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Biomedical subjects

B Tillmann

Publications and source records attributed to B Tillmann.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Morphological variants of the suprapatellar bursa.

Two hundred and ten specimens were examined anatomically to study the different shapes of the suprapatellar bursa. It is possible to classify the morphologic variants of the suprapatellar bursa into three types. A bursa not subdivided was found in 83% and named Type A. A bursa subdivided by a vertical septum at the lateral side of the suprapatellar bursa was seen in 17% of the knee joints. The vertical septum was complete in 9% (Type B), incomplete in 8% (Type C) of the cases. It separated the bursa into a main medial part and a small lateral saccular space. There was no corresponding subdivision at the medial side. A space proximal to the suprapatellar bursa was found in two cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Pericoxal fat stripes and the capsule of the hip joint. The anatomical-radiological correlations].

The capsule of the hip joint can always be demonstrated on antero-posterior radiographs provided two conditions are met: 1. the so-called gluteus minimus fat stripe is shown and 2. the exposure is made in maximal external rotation which can be either active or, better still, passive. Under these conditions the joint capsule appears as a soft tissue band stretched between the margin ot the acetabulum and the upper end of the greater trochanter. Effusions or oedemas of the hip joint cause lateral displacement of the gluteus minimus fat stripe. Anatomical and radiological comparisons, including computed tomography, confirm that the joint capsule of the hip can be demonstrated in this way.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1991

Functional anatomy of the temporomandibular joint. A morphologic study on human autopsy material.

A study of 72 temporomandibular joints of adults without any gross signs of degenerative changes was made, in order to analyse the stress on individual regions of the joint, and to determine the path of the split line pattern in the articular cartilage. The cancellous architecture and the material distribution in the juxta-articular bone were also investigated. Zones of high-density compact substance in the lateral region of the joint, and the presence of attractive singular points in the split line orientation in this localization, suggest great stress on the lateral part of the temporomandibular joint. This increased stress in the lateral region is confirmed by the fact that arthrotic changes in the temporomandibular joint first almost always appear laterally. Degenerative changes usually originate at the articular disc, affect the articular tubercle after a delay, and finally spread to the condyle. Besides the greater physiological, mechanical stress on the lateral region of the joint, the force acting on every individual temporomandibular joint is influenced by the dental condition. The molars and bicuspids serving as a support zone play a decisive role in this context.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Tendinous insertions in the human thyroid cartilage plate: macroscopic and histologic studies.

The zones of tendinuous insertion and origin of the sternothyroid muscle, the thyrohyoid muscle, the inferior constrictor muscle of the pharynx and the external part of the cricothyroid muscle were studied in adult larynges by macroscopy and light microscopy. The sternothyroid muscle is inserted in the superior and inferior thyroid tubercula and also in a tendinous arch, which extends between the two tubercula. In contrast to the descriptions found in most textbooks, the sternothyroid muscle has no attachment to the oblique line. The thyrohyoid muscle and the thyropharyngeal part of the inferior constrictor muscle of the pharynx originate in ventral and dorsal symmetry at the oblique line. X-rays permit a measurement of their original angles, resulting in a mean value of 36 degrees. According to these measurements, and electromyographic findings by other authors, both muscles can be regarded as a bipennate muscle from a functional point of view. Histologic studies indicate that the oblique line's zone of origin structurally resembles an areal periosteal-diaphysary tendinous insertion. In the non-ossified thyroid cartilage, the insertions in the region of the thyroid tubercula are similar to chondral-apophysary insertions of tendons in the limb skeleton. After ossification of the thyroid cartilage, they show the shape of circumscribed periosteal-diaphysary insertions. Osteogenesis of the laryngeal skeleton therefore affects the structure of the thyroid tubercula's tendinous insertions. From a mechanical point of view, the insertions in the thyroid cartilage function as extension-checking mechanisms, and also serve to balance the different elastic modules of the tendinous tissue and the cartilaginous or bony tissue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Gc in bloodstains.

Gc-subtyping was carried out on blood stains that had been made on cotton and glass and stored under a variety of conditions ranging from -20 degrees to +56 degrees C. The limits of detection ranged from 2 weeks at 56 degrees C up to 92 weeks at +4 degrees C and greater than 116 weeks at -20 degrees C. Additional bands that have been reported in other studies could not be detected during this study, and this difference is thought to be due to storage of the samples in the liquid state.

Blood Grouping and Crossmatching↗
PubMed1990

Description and clinical importance of the lymphatics of the vocal fold.

