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Biomedical subjects

B Vessby

Publications and source records attributed to B Vessby.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Similar effects of rapeseed oil (canola oil) and olive oil in a lipid-lowering diet for patients with hyperlipoproteinemia.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the metabolic effects of a lipid-lowering diet containing either low erucic rapeseed (canola) oil or olive oil. METHODS: Twenty-two hyperlipidemic patients participated in a cross-over study comprising two consecutive 3.5-week treatment periods. The participants were free-living throughout the study period, visiting the metabolic clinic initially and at the end of each treatment period for weighing and blood sampling. All food was prepared daily and weighed out for each individual appropriate to his/her energy requirement. RESULTS: Total serum cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and the ratio between low-density and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased to the same extent on the two diets tested, as did the apolipoproteins B, A-I and Lp(a). After adjustment for body weight changes, most of the reported effects remained virtually unaltered. However, there was a slightly greater decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with the diet containing rapeseed oil (-17%, p < 0.001) than with the olive oil diet (-13%, p < 0.01) with p < 0.04 for the difference between diets. Also, the intravenous glucose tolerance improved to a similar extent on both diets. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that lipid-lowering diets containing either rapeseed oil or olive oil have similar effects on serum lipoprotein concentration and glucose tolerance in hyperlipidemic subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Nutrition, lipids and diabetes mellitus.

The risk of developing obesity, insulin resistance and noninsulin-dependent diabetes is influenced by the amount and type of fat in the diet. The choice between more monounsaturated fat and more carbohydrate-rich foods in the diabetic diet depends on the status and need of the patient.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2↗
PubMed1995

Effect of fats high in individual saturated fatty acids on plasma lipoprotein[a] levels in young healthy men.

Plasma lipoprotein[a] (Lp[a]) is associated with atherogenesis and thrombogenesis. We examined how plasma Lp[a] in healthy young men was affected by fats high in stearic (C18), palmitic (C16), and lauric+myristic (C12+ C14) acid (experiment I, 15 subjects), and by fats high in myristic (C14) and palmitic (C16) acid (experiment II, 12 subjects). Strictly controlled isocaloric diets with 36% of energy from test fats were served in random order for 3 weeks separated by wash-out period(s). Diets high in C18 gave significantly higher levels of Lp[a] (51(12-560) mg/L) than diets high in C16 (38(12-533 mg/L) (P = 0.020) and C12 + C14 (34(12-534) mg/L) (P = 0.002). These differences were observed in several of the subjects in experiment I. In experiment II we saw no difference in plasma Lp[a] after diets high in C16 and C14. Our observations suggest that a fat high in stearic acid might affect Lp[a] in a different way than fats high in palmitic and myristic+lauric acid. Lp[a] concentrations were not associate with changes in tissue-plasminogen activator (t-PA) activity, factor VII coagualant activity, or plasma LDL cholesterol.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Insulin sensitivity is related to the fatty acid composition of serum lipids and skeletal muscle phospholipids in 70-year-old men.

Recent data indicate that peripheral insulin sensitivity may be influenced by dietary fat quality and skeletal muscle phospholipid fatty acid composition. During a health survey of 70-year-old men insulin sensitivity was measured by the euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp technique and the fatty acid composition of the serum cholesterol esters was determined (n = 215) by gas liquid chromatography. In a subsample the fatty acids of the skeletal muscle phospholipids and triglycerides were determined after fine needle biopsy from m. vastus lateralis (n = 39). The peripheral insulin sensitivity was significantly and negatively correlated to the proportion of palmitic (r = -0.31, p < 0.001), palmitoleic (r = -0.25, p < 0.001) and di-homo-gamma-linolenic (r = -0.33, p < 0.001) acids and positively to the content of linoleic (r = 0.28, p < 0.001) acid in the serum cholesterol esters. There was an even stronger negative relationship to the proportion of palmitic acid in the skeletal muscle phospholipds (r = -0.45, p < 0.004). The fatty acid composition was also significantly related to insulin sensitivity in a stepwise multiple regression analysis in the presence of other clinical variables, which were associated with insulin action in univariate analysis. Thus, more than 51% of the variation of the insulin sensitivity was explained by an equation containing body mass index, serum triglyceride concentration and the content of palmitic acid in the skeletal muscle phospholipids. It is concluded that the fatty acid composition in serum and of the phospholipids of skeletal muscle may influence insulin action in elderly men.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Malondialdehyde concentration in plasma is inversely correlated to the proportion of linoleic acid in serum lipoprotein lipids.

