functional significance of this finding remains unknown and suggests the need for further research.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Comparison of acellular and whole-cell pertussis-component diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccines in infants. The APDT Vaccine Study Group.

In a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, longitudinal study, 252 children received licensed Lederle diphtheria-tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine adsorbed (DTP) at 2, 4, and 6 months of age, and 245 children received a DTP vaccine with the Lederle/Takeda acellular pertussis component (APDT) at the same ages. Both groups of children received APDT vaccine at 18 months of age. After each of the first three immunizations, APDT vaccine recipients had fewer local and systemic reactions than did DTP vaccinees. Reactions after the 18-month APDT vaccination were minimal in severity regardless of the vaccine previously received. Antibody responses to lymphocytosis-promoting factor and agglutinogens were more pronounced in DTP recipients; however, APDT recipients had a better serologic response to filamentous hemagglutinin, and responses to the 69K protein were equivalent. This APDT vaccine produces fewer reactions than the standard whole-cell DTP vaccine. The protective significance of the serologic responses to the APDT vaccine is unknown, but the greater response to filamentous hemagglutinin and equivalent response to the 69K protein compared with those to DTP vaccine seem promising.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1991

Growth-enhancing interventions for nonorganic failure to thrive.

The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of two interventions, Calorie Management and Socioemotional Growth Fostering, on (a) the weight of children aged 1 to 3 years with nonorganic failure to thrive and (b) the interaction behaviors of 10 mother-child dyads. Calorie Management, focusing on nutritional intake, seemed to enhance current mother-child conflicts. The Socioemotional Growth Fostering Intervention, focusing on healthy mother-child interaction behaviors, produced a greater weight gain in the children and growth-enhancing behaviors in the mothers.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1990

Nosocomial sepsis associated with interleukin-2.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence, clinical magnitude, and risk factors for nosocomial bacteremia in patients given interleukin-2 with or without (+/-) lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells for cancer immunotherapy. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: Clinical study unit of tertiary medical center. PATIENTS: All patients entering the interleukin-2 +/- LAK cancer immunotherapy protocol during a 28-month period. Control groups were patients in a surgical intensive care unit, patients receiving total parenteral nutrition, and patients with solid tumors. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Twenty of 107 (19%) interleukin-2-treated patients developed sepsis; in 12 of these patients, sepsis was intravenous catheter-associated. The bacteremia rate among patients receiving total parenteral nutrition, in the surgical intensive care unit, or having solid tumors was 2.8%, 4.1%, and 1.9%, respectively. Staphylococcus aureus was the pathogen in 13 courses; Staphylococcus epidermidis, in 5; and Escherichia coli, in 2. Two patients died; three developed suppurative thrombophlebitis; one developed septic arthritis; one, septic arterial aneurysm; and one, peritonitis with probable meningitis. Colonization with S. aureus increased the risk of S. aureus bacteremia 6.3-fold (95% CI, 2.8 to 14.5; P less than 0.001); skin desquamation at the catheter site increased the relative risk 2.0-fold (95% CI, 1.3 to 3.1; P = 0.031). Both colonization with S. aureus and skin desquamation increased the relative risk of S. aureus bacteremia 14.5-fold (95% CI, 4.1 to 50.9; P less than 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Staphylococcal bacteremia is more frequent in patients receiving interleukin-2 therapy and is associated with substantial morbidity and toxic skin reactions.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The forty-day rest period and infant feeding practices among Negev Bedouin Arab women in Israel.

Four hundred and twelve Bedouin Arab women were interviewed within 48 hours of delivering a newborn in 1982 and two months later to examine the effect of social support during the forty-day postpartum rest period on the incidence of exclusive breast feeding at two months. Whereas the distribution of infant feeding practices at two months did not differ among women with and without support during the "forty days," the number of days of help during the "forty days" was significantly associated with type of feeding at two months. The longer the duration of help, the greater were the odds of maintaining exclusive breast feeding after adjustment for covariates by multinomial logistic regression analysis. The association between duration of help and infant feeding practices at two months was modified by the interview month and the feeding practices of the respondents' primary social supports. More respondents with infants who reached two months of age in May and June were exclusively breast feeding than respondents with infants who reached two months in the hot, dry months of July and August. Also, respondents with sisters-in-law who breast fed alone or in combination with the bottle were feeding their infants in the same way after adjustment for covariates. Given the beneficial effects of breast feeding on infant health and development, these findings identify potential avenues of intervention for programs promoting breast feeding.

