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Biomedical subjects

B Velimirovic

Publications and source records attributed to B Velimirovic.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Infection and cancer: current state of art.

Empirical evidence of the association of cancer with parasitic and viral infectious agents has been recognized earlier. Today, viruses are thought to account for about 10% of all cancers and they take a central place in experimental cancer research. This area has expanded tremendously with modern molecular biology techniques, the knowledge of gene expression, cellular enzyme and mechanisms of transformation. However, the last proof of causality is not yet available. Serologic, virologic, experimental and protective evidence is needed to confirm the assumptions in this rapidly developing field of research. The prevention of hepato-cellular carcinoma by effective vaccines now available is, in the opinion of the WHO, at least theoretically possible.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

[Attitude of medical students to alternative healing methods].

In Austria, the interest in alternative healing is obviously increasing, particularly among aspiring physicians. Several separate surveys were carried out by the Institute of Social Medicine in Graz among established physicians, general practitioner trainees and students of the Medical Faculty in order to learn something about their attitudes to alternative therapies. The surveys were directed towards the acceptance or refusal and the utilization of main alternative practices. The attempts show the difficulties in obtaining valid information. Only two satisfied the stringent criteria for the evaluation. This showed that popularity of alternative medicine was pronounced with students. The interest could be explained in part by the insufficiencies in the quality of medical education and by the influence of biased mass media.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1989

[Alternative healing methods in Austria].

The term "alternative medicine" serves as collective name for all healing methods and medicines whose efficacy has not been confirmed by controlled studies and trials. The various methods are separated by a broad spectrum from the scientific opinions of official medicine. Some are close to conventional practice; they are tolerated or even partly integrated into the official healing system, which means that physicians are permitted to apply them. However, this tolerance of non-scientific methods has as consequence led to a weakening of the Austrian law. The official position with respect to the most widely used methods of alternative healing, as well as the aggressive trend towards a technology which supports alternative healing methods, are discussed.

Austria↗
PubMed1989

[Succession from the viewpoint of the primary physician, education of the general physician. Results of a representative survey of faculty of Steiermark].

A study of post-graduate training for physicians, as viewed by the department-chiefs, was carried out in 1989 by the Institute of Social Medicine of the University in Graz, Austria, and compared with the opinions of the trainees themselves, as found in a previous study. The comparison shows that various differences exist, but also agreements between the answers of both studies. Both groups strongly emphasize the need to improve the curriculum of the post-graduate training and the quality control of the performance of trainees, as presently the training does not guarantee a uniform standard. The department-chiefs consider the university training as insufficient in up to 30% in theoretical, and 85% in practical fields.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1989

[The inadequate status of information of interested lay persons about the educational campaign regarding risk factors for cardiovascular diseases].

181 interested individuals (75 males, 106 females; range 16 to 84 years) responded to a questionnaire issued by the Styrian Cardiovascular Lay Society. The main topic of the questionnaire concerned information gained via media, about the possible risk factors related to cardiovascular diseases and about any changes in life style consequent to this information. The results show that the general knowledge in this field especially in younger subjects is disappointing and that there is need for further intensive information and education.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Socio-economic and environmental factors and human health example of cholera El Tor in Manila.

The environmental health factors relevant to the occurrence of cholera in an urban milieu (Manila) have been studied. Cholera has been found to be a disease significantly more prevalent in the areas with lowest environmental condition. Association have been found between the disease incidence and several socioeconomic variables: population density, water and sewer connections each per 1000 population and squatter/slum dweller density. The correlation between cholera incidence and population density was found to be statistically significant at 5% level. A multiple regression analysis showed that the variations in cholera incidence were explained to the extent of 53.23% by the three variables-population density, water and sewer connections. In a check, using data for several years, positive correlations were found between incidence rates and the number of persons per sanitary facility, overcrowding, and density per square kilometer. The association between cholera and the low levels of socioeconomic conditions has been examined in a detailed study of a sample of 711 patients during the cholera season 1971-72. The socioeconomic profile of the sample places the patients in the least affluent part of the community. - The paper points out the need for priority of urban redevelopment in areas of maximum health risk.

Cholera↗
PubMed1975

Use of larvivorous fish for vector control in the Malvides Republic.

The paper reports on the use of three larvivorous fishes in the Maldives Republic: Poecilia reticulata (Poeciliidae), Mollienesia sphenops (Cyprinodontidae) and for the first time Kuhlia taeniurus (Kuhliidae), a sea fish adapted to life in wells, which are the only sources of water supply (with the exception of a few rain-water cisterns). The approximately 20 000 wells are the main and all-year-round breeding places for both Anophelines and Culicines. Due to this type of breeding places, Maldives are in a unique situation, that the fish can theoretically be used as the main control measure for filariasis. This requires an absolute minimum of work and no cost at all. There has been a reduction of the filariasis overall endemicity rates over the last 10 years although no specific measures have been carried out (except in the capital city of Male) nor have any ecological changes taken place, which could explain this decrease. With this decrease however there has been lately a marked reduction in the percentage of wells with fish in some atolls.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Plague and Glasnost. First information about human cases in the USSR in 1989 and 1990.

In October 1989 the first case of plague death in the USSR was reported to WHO. This occurrence in man did not surprise plague experts. The country has extensive enzootic areas and the persistence of natural foci, which can be silent for many years, has been well studied. It is known that the plague bacillus can survive and multiply in the soil of rodent burrows and restart local or more extensive transmissions in carrier animals. Isolated cases in man can remain accidental or they may signal a larger epizootic outbreak. The official policy of the comprehensive antiplague services was to eradicate the natural foci by antirodent activities which proved impossible. The present report from the Central Asian part of the USSR in the wake of Glasnost augurs well for the surveillance of plague worldwide as for a period of over fifty years the occurrence of cases in man in this country had been denied.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Plague in Vienna.

The history of plague in one city--Vienna, Austria--has been traced from records beginning in the fourteenth century until its disappearance in the eighteenth century. Much of the source material for this review is published for the first time in English and is drawn from records maintained by the city of Vienna at the time of each outbreak. The historical context illustrates the reaction of large populations to deadly disease: fear, helplessness, and acceptance of an ever present threat. Concepts of prophylaxis to ward off the infection were haphazard, empiric, and often dependent on the use of medicaments and treatments that were, in modern terms, irrational. The medical and hygienic concepts of the time were principal impediments to more successful control, as is demonstrated by quotations from official documents dealing with attempts to cope with the epidemic. The development of control measures was painfully slow, and ultimate control was not achieved until socioeconomic improvement and concepts of hygiene both reached the point at which the conditions for the spread of the disease could be minimized.

Austria↗