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Biomedical subjects

B V Gaĭdar

Publications and source records attributed to B V Gaĭdar.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

[Surgical treatment of lung cancer patients with brain metastases].

The authors present an experience with diagnosing and treatment of 16 patients suffering from lung cancer with solitary metastasis into the brain. The examination performed has shown that in 7 out of 16 patients the surgical treatment was found to be not expedient. This solution was based on the detection of an extensive spread of lung cancer: multiple metastasis outside the thoracic cavity and the brain or inside the brain, and in one case--due to a considerable reduction of indices of the functional and reserve capacities of respiration and blood circulation. Single-step operations were carried out in 9 patients with lung cancer with a solitary metastasis into the brain (resection of the lung with an ablation of the brain metastasis). Out of the 9 patients operated on 6 patients survived for as long as 1.5 to 2 years, one patient lived longer than 4 years. Two other patients operated upon in June 2003 and March 2004 are still alive and feel much better. Satisfactory results of treatment of these patients show such methods to be expedient.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2005

[Modern medical science and Military Medical Academy].

The article presents the information about the main directions of scientific investigations of Military Medical Academy and their results during the period of 1999-2000. The scientific work was conducted in conformity with demands of orders and directives of RF Ministry of Defense. 12 integrated scientific problems were formed in the annual plans of the Academy's research work. Together with traditional directions the new ones connected with the experience of troops medical support during the armed conflicts, liquidation of consequences of extreme situations, participation of military contingents in peace-making operations were developed. The complex clinical investigations of specific features of combat pathology due to firearms used by the enemy during the military operations in Afghanistan and in the Northern Caucasus are going on. In the most of clinical departments the problems of etiology, pathogenesis and treatment of servicemen' diseases under peacetime conditions are the main directions of scientific investigations. Every year the Academy's rationalizers and inventors produce 60-70 inventions and more than 500 rationalization proposals. Since 1995 the Academy publishes the journal "Clinical medicine and pathophysiology" and since 1999--"Bulletin of Russian Military Medical Academy". The Academy's scientific potential comprises 194 professors, 295 associate professors, 349 Doctors and 894 Candidates of Science, 20 Honoured Scientists of RF, 57 members and corresponding members of academies (Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Russian Academy of Natural Sciences and other social academies).

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed2004

[Towards the problem of necessity to reduce the medical evacuation stages in conditions of local wars and armed conflicts].

The article is devoted to the review of modern opinions concerning the experience of military operation medical support in conditions of local wars and military conflicts. On the base of analysis of medical assistance rendered to the wounded and casualties in Republic of Chechnya the advantages and defects of different approaches are discussed. The experience in rendering assistance to the casualties in the Armed Forces of NATO countries during the local wars for the last decades is discussed. It is shown that the optimal variant of organization of treatment-and-evacuation measures during the local armed conflicts and wars is the two-stage scheme of evacuation: the first medical aid--the qualified (specialized) medical aid.

First Aid↗
PubMed2000

[Semiquantitative evaluation of autoregulation of cerebral blood supply in norm].

Elaboration of an informative, noninvasive method for evaluation of the reserve of the cerebral circulation is an urgent problem of angioneurology. The authors propose a method of dopplerographic estimation of the autogerulatory response by hyperthermic changes after short-term period of regional hypotension induced by digital compression of carotid artery on the neck. The indices acceptable in daily clinical practice were calculated. There was determined a range of their values at normal tonus of the resistive vessels, on the background of hypo- and hypertension induced by hypercapnic and hypocapnic loads, respectively. Test of carotid compression with registration of the linear velocity of blood flow in cerebral arteries is safe, significant and reproducible way for a semiquantitative estimation of the reserve of autoregulation. It may be used for evaluation of tonus of resistant vessels of the reservoir of the middle carotid artery as one of the most important index of the functional state of the system of cerebral circulation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Video endoscopy in neurosurgery].

