Biomedical subjects

B Tokar

Publications and source records attributed to B Tokar.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2004

Tracheobronchial foreign bodies in children: importance of accurate history and plain chest radiography in delayed presentation.

AIM: To evaluate the factors associated with delayed diagnosis of foreign body aspiration (FBA) in children and to compare clinical, radiological and bronchoscopic findings in the patients with suspected FBA. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The medical records of 214 children who underwent bronchoscopy for suspected FBA were reviewed. The data were analysed in three groups: the patients with negative bronchoscopy for FBA (group I), early (group II) and delayed diagnosis (group III). RESULTS: The majority of the patients with FBA were between 1 and 3 years of age. Choking episodes, coughing and decreased breath sounds were determined in a significantly higher number of the patients with FBA. The plain chest radiography revealed radio-opaque foreign bodies (FBs) in 19.7% of all patients with FBA. Emphysema was more common in children with FBA. Clinical and radiological findings of pneumonia and atelectasis were significantly more common in the groups with negative bronchoscopy and with delayed diagnosis (p < 0.01). The FBs were most frequently of vegetable origin, such as seeds and peanuts. A significant tissue reaction with inflammation was more common in the delayed cases. CONCLUSION: To prevent delayed diagnosis, characteristic symptoms, signs and radiological findings of FBA should be checked in all suspected cases. As clinical and radiological findings of FBA in delayed cases may mimic other disorders, the clinician must be aware of the likelihood of FBA. Regardless of radiological findings, bronchoscopy should be considered in patients with an appropriate history.

Airway Obstruction↗

PubMed2003

The effect of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on the inflammatory changes caused by intraperitoneal meconium.

Exposure of the peritoneal cavity to meconium causes a marked inflammatory response. The effect of intraperitoneal meconium on intestinal morphology and plasma nitrite and nitrate (NO2(-) + NO3(-)) levels and how this inflammatory process is influenced by hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment were investigated in this study. The purpose was to determine whether HBO treatment could be considered a useful adjunct in the resuscitative treatment of severely ill patients admitted with meconium peritonitis (MP). Rats were divided into three groups. Human meconium (MP group, n=10) and sterile saline (control group, n=10) were injected intraperitoneally for 3 days. The procedure for meconium injection was combined with HBO treatment for the HBO group (n=10). HBO was administered for 7 days. In all groups, peritoneal swap cultures, plasma NO2(-) + NO3(-) levels, intestinal diameters, and macroscopic and microscopic changes in the intestine were determined on the 8th day. Bacterial growth was not detected in the peritoneal swap cultures. There was a significant difference in NO2(-) + NO3(-) levels between the MP and HBO groups ( P<0.05), between the MP and control groups ( P<0.01), and between the HBO and control groups ( P<0.05). Thin fibrinous adhesions in both the MP and HBO groups, and thickened and dilated intestinal loops in the MP group were observed macroscopically. The intestinal diameter in the MP group was significantly greater than in the HBO and control groups. The only microscopic difference was seen in the serosal layer. Compared with the animals in the control and HBO groups, the intestine of the rats in the MP group showed prominent serosal thickening, edema, capillary proliferation and cellular infiltration. The ameliorated inflammatory changes and decreased dilatation of the intestine accompanied by a significant decrease in NO2(-) + NO3(-) levels suggest that as an adjunctive treatment, HBO may have a beneficial effect in the resuscitative treatment of meconium peritonitis.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Diagnostic steps and staged operative approach in Currarino's triad: a case report and review of the literature.

The Currarino triad is a combination of a presacral mass, a congenital sacral bony abnormality and an anorectal malformation. It mostly presents with constipation. Rectal examination, plain radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging are the main tools for the diagnosis. If the mass is a meningocele, colostomy and neurosurgical exploration should precede anoplasty due to the risk of meningitis. A 14-month-old female patient with anal stenosis, a sacral scimitar defect and an anterior meningocele is presented in this report.

Constriction, Pathologic↗

PubMed1999

Giant mesenteric lipoma.

Mesenteric lipoma is a rare benign tumor of mature fat cells. Asymptomatic abdominal mass, progressive abdominal distension, and intraperitoneal radiolucent fat density mass on computed tomography are the main diagnostic criteria. Main differential diagnosis is lipoblastoma or lipoblastomosis. Treatment is surgical excision. As an unusual case, a 3-year-old boy with a giant mesenteric lipoma is presented in this report.

Child, Preschool↗

PubMed1998

Congenital granular-cell tumor of the gingiva.

Congenital granular cell tumors of the gingiva (synonyms: congenital myoblastoma, congenital epulis) originate from the alveolar ridge in newborns. They are rare granular-cell tumors with benign histology. The main differential diagnosis is epignathus (oral teratoma). Early surgical excision is recommended due to a risk of airway obstruction and difficulty feeding.

Gingival Neoplasms↗

PubMed1997

Fetal intestinal transplant as an accessory enteral segment.

Fetal tissue transplantation has gathered considerable interest among researchers dealing with organ transplantation. A large number of studies concerning fetal intestinal transplantation have been published in the past 2 decades, almost all of them aiming to determine the feasibility of a properly functioning fetal transplant in continuity with the host's own enteral system. This study was designed to determine the absorptive capacity of the neogut in vivo, without anastomosing the transplant to the host's intestine, and to evaluate its use as an accessory enteral segment. Intestinal segments taken from Wistar albino fetuses were transplanted subcutaneously into the abdominal wall of 20 Sprague-Dawley rats. Immunosuppression was maintained by daily cyclosporin A (Cy A) 10 mg/kg injections s.c. and evaluated by determination of serum Cy A level and T-helper/T-suppressor cell ratio. The neogut was converted into a Thiry-Vella loop 2 weeks after transplantation. A test solution composed of 20% glucose and Trophamine was perfused via the stomas; glucose and amino acid absorption gradients were calculated. The gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity and mitotic index of the neogut were determined. Results were compared to those obtained from the host. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in glucose absorption between the neogut and the host tissue. Amino acid absorption and specific GGT activity were significantly less (P < 0.01) in the neogut. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between neogut and host intestine in mitotic index. Our data support the idea of using a transplanted fetal intestinal segment as an accessory feeding route.

Amino Acids↗