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Biomedical subjects

B T Velichkovskiĭ

Publications and source records attributed to B T Velichkovskiĭ.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Changes in adenosine deaminase and antioxidative enzyme activity in patients with lung diseases of dust etiology].

Activity of purine metabolism enzyme, adenosine deaminase (ADA) in lymphocytes and erythrocytes from patients with pneumoconiosis and chronic bronchitis was determined. ADA activity decrease was found in lymphocytes and erythrocytes for both decreases. The observed decrease of ADA activity indicates that after the long term work in mineral dust industry damage of purine metabolism takes place, that is similar to the disturbance observed under secondary immunodeficiency. Changes in activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase show some decrease of functional activity of anti-radical protection. Therefore the results obtained can be used for the selection of a group with highest risk of predisposition to these diseases.

Adenosine Deaminase↗
PubMed1991

[Effect of industrial and working conditions on health status of workers in ferrochrome self-separating slag plant].

The article contains a hygienic assessment of the USSR developed technological processes for ferrochromium slag self-separating. It was established that the major hazardous factor in the environmental conditions was the high-grade chromium-containing slag aerosol influencing most unfavourably the workers' health state, thus causing high-level morbidity with temporary disability. Preventive screening would predominantly reveal chronic bronchitis and allergic dermatoses with a less prevalence of pneumoconiosis. The forms of occupational toxic dust bronchitis characteristic of this particular group exhibited some clinical and functional peculiarities caused by a complex action of chromium and alkali.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1991

[Allergic diseases. Analysis of the causes of their increase].

Current trend in the incidence and run of allergic diseases is given consideration. It is stated that allergy has become more prevalent and severe as a result of: wide presentation of allergens in the environment, beneficial conditions for potentiation of allergenic reactions, changes in the ways of allergens and other xenobiotics entry, etc. The role of natural allergens and chemical allergens-haptens in raising the incidence of allergic diseases is analysed specially. A mechanism of autoimmune shifts in the body related to xenobiotics metabolism is suggested. To control allergy, it is necessary to reduce the exposure of the population to xenobiotic anthropogenic load both by means of diminution of the concentration in the environment and by limiting the list of chemicals able to enter internal medium of human body, drugs among them.

Environmental Pollutants↗
PubMed1990

[The mutagenic action of the dust of natural zeolites and chrysotile asbestos].

The cell chemiluminescence method was used to demonstrate the ability of asbest and zeolite dusts from 8 deposits of the USSR to induce generation of free oxygen radicals in the phagocytosing cells suspension. It has been found that asbest and zeolite (0.01 and 0.05 mg/ml) increase levels of cells with chromosome aberrations in human cell cultures. The cytogenetic effect of asbest was inhibited by superoxide dismutase (50 mg/ml). The damaging effect of zeolite was decreased by the pharmacological drug bemithyl (0.007-0.07 mM) and completely eliminated by catalase (20 mg/ml). The results obtained indicate that mutagenic effect of dust particles of asbest and zeolite is mediated by oxygen radicals.

Aluminum Silicates↗
PubMed1990

[Morphology of pneumoconiosis induced by natural zeolite].

Pneumoconiosis was induced in white rats through intratracheal administration of natural zeolite. It was characterized by intensive phagocytosis of the specks of dust, moderate cytotoxic action on the macrophages, as well as inflammatory processes in the vascular system and alveolar epithelium. Zeolite induced fibrosis did not develop to the extent as in case with quartz induced massive collagen formation.

Aluminum Silicates↗
PubMed1990

[Hygienic aspects of the production of asbestos substitutes].

Due to the high level aggressiveness of asbestos, more attempts have been made in the recent years to replace asbestos by other artificial mineral fibres. In this connection, the labour conditions were studied in the basalt and carbon fibres processing sites. The major occupational hazards of these sites included basalt and carbon fibres dusts, heating microclimate in some working zones and physical overload. An intratracheal experiment revealed a lower degree of fibrinogenicity of the basalt and carbon fibres as compared to chrysotile asbestos. The number of the induced mesothelioma in the intraperitoneal introduction of basalt and carbon fibres was markedly lower than in case with chrysotile asbestos. Hygienically, asbestos should be replaced wherever possible, and the dust control measures should by no means be inferior to those with asbestos.

Asbestos↗
PubMed1990

[Chemoluminescence analysis of the functional state of blood phagocytes in silicosis and chronic dust-induced bronchitis].

Blood leukocyte function in patients with silicosis and chronic dust-induced bronchitis was examined by cellular chemiluminescence method for registration of free oxygen radical production. Significant differences in oxidation metabolism of blood neutrophils in the patients with these two nosologic entities were revealed. In silicosis blood phagocyte activation with silica particles in vitro activated production of active oxygen forms and chemiluminescent cells in all cases by 3 to 30 times. In chronic dust-induced bronchitis the production of active oxygen forms under the same conditions was either unchanged or enhanced but negligibly, the activation coefficient not surpassing 3. These data point to a new approach to the differential diagnosis between the above-mentioned conditions.

Bronchitis↗
PubMed1990

[Comparative characteristics of the biological aggressiveness of welding dusts].

The article contains a study of the cytotoxic properties of welding dusts (WD) and their capacity to activate lipoid peroxidation (LP) depending on the particles of chemical composition. A correlation was established between the WD cytotoxic properties, activation of LP in the lungs and the concentration of cremnium dioxide.

Animals↗