The authors present an analysis of their experiences with performing more than 330 video endoscopic operations on the autopsy material and in 172 patients. In 54 of these patients operations were performed for traumatic intracranial convex hematomas, in 21 for adenomas of the hypophysis, in 14--for arterial aneurysms, and 53 patients with discogenic radiculitis, spinal tumors, consequences of severe spinal traumas. In 25 patients the endoscopic videomonitoring was made during excision of the tumors, paratumorous cysts and abscesses of the brain, decompression of the optic nerve, plasty of the anterior cranial fossa fundus with closing the liquor fistulas. Intraoperative angioscopy in carotid endarterectomy was fulfilled in 5 patients. The video endoscopy was proved to result in less traumaticity of the radical surgery. It is a valuable and highly informative method giving optimum results in performing many microsurgical operations.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[The combined use of intraoperative video endoscopy and contact microvascular dopplerography in the surgery of cerebral aneurysms].

The article describes results of an anatomo-clinical investigation using video-endoscopy and contact microvascular dopplerography in surgery of cerebral aneurysms. The endoscopic anatomy of cisterns of the cerebral base was studied in 36 corpses of adult humans. More than 200 video-endoscopic operative interventions were performed on sectional material. Video-endoscopy in combination with contact microvascular dopplerography was conducted in the clinic on 20 patients with aneurysms of the brain. Main advantages of endoscopy used in combination with microvascular dopplerography during clipping the aneurysm are formulated. Complex using the two methods described gives less volume of the access and traumaticity of the intervention but not less radical effect. It is a valuable and highly informative method which optimizes performing the operation and has less amount of postoperative complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[The rational choice of antibiotics for the supply of military medical institutions].

The list of registered in Russia anti-infectious preparations is analyzed and medicinal means of I and II turn are allocated. A set of preparations (total 30 names) is referred to the first turn, completely ensuring needs of the military-medical service, to the second-antibiotics, which should be buy for special purposes in the small amounts. The division was carried out from the point of view of necessity of the antibiotics effective use at treatment of the maximum quantity of the nosological forms of diseases, occurred in the Armed Forces; spreading of resistance to antibiotic of those or other activators; peculiarities of the antibacterial spectrum and Pharmakinetika of preparations; weights and frequencies of the side effects; epidemiological aspects, cost of the course of treatment, but also factor, which in English literature is usually called "compliance" and means convenience in application.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1995

[The diagnosis of arteriovenous malformations of the brain by transcranial dopplerography (the dopplerographic semeiotics of arteriovenous malformations)].

The work is devoted to investigation of possible use of transcranial dopplerography as a method of noninvasive diagnosing of arteriovenous malformations of the brain. An analysis of results of investigations in 89 patients with suspected arteriovenous malformations was made. A close correlation is confirmed between the parameters of the blood flow and the volume, diameter and type of the structure of the supplying arteries. Transcranial dopplerography was shown to allow the detection of arteriovenous shunts in the brain vessels which is one of main symptoms of the arteriovenous malformations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[The diagnosis of arteriovenous malformations of the brain by transcranial dopplerography (the potentials of complex noninvasive neurosonoradiological diagnosis)].

Under analysis were results of diagnostics in 89 patients with suspected arteriovenous malformations (AVM) obtained by the method of ROC-analysis. The examination included computed tomography (CT) and transcranial dopplerography (TCDG) performed by the standard method. The total sensitivity of TCDG in diagnosing AVMs as a nosological form was 89.5% which is considerably higher than the possibilities of CT. Malformation having a torpid course were diagnosed correctly reliably more often (100%) than those with hemorrhagic debut (78.6%). Most perspective is the principle of unity of "morphological" and functional methods of noninvasive diagnostics. Sensitivity of the complex diagnostics of AVMs was 92.9%, diagnostics of malformations with a torpid course being without errors.

Cerebral Angiography↗
PubMed1993

[The organization of the treatment of minor casualties in neurosurgery].

The selection of neurosurgical minor wounded during casualty staging has a number of specific features. First of all it is caused by objective difficulties in the diagnosis of wounds and traumas of nervous system. Patients who have even minimal traumas of soft tissues of head or bone structures of skull could have intracranial injuries which could be treated only at the stage of tertiary medical care. These patients can be evacuated to the hospital for minor wounded if they have no confirmation on intracranial injuries.

Afghanistan↗