It has been suggested that the susceptibility of low density lipoprotein (LDL) to oxidative stress depends on the balance between its contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants. In a healthy reference population (n = 103), the plasma concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) (mean 0.86, range 0.50-1.27 mumol/l) was positively correlated to the serum concentrations of LDL cholesterol (r = 0.31, P = 0.001), very low density lipoprotein triglycerides (r = 0.25, P = 0.009) and apolipoprotein B (r = 0.23, P = 0.03), and negatively correlated to lipid corrected alpha tocopherol in serum (r = -0.22, P = 0.02) and lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) (r = -0.26, P = 0.01). Plasma MDA was negatively correlated to the content of linoleic acid in the serum lipoprotein phospholipids (r = -0.35, P = 0.0008). In a stepwise regression analysis 12% of the variation in plasma MDA was explained by variations in the content of linoleic acid and 27% after addition of Lp(a) and abdominal sagittal diameter. The significant negative relation between plasma MDA and the amount of linoleic acid in the lipoprotein lipids indicates that other factors, e.g. the availability of anti-oxidants and the lipoprotein metabolism, may be of greater importance for intravascular lipid peroxidation than the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the lipoprotein lipids.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Lipid-lowering diets enriched with monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids but low in saturated fatty acids have similar effects on serum lipid concentrations in hyperlipidemic patients.

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of a diet enriched with monounsaturated (MUFAs) with one enriched with polyunsaturated (PUFAs) fatty acids on the serum lipoprotein composition in patients with hyperlipidemia. A new model for conducting controlled dietary treatment studies in free-living hyperlipidemic patients was tested. Twenty-six patients with an average age of 51 y participated in a crossover study during two consecutive 3.5-wk treatment periods. The mean serum cholesterol and LDL cholesterol decreased by 17% and 19%, respectively, on the MUFA diet. The corresponding figures on the PUFA diet were 19% and 23%, respectively. The HDL-cholesterol concentration was significantly decreased after both dietary periods. No significant differences in any of the variables studied were found between the diets. It is concluded that MUFAs and PUFAs, within a diet with a restricted content of saturated fat and total fat, are interchangeable with regard to lipid-lowering effects among free-living hyperlipidemic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

A diet rich in monounsaturated rapeseed oil reduces the lipoprotein cholesterol concentration and increases the relative content of n-3 fatty acids in serum in hyperlipidemic subjects.

The effects of 3 wk on a diet rich in monounsaturated rapeseed oil were compared with those of a diet containing sunflower oil within a lipid-lowering diet. Ninety-five subjects with moderate hyperlipoproteinemia were randomly assigned to one of the two well-controlled diets prepared at the hospital kitchen. Total serum, low-density- and high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations decreased by 15%, 16%, and 11% (P < 0.001), respectively, on the rapeseed oil diet and by 16%, 14%, and 13% (P < 0.001) on the sunflower oil diet. Serum triglycerides decreased more markedly (by 29%, P < 0.001) on the sunflower oil than on the rapeseed oil diet (14%, P < 0.01). The n-3 fatty acids (20:5 and 22:5) in the serum phospholipids increased significantly on the rapeseed oil diet but decreased on the sunflower oil diet. There was an increase in the alpha-tocopherol concentrations after both diets. The findings indicate that low erucic acid rapeseed oil can replace oils and fats rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids in a lipid-lowering diet.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Dietary carbohydrates in diabetes.

Recent recommendations for dietary treatment of diabetes mellitus aim at a diet low in fat and rich in carbohydrates and dietary fiber. The main rationale for an increase of carbohydrates is the desire to reduce the content of fat, especially saturated fatty acids, without a concomitant increase of dietary protein. There are also indications that an increase of carbohydrate-rich foodstuffs can contribute to an improved metabolic profile. Not only the type of food but also its structure is of importance for the blood glucose and hormone responses after a meal. A diet containing approximately 55% of energy from carbohydrates (corresponding to < or = 30% of energy from fat) with a modest increase of dietary fiber to > or = 3 g/MJ, concentrating on soluble fiber and starch-rich foods with a low glycemic index, will probably be adequate for most patients with diabetes. However, diets with somewhat higher or lower contents of carbohydrates may be more suitable for some patients because dietary advice should always be individualized on the basis of energy requirements, age, metabolic profile, and food habits of the patient.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1994

Effect on blood lipids, coagulation, and fibrinolysis of a fat high in myristic acid and a fat high in palmitic acid.

