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Biomedical subjects

B Vandenberg

Publications and source records attributed to B Vandenberg.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Grief communication, grief reactions and marital satisfaction in bereaved parents.

This study examined if attitudes about grief communication are related to grief reactions and marital satisfaction in bereaved parents. The sample consisted of 36 couples who experienced the loss of a child. For the couple as a unit, the relation between attitudes about communication and grief changed over time, and the nature of the change was related to the level of communication; positive attitudes about open communication were related to high grief in the early stages of bereavement and to low grief in later stages. No relation to marital satisfaction was found. Spouses were correlated in their attitudes about communication, but women valued open communication significantly more than men. Positive attitudes about grief communication were related to men's grief reactions but not marital satisfaction; whereas for women, positive attitudes were related to marital satisfaction but not grief.

Child↗
PubMed1999

Authentic religious experience or insanity?

This study examined how mental health professionals make judgments about the religious authenticity and mental health of behaviors motivated by religious ideation. Participants were presented with written vignettes of religiously motivated behavior. The context of religious behavior varied on 6 dimensions and also on 3 levels of conventionality. The results indicated that the determining factor in the ratings was not dimensions of religious experience, but the degree that the experience deviated from conventional religious beliefs and practices. The more unconventional the behavior, the less religiously authentic and mentally healthy it was deemed to be.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Assessment of small-diameter aortic mechanical prostheses: physiological relevance of the Doppler gradient, utility of flow augmentation, and limitations of orifice area estimation.

BACKGROUND: Noninvasive assessment of functionally stenotic small-diameter aortic mechanical prostheses is complicated by theoretical constraints relating to the hemodynamic relevance of Doppler-derived transprosthetic gradients. To establish the utility of Doppler echocardiography for evaluation of these valves, 20-mm Medtronic Hall and 19-mm St Jude prostheses were studied in vitro and in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS: Relations between the orifice transprosthetic gradient (equivalent to Doppler), the downstream gradient in the zone of recovered pressure (equivalent to catheter), and fluid mechanical energy losses were examined in vitro. Pressure-flow relations across the 2 prostheses were evaluated by Doppler echocardiography in vivo. For both types of prosthesis in vitro, the orifice was higher than the downstream gradient (P<0.001), and fluid mechanical energy losses were as strongly correlated with orifice as with downstream pressure gradients (r2=0.99 for both). Orifice and downstream gradients were higher and fluid mechanical energy losses were larger for the St Jude than the Medtronic Hall valve (all P<0.001). Whereas estimated effective orifice areas for the 2 valves in vivo were not significantly different, model-independent dynamic analysis of pressure-flow relations revealed higher gradients for the St Jude than the Medtronic Hall valve at a given flow rate (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Even in the presence of significant pressure recovery, the Doppler-derived gradient across small-diameter aortic mechanical prostheses does have hemodynamic relevance insofar as it reflects myocardial energy expenditure. Small differences in function between stenotic aortic mechanical prostheses, undetectable by conventional orifice area estimations, can be identified by dynamic Doppler echocardiographic analysis of pressure-flow relations.

Aortic Valve Stenosis↗
PubMed1998

Infant communication and the development of hypnotic responsivity.

The research on the development of hypnotic responsivity indicates that it emerges, ex nihilo, sometime after the age of 3. The measures used to assess hypnotic responsivity rely on complex verbal instructions, thus precluding investigation of infancy. Recent research on infancy, however, suggests that the ontogenesis of hypnotic responsivity is likely to be found in fundamental human capacities that emerge in the first weeks and months of life. The aims of the article are threefold: (a) to demonstrate that infants possess capacities on the nonverbal plane of communication that are analogous to those required for hypnosis; (b) to identify situations in infancy that are analogous to the hypnotic context; and (c) to examine dispositional and relational attributes in infancy that may account for later individual differences in hypnotic responsivity.

Humans↗
PubMed1998

Depression and attribution in abused children and their nonoffending caregivers.

This study examined depression and attribution in 17 abused children and their nonoffending caregivers. Analysis indicated that negative attributions were significantly related to higher scores on depression of both children and caregivers, that depression scores of caregivers were unrelated to depression of their abused children, but that caregivers, nevertheless, assessed their children's self-reported depression as similar to their own self-reported depression.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Hypnosis and human development: interpersonal influence of intrapersonal processes.

This article revisits the too-long-forgotten relation between hypnosis and development, illuminating common processes underlying both, and using research on one to provide insights into the other. Hypnosis is defined within a communications framework, and essential features of hypnosis are identified in the communicative exchanges of the first months of life. This forces a reconsideration of our understanding of the ontogenesis of hypnosis. Hypnosis, in turn, offers important insights into development. Four key features of hypnosis are identified and their developmental implications examined.

Child↗
PubMed1997

Neuropsychological features and differential diagnosis of sleep apnea syndrome in children.

Recognizing the signs and effects of pediatric apnea is essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment of children with psychological difficulties. Sleep apnea can have serious deleterious effects on children's cognitive, behavioral, and physiological functioning. Diurnal effects include inattention, decreased academic performance, oppositionality, and restlessness, stemming from frequent nocturnal arousals, excessive daytime sleepiness, and hypoxia. Clinically, the effects of pediatric apnea appear similar to characteristics of other childhood disorders, most notably attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Efforts to screen for sleep apnea should be regularly employed, especially for children who present with the symptoms discussed. Additional study of pediatric apnea is needed to heighten clinicians' awareness and improve diagnostic accuracy.