Findings of the presence of lymphatics in the subepithelial connective tissue layer of the true vocal cord range from the statement that lymphatics are absent to the observation that a dense lymphatic network exists. This is undoubtedly a result of the different methods of examination. The entire extent of a lymphatic system can be shown by either an enzyme histochemical demonstration of the 5'-nucleotidase activity in the lymphatics, or electron microscopy, which is more elaborate. These two methods are used to describe a subepithelial lymphatic network of varying density in 80 human vocal folds, which--contrary a frequent assumption--is not interrupted in the area of the free margin of the true vocal cord. Under the squamous epithelium, the density of the lymphatic system, which is very high in the arytenoid region, decreases continuously toward the anterior portion of the true vocal cord. It is exactly in the region in which the lymphatic system is the sparsest that almost all cancers of the true vocal cord develop. This finding is highly significant, in view of the low incidence of lymphogenous metastasis formation in T1-glottic cancers.

5'-Nucleotidase↗
PubMed1989

[The bursa iliopectinea--a morphologic-computed tomographic study].

Study of 80 anatomical preparations and CT of 130 patients has shown that the ilio-pectineal bursa may be non-communicating, communicating or septate. Under certain morphological and pathological conditions the ilio-pectineal bursa may be visible on CT. Amongst these is the presence of fat or calcium in or around the bursa. Effusions into the hip joint may make it possible to identify the bursa on CT, even when it is non-communicating. A posterior arthrocoele of the hip joint is described and its CT appearances are demonstrated.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Functional adjustment of joints with different mechanical stress].

The density of osseous tissue and the alignment of the cancellous trabeculae of the hip joint depend on magnitude, direction and position of the resultant force affecting the hip joint. The cancellous architecture surrounding the acetabulum moreover is influenced by forces acting at the symphysis and the iliosacral joints. The articular bones of the ankle joint are subjected to compressive stress. In the lateral areas of the joint a bending stress which results from tensile forces exerted by the collateral ligaments is superimposed on the compressive stress.

Ankle Joint↗
PubMed1989

[The tension band effect of the iliotibial tract].

There is an unreconciled discrepancy between the course of the iliotibial tract described in most anatomical textbooks and the results of photoelastic experiments performed by Pauwels (1948), in which he demonstrated the principle of the tension band effect that decreases the bending stress of the femur. If the photoelastic experiments are performed according to the anatomical description of the attachments of the iliotibial tract between iliac bone and tibial condyle not only is the tension band effect lacking; the stress is even increased. Our reinvestigation of the course of the iliotibial tract shows that the iliotibial tract is not fixed at the greater trochanter, as Pauwels assumed in his photoelastic experiments. Rather, the tendon of the gluteus maximus and a major portion of the iliotibial tract intermingle near the gluteal tuberosity. As a result, the iliotibial tract is also attached to the proximal end of the femur. If a model is constructed on the basis of this finding, the simulation of traction between gluteal tuberosity and the tibial condyle results in a decrease in the bending stress on the femoral shaft. Thus, the results of the present morphological and functional investigations confirm the biomechanical tension band effect of the iliotibial tract on the femur via the attachment to the femur mediated by the tendon of the gluteus maximus.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1988

Morphologic characteristics of developing osteoarthrotic lesions in the knee cartilage of STR/IN mice.

The development of osteoarthrotic cartilage lesions in the knee joints of male STR/IN mice was studied with respect to their histologic appearance and their various localizations in the joint. Spontaneous articular cartilage degeneration on the medial portion of the tibial plateau was considered to be the initial event. Continued loss of cartilage subsequently led to a pronounced instability of the knee joint, with a varus deformity. This was followed by medial patellar luxation with corresponding osteoarthrotic lesions at the facies patellaris femoris. The most marked osteoarthrotic cartilage degeneration developed on the medial tibial condyle and at the facies patellaris femoris of the femoropatellar joint. Histologic examination of the osteoarthrotic defects in these two regions revealed distinct morphologic differences with respect to formation of chondrocyte clusters, tendency to regeneration, and proliferation reactions. Lectin binding experiments in normal articular cartilage revealed regional differences regarding the presence or absence of keratan sulfate in the extracellular matrix. The lack of keratan sulfate in tibial cartilage might reflect its tendency to degenerate spontaneously. It is therefore suggested that male STR/IN mice are particularly useful for studying two different types of osteoarthrosis, one due to a biomechanically induced instability (patellar luxation) and one due to biochemical changes (absence of keratan sulfate) of still unknown pathogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Lectin-binding in normal and osteoarthrotic articular cartilage from STR/1N-mouse knee joints.