The hypothesis that myristic acid (C14:0) has a stronger cholesterol-increasing potential than does palmitic acid is based on very few experimental observations. A randomized, strictly controlled dietary study was therefore designed to investigate the effect of a synthetic fat that was high in myristic acid, and palm oil, which is high in palmitic acid, on lipoproteins and hemostatic variables. Twelve men were served two diets (40% of energy as fat) with 41% of fat as myristic (diet M) or palmitic acid (diet P) for 3 wk with 1 mo between the two dietary schedules. Plasma HDL cholesterol was 8% higher with diet M than with diet P: 1.10 +/- 0.06 (mean +/- SEM) vs 1.01 +/- 0.05 mmol/L (P < 0.006). Diet M raised factor VII coagulant (F VIIc) activity to 98% (77-117%) vs 96% (71-109%) (medians and ranges) after diet P (P = 0.02). Total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations did not differ between the diets. In conclusion, the myristic acid test fat was not more cholesterolemic than was palm oil, but it did induce a minor rise in F VIIc activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Cardiovascular risk factors in a Melanesian population apparently free from stroke and ischaemic heart disease: the Kitava study.

OBJECTIVES: To compare cardiovascular risk factor levels between non-westernized Melanesians, apparently free from stroke and ischaemic heart disease, nd healthy Swedish populations, and to analyse, among adult Melanesians, relations with age, sex and smoking status. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SUBJECTS: (i) Traditional horticulturalists in Kitava, Trobriand Islands, Papua New Guinea, uninfluenced by western diet. this study tested 151 males and 69 females aged 14-87 years with 76% and 80% smokers over 20 years. (ii) Healthy Swedish reference populations. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Sitting systolic and diastolic blood pressure, weight, height, body mass index, circumferences of waist, pelvis and mid upper arm, triceps skinfold thickness, fasting serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, estimated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein A1 and apolipoprotein (a). RESULTS: Compared to Sweden, diastolic blood pressure, body mass index and triceps skinfold thickness were substantially lower in Kitava, where all subjects > or = 40 years were below Swedish medians. Among males > or = 20 and females > or = 60 years systolic blood pressure was lower in Kitavans. Fasting serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B were 10-30% lower in Kitavan males > or = 40 and females > or = 60 years. Triglycerides were higher in Kitavans aged 20-39. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol did not differ while apolipoprotein A1 was lower in Kitavans. Apolipoprotein (a) tended to be lower in Kitavans, but the differences were small. CONCLUSIONS: Of the analysed variables, leanness and low diastolic blood pressure seem to offer the best explanations for the apparent absence of stroke and ischaemic heart disease in Kitava. The lower serum cholesterol may provide some additional benefit. Differences in dietary habits may explain the findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

The risk to develop NIDDM is related to the fatty acid composition of the serum cholesterol esters.

This investigation was undertaken to study whether the risk to develop non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) among 50-year-old men during a 10-year follow-up period was related to the fatty acid composition of their serum cholesterol esters. There were highly significant differences in the initial health survey between the fatty acid composition in serum in subjects who remained normoglycemic (n = 1,753) and in those who later developed NIDDM (n = 75). The main differences were that the latter had higher proportions of saturated fatty acids and palmitoleic acid (16:1 omega-7), a low proportion of linoleic acid (18:2 omega-6), and a relatively high content of gamma-linolenic (18:3 omega-6) and dihomo-gamma-linolenic (20:3 omega-6) acids in the serum cholesterol esters. The picture was similar also after adjusting for differences in body mass index. In a logistic model, a high proportion of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid remained a significant contributor to the development of diabetes, along with the height of the insulin index, the blood glucose concentration at 60 min, and the fasting insulin concentration. The increased risk to develop NIDDM related to the serum cholesterol ester fatty acid composition may be mediated by diet and/or genetic factors.

8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid↗
PubMed1994

Effects of a simplified programme for dietary treatment of hyperlipdaemia in primary health care.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a model for dietary treatment of hyperlipidaemia in primary health care. DESIGN: The participating men received their initial dietary instructions from a dietitian, in a group, together with their wives. Thereafter the nurses used a checklist to evaluate dietary compliance throughout the year. The participants completed a simplified food frequency questionnaire six times during the study period. RESULTS: Throughout the year the total body weight, body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio decreased significantly. HDL cholesterol was significantly increased after one year. SETTING: The Industrial Health Care Centre, Ovansiljans Företagshälsovård AB in Mora, Sweden. PARTICIPANTS: 35 men, aged 39-63 years (mean 51), with hyperlipidaemia, discovered at a health survey of persons attending an industrial health care centre. CONCLUSION: A simplified model for treatment of hyperlipidaemic patients can improve the dietary habits in the long term.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Distribution of coronary atherosclerosis and its correlation to metabolic risk factors and femoral atherosclerosis.