Achievement↗
PubMed1997

Parental divorce and intimate relationships of young adults.

This study examined associations among parental divorce, family conflict, sex, and young men's and women's achievement of intimacy. Analyses indicated that family conflict and sex, but not divorce, were significantly related to intimacy. Examination of those within the divorced group suggest that time of divorce, along with family conflict, were related to intimacy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

The influence of separation orientation on life satisfaction in the elderly.

Good health, involvement in social activity, and the presence of a confidant have all been found to be important factors for life satisfaction of the elderly. However, there is a significant minority of the elderly for whom these findings do not hold. The results of this study indicate that individuals' separation orientation helps explain the differential impact of important environmental factors on life satisfaction. Those who are overly dependent tend to be more adversely affected by poor self-rated health and inadequate formal activity than balanced or overly self-sufficient participants. In contrast, the presence of a confidant was associated with higher life satisfaction scores for overly dependent participants, but was associated with decreased life satisfaction for overly self-sufficient participants.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1993

Fears of normal and retarded children.

The developmental features of the fears of 112 nonretarded and 42 retarded children were examined. With development, the fears of nonretarded children became more closely aligned with real sources of threat that involve human agency and less fearful of imaginary things. The retarded children displayed patterns of fears similar to their mental-age peers rather than chronological peers and were more likely to deny being fearful than their nonretarded peers.

Child↗
PubMed1993

Echocardiographic diagnosis of mechanical complications in acute myocardial infarction.

Myocardial infarction occurs with an incidence of approximately 1.5 million cases annually in the United States. Mortality remains at about 12% despite recent advances in medical and interventional therapies. A significant proportion of deaths is due to mechanical complications following infarction. These complications include rupture of the ventricular free wall, septum and papillary muscles. Collectively, they are potentially treatable. However, they require prompt diagnosis and urgent surgical intervention. Traditional measures in the evaluation of these patients include invasive tests such as right heart catheterisation, coronary angiography and contrast left ventriculography, which may be time-consuming and are not without untoward effects. The purpose of this review is to examine the role of echocardiography as an adjunct in the diagnosis of mechanical complications in acute myocardial infarction. Echocardiography is particularly well suited for this purpose as it is safe, performed rapidly and is capable of providing reliable information regarding the presence and location of transmural rupture, interventricular shunts and the evaluation of mitral regurgitation. In addition, echocardiography is capable of assessing overall left ventricular function and regional wall motion abnormalities.

Echocardiography↗
PubMed1992

Factors influencing adjustment in the families of autistic children.

This study investigated factors influencing the adjustment of families of 49 autistic children (38 boys, 11 girls) to the stress of raising an autistic child. Analysis indicated that the severity of the child's disorder (stress), mother's social support (resources), and mother's perceived locus of control (perception) were significant factors in family adjustment. In addition, evidence suggested that agency affiliation also was an unexpected, yet important factor.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

Electrocardiographic criteria for diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy in the presence of complete right bundle branch block.

The usual electrocardiographic criteria recommended for left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy may be unreliable in the presence of complete right bundle branch block (BBB). Thirty-six standard electrocardiographic criteria for LV hypertrophy were evaluated in 100 patients (mean age +/- standard deviation 67 +/- 11 years) with right BBB and technically satisfactory echocardiograms. Eight additional electrocardiographic criteria derived from this study also were evaluated. LV mass index was determined from the echocardiogram using the Penn method. LV hypertrophy defined as LV mass index greater than 132 g/m2 in men and 109 g/m2 in women was present in 56 of the 100 patients. Electrocardiographic criteria with the highest sensitivity were SIII + (R + S) maximal precordial lead greater than or equal to 30 mm (sensitivity 68%), specificity 66%), left axis deviation of -30 degrees to -90 degrees (sensitivity 59%, specificity 71%) and combination of left axis deviation and SIII + (R + S) maximal precordial lead greater than or equal to 30 mm (sensitivity 52%, specificity 84%). The electrocardiographic criteria with the highest sensitivity and specificity greater than 90% were left axis deviation of -30 degrees to -90 degrees and SV1 greater than 2 mm (sensitivity 34%), point-score system, RaVL greater than 12 mm and RI + SIII greater than 25 mm (each with a sensitivity of 27%). In general, limb lead voltage criteria such as RaVL greater than 11 mm (sensitivity 29%, specificity 86%) had higher sensitivities than criteria using right precordial lead S-wave voltage criteria such as SV1 + RV5, V6 greater than 35 mm (sensitivity 2%, specificity 100%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Play in evolution, culture, and individual adaptation: implications for therapy.

In this paper human play is examined from the perspective of its role in evolution. A model of social evolution is proposed to extend the model of biological evolution and to demonstrate the central role of play in the social-evolutionary process. Since in evolution play is a mechanism for its process, it demands species members who are playful. Thus, man is a player by virtue of species membership and the evolutionary pathway of the species. The implications of this deep-seated characteristic of playfulness are discussed in terms of human development. Finally, a set of principles is derived from the evolutionary-developmental characteristics of play. Application of these principles in clinical practice is demonstrated and discussed.

Adolescent↗