Fluorescein-isothiocyanate (FITC) labeled lectins were used to study the distribution pattern of specific binding-sites in histological sections of normal and osteoarthrotic articular cartilage from the mouse knee joint. Male inbred mice of the STR/1N-strain develop spontaneous arthrotic articular cartilage lesions on the medial condyle of tibia and femur. The varus-deformity of the knee joint leads to a recurrent medial patellar luxation with osteoarthrotic defects on the medial part of the facies patellaris femoris. It was demonstrated that the lectin staining pattern of osteoarthrotic articular cartilage, especially on the facies patellaris femoris, was different from that of normal articular cartilage. The differences in lectin staining corresponded to those observed between normal and fibrillated articular cartilage from human patellae. The normal articular cartilage of the mouse knee joint possessed lectin binding-sites for Concanavalin A (ConA) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), but not for Ulex europaeus agglutinin (UEA), soy bean agglutinin (SBA) and peanut agglutinin (PNA). In addition to the completely changed distribution pattern of ConA and WGA in osteoarthrotic cartilage, SBA, PNA and UEA developed distinct staining patterns particular to the fibrillated areas of arthrotic cartilage. The increased lectin-binding to arthrotic articular cartilage may be due to unmasking of sugars in the course of bondage breakdown in fibrillated cartilage or the production of pathological glycoproteins. It is evident that lectins can demonstrate minute differences between normal and arthrotic cartilage and it is concluded, therefore, that lectins are sensitive and specific tools for the study of degenerative joint diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Subchondral bone formation in arthrosis. Polychrome labeling studies in mice.

We used polychrome sequential labeling to study the dynamics of subchrondral bone sclerosis during developing arthrosis in knee joints of male STR/1N mice. This technique, using four different colored vital markers, gives detailed information about the site and time of new bone formation in the subchondral bone. In arthrotic joints, we found fluorescent bands arranged excentrically around the marrow cavities always pointing towards the cartilage lesions. The linear separation between the first label and the anatomic surface of the bone marrow cavity varied considerably between the experimental groups. In arthrotic joints, we found bone growth rates 3-4 times greater than in control joints. We also found that the degenerative process in cartilage and subchondral bone was a local phenomenon, because in areas with normal cartilage next to the sclerotic lesions appositional bone growth rates were unaffected.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Distribution of lymph vessels in the plica vocalis of the human. A light microscopy, enzyme histochemistry and electron microscopy study].

Results of studies on the presence of lymphatic capillaries in the plica vocalis are shown, using improved methods of preparation. Immediately after laryngectomy, followed by immediate fixation of the non-pathological plicae vocalis, large lymphatic capillaries can be easily identified in the specimen. Lymphatic capillaries, which cannot be seen in conventional light microscopy, are now histochemically demonstrated with a marker of 5' nucleotidase. These histochemical results are confirmed by electron microscopy. Using a combination of both methods, a different quantity of subepithelial lymphatic capillaries can be visualised over the whole length and width of the plica vocalis. Lymphatic capillaries below the stratified squamous epithelium in the region of the anterior commissure grow gradually more numerous up to the folds of the arytenoid cartilage. Hence, in contrast to previous studies, the superficial lymphatic capillary system of the laryngeal mucosae is not separated into a supraglottic and subglottic lymphatic net of the vocal cord.

5'-Nucleotidase↗
PubMed1988

[Bursa iliopectinea--size and morphology].

The size of the iliopsoas bursa is usually larger than its size described in textbooks of anatomy. Proximally the synovial bursa lies on the pectineal eminence of the superior pubic ramus, passes across the front of the capsule of the hip joint and extends distally downwards almost as far as to the lesser trochanter. Only the tendon of the psoas major muscle is normally an immediate relation to the bursa. In 13% of all cases the iliopsoas bursa is partly separated by a septum into 2 cavities. Here the tendon of the psoas major muscle passes over the medial chamber and the tendon of the iliac muscle runs over the lateral chamber. With regard to modern diagnostic techniques (computer tomography, magnetic resonance-tomography) the results are significant for the differential diagnosis of inflammatory processes in hip joints.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Histochemical visualization of lymphatic capillaries in the rat: a comparison of methods demonstrated at the posterior pharyngeal surface.

A sufficient differentiation of lymphatic capillaries from blood capillaries in conventional light microscopy still eludes researches. The endothelium and media of lymphatic capillaries are characterized by a strong 5'-nucleotidase activity, whereas blood capillaries reveal no or significantly lower activity. Alkaline phosphatase activity, on the other hand, missing in the lymphatic capillaries is positive in most of the blood capillaries. For the histochemical visualization of the entire blood capillary bed, dipeptidyl peptidase IV-activity has to be used together with alkaline phosphatase. Various fixation and detection methods of 5'-nucleotidase are compared. In order to demonstrate 5'-nucleotidase activity, a method modified after Heusermann (1979) is considered to be most suitable. The results obtained are discussed with regard to their significance concerning the visualization of lymphatic capillaries. They are compared with a series of investigations in which alkaline phosphatase and dipeptidyl peptidase IV-activity are visualized in blood capillaries additional to the 5'-nucleotidase reaction. Various color reactions reveal a differentiation between blood capillaries and small lymphatics. The isolated visualization of 5'-nucleotidase activity with a simultaneous inhibition of alkaline phosphatase with L-tetramisole is considered to be the best way to histochemically demonstrate lymphatic capillaries. It was shown for the first time that only in the presence of L-tetramisole can small lymphatics be adequately visualized. A satisfactory differentiation between blood and lymphatic capillaries succeeded by means of a different color intensity of the reaction product.

5'-Nucleotidase↗