Bottle Feeding↗
PubMed1989

Transplanted retinal pigment epithelium modifies the retinal degeneration in the RCS rat.

Transplantation of dissociated retinal epithelial cells obtained from the retinas of normal, congenic pigmented strain of rats to Bruch's membrane and the subretinal space of dystrophic rats from the Royal College of Surgeon (RCS) strain can prevent photoreceptor cell degeneration in this retina for at least 4 months after transplantation. Host and transplant cells form close apposition with one another but can be distinguished by the presence of both phagosomes and melanin granules in the transplant and the absence of these inclusions in the host retinal epithelium. Transplanted cells show excessive amounts of phagosomal material within 48 hr after transplantation, implying that restoration of phagocytosis is responsible for the photoreceptor survival.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Clonidine in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome: a subgroup study.

The authors studied the effects of clonidine on a subgroup of women who had symptoms associated with premenstrual syndrome; the subgroup comprised 24 women aged 19 to 41 years who had "moderate" to "severe" cyclic decreases in beta-endorphin levels. All of the women received clonidine and placebo in a double-blind cross-over design that spanned four menstrual cycles. Clonidine was significantly (p less than .05) more effective than placebo in reducing symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Transfusion-related sepsis after prolonged platelet storage.

The antecubital fossa venipuncture site in frequent blood donors can become scarred or "dimpled" and colonized with surface and deep bacteria that are not sterilized by standard iodophor preparation techniques. These microorganisms can be introduced into blood or platelets at the time of donation. Recent advances that permit the prolonged storage of platelets at room temperature before transfusion allow proliferation of these contaminating bacteria, particularly gram-positive microorganisms. Documented are three episodes of platelet contamination with gram-positive organisms and four cases of sepsis in recipients of these platelets, which were obtained through the "dimpled" site of a single donor and stored for at least 80 hours at 22 degrees C before transfusion. In contrast, platelets harvested from this donor's "dimpled" site and stored for not more than 50 hours were transfused to 25 patients without complication. Therefore, the extended storage of platelets at 22 degrees C prior to transfusion demands strict awareness of any possible sources of extrinsic contamination, since gram-positive bacteria can proliferate under these conditions and result in infectious complications in recipients.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Endogenous adrenergic modification of exercise-induced asthma.

To determine if endogenous adrenergic activity could modify the obstructive response to exercise in subjects with asthma, we had 10 subjects undergo two bouts of cycle ergometry under controlled inspired air conditions while peak expiratory flow rates and plasma catecholamines were serially recorded. The second challenge of each pair was timed to coincide with the height of the bronchospasm induced by the first. A similar protocol was undertaken with isocapnic hyperventilation to serve as a control. The initial exercise produced bronchodilatation followed by bronchoconstriction when exercise ceased. During the second challenge, the obstruction resolved totally, only to recur once more when the subjects stopped work. Plasma concentrations of norepinephrine exactly mirrored the fluctuations in pulmonary mechanics, rising with bronchodilatation and falling with bronchoconstriction. The pattern with hyperventilation differed from exercise in that there was no significant increase in norepinephrine during the challenges. To determine if norepinephrine could abolish the bronchial narrowing produced by exercise, and, as a result, possibly account for the changes in mechanics that we observed, we performed a second study in which eight subjects were administered an aerosol of this compound to inhale during an episode of exercise-induced asthma. As with the endogenous elevation, exogenously administered norepinephrine also totally abolished the attack. These data demonstrate that the sympathoadrenal activity that occurs with repetitive exercise in subjects with asthma can materially influence the severity of exercise-induced asthma.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Constipation.

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Child↗