Acquired abducens-trigeminal synkinesis.
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Abducens Nerve↗
Biomedical subjects
B V Gallo
Publications and source records attributed to B V Gallo.
Pharmacokinetics and muscle histopathology of intramuscular valproate.
To determine the safety and pharmacokinetics of parenteral sodium valproate healthy mature greyhound dogs, were given intramuscular injections following intravenous injections. Dosings intravenously and intramuscularly were at 20, 40 and 60 mg/kg in the three groups. Intravenous infusion rates were constant. Sodium valproate solution concentrations of 300, 400 and 500 mg/ml were administered. Intramuscular valproate was quickly absorbed. Bio-availability approached 70%. Half life of 120 min was calculated. Toxic muscle necrosis was observed at all concentrations. Dosing valproate intramuscularly in humans is problematic in view of the muscle damage. Despite tissue damage sodium valproate was well absorbed intramuscularly. The intravenous injection of valproate at high concentrations, large doses and fast infusion rates produced no evidence of cardiotoxicity and levels of 180 micrograms/ml.
Animals↗
HIV encephalitis presenting with severe generalized chorea.
We report a case of rapidly progressive encephalopathy and generalized chorea due to HIV encephalitis. The patient was a 24-year-old man known to be HIV-seropositive for 4 years. The severity of the movement disorder resulted in rhabdomyolysis. Sepsis developed and he died after a 21-day hospitalization. Pathologic study revealed prominent neuronal loss and gliosis of subcortical regions. Acute encephalopathy with generalized chorea may be a rare consequence of HIV encephalitis.
Adult↗
Pharmacokinetic profile of flosequinan in patients with compromised renal function.
The pharmacokinetics of flosequinan and its major active metabolite (BTS 53,554, 7-fluoro-1-methyl-3 methylsulfinyl-4-quinolone, 1) were investigated following a single oral dose of 100 mg of flosequinan in 20 patients with severe renal dysfunction (creatinine clearance, < or = 25 mL/min). Plasma and urine samples were collected for 144 h post-dose and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Flosequinan was well absorbed and rapidly eliminated, reaching mean peak concentrations in plasma of 1.37 +/- 0.67 micrograms/mL at 1.6 +/- 1.4 h post-dose. As in healthy volunteers, approximately 1% of the administered dose of flosequinan was excreted unchanged in urine. Renal clearance of flosequinan was decreased by an average of 20% relative to healthy volunteers. The active metabolite 1 reached mean peak concentrations in plasma of 2.22 +/- 0.58 micrograms/mL at 10.9 +/- 5.9 h post-dose and yielded mean areas under the curve of concentration in plasma versus time twice that of healthy volunteers. Elimination rates for 1 decreased by half, and the mean elimination half-life increased to 68.5 +/- 24.2 h compared with 34.5 +/- 6.7 h for healthy volunteers. The decrease in elimination rate resulted in higher exposure to total active drug substance (flosequinan plus metabolite) for renal patients than for healthy volunteers. These results suggest dosage adjustments may be necessary in patients with severe renal dysfunction to prevent excessive accumulation of 1 with repeated dosage of flosequinan.
Administration, Oral↗
Low-cost digital impedance meter for the detection of micro-organisms.
The digital impedance meter is a microprocessor-based instrument able to detect, quantify and identify micro-organisms. The equipment makes use of the bipolar technique of measuring the impedance modulus of six cells containing inoculated culture broth. It performs temperature compensation automatically. Growth curves are stored in memory as time course events and can be displayed on any suitable device.
Calibration↗
Verapamil vs quinine in recumbent nocturnal leg cramps in the elderly.
In an open-labeled trial with eight elderly patients (aged 62 to 87 years) suffering from nocturnal leg cramps refractory to treatment with quinine sulfate, we ruled out other active disease processes and substituted verapamil hydrochloride therapy (120 mg at bedtime). Response to treatment was assessed by biweekly observations by the primary care physician and nightly by the research registered nurse for the entire duration of the trial, lasting eight weeks. Observations made and clinical conditions reported were indicative of improvement and disappearance of cramping when therapy was changed from quinine to verapamil. This noteworthy improvement in patients with recumbent nocturnal leg cramps is an important finding and merits further investigation.
Aged↗