Coronary angiography was performed in 216 men of whom 78 also had a cine-angiogram of one femoral artery. Stenoses of the coronary arteries were measured with a pair of calipers and the femoral angiograms were computer-analysed. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to whether the bulk of the coronary stenoses affected the central or the peripheral part of the coronary arteries. The groups were investigated regarding differences in lipid and metabolic risk factors. Coronary atherosclerosis was most often found in the proximal part of the right coronary arteries. No significant correlation between coronary and femoral atherosclerosis was found. Previous myocardial infarction was associated with more coronary artery stenosis (p < 0.003). No pattern of risk factors was found to discriminate between central and peripheral coronary atherosclerosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Similar serum lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in healthy subjects on diets enriched with rapeseed and with sunflower oil.

A double-blind cross-over study was conducted during two 3-week periods to compare the effects of rapeseed oil and sunflower oil, enriching a normal diet, on the lipoprotein and fatty acid composition in healthy subjects. It was carried out in randomized order at residential schools, comprising 101 persons (mean age 29.2 years). The dietary fats used for cooking and as table margarine were prepared from rapeseed oil during one period and from sunflower oil during the other. No changes were made in the total fat content or other dietary nutrients. During both treatment periods the serum cholesterol (-4%, P < 0.001), LDL cholesterol (-5% to -7%, P < 0.01 and 0.001) and apolipoprotein B (-5%, P < 0.001) concentrations decreased significantly and to the same extent, while serum triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-1 and lipoprotein (a) remained virtually unchanged. The content of 18:2 n-6 serum phospholipids was increased after the sunflower oil-enriched diet, and the contents of oleic acid (18:1 n-9), alpha-linolenic acid (18:3 n-3), and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5 n-3) were increased after the rapeseed oil-enriched diet. The concentration of alpha-tocopherol increased and gamma-tocopherol decreased after the sunflower oil-enriched diet, less so after the rapeseed oil-enriched diet. It is concluded that substitution of mono- and polyunsaturated fats for saturated fats without any other dietary changes causes a significant improvement of the lipoprotein profile in healthy subjects. The rapeseed oil and sunflower oil fats were equally effective in this respect. The results also indicate that humans have a certain capacity to elongate and desaturate alpha-linolenic acid to 20:5 n-3 in vivo. Dietary fats based on rapeseed oil seem to be attractive alternatives to the more commonly used oils and fats rich in linoleic acid. Financial support from the Swedish Council for Forestry and Agricultural Research and the Swedish Margarine Industrial Association for Nutritional Physiological Research is gratefully acknowledged.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Tocopherol concentrations in adipose tissue. Relationships of tocopherol concentrations and fatty acid composition in serum in a reference population of Swedish men and women.

The tocopherol concentrations in serum and adipose tissue were studied in relation to the fatty acid composition and clinical characteristics in 110 subjects. The tocopherol concentrations in adipose tissue showed large interindividual variations and were positively correlated to those in serum (r = 0.24-0.31, P < 0.01) but did not increase with age. The ratio between alpha- and gamma-tocopherol in adipose tissue was only about half of that in serum. In serum, but not in adipose tissue, the alpha-tocopherol and linoleic acid concentrations were positively correlated. Serum apolipoprotein B was inversely correlated to lipid-corrected serum alpha-tocopherol (r = -0.22, P = 0.03), indicating decreasing oxidative protection with increasing blood lipids. Measurement of the serum tocopherol concentration in addition to that of the serum lipoprotein concentration may be of value in estimating the risk for coronary heart disease. Whether measurement of the tocopherol concentration in adipose tissue has any advantage over that in serum remains to be determined.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1993

Effects of small doses of bisoprolol on blood pressure and lipoprotein concentrations in hypertensive patients.

The effects of bisoprolol 2.5 and 5 mg per day on blood pressure, and lipoprotein and apolipoprotein concentrations were compared in 18 newly detected hypertensives in a double-blind, crossover study. All treatment results were related to the values at the end of a four-week placebo run-in period. Each of the two following treatment periods lasted for 3 months. The systolic and diastolic pressures in the supine position were reduced by 19.5/11.7 mm Hg and 14.6/10.4 mm Hg by 2.5 and 5 mg bisoprolol per day, respectively, with no significant difference in effect. Supine heart rate was reduced by 4.7 and 8.2 beats.min-1, respectively, (P = 0.0517 for different effects). The cholesterol concentration in low-density (LDL) and high-density (HDL) lipoproteins was reduced during both regimens, by about 0.3 and 0.1 mmol.l-1, respectively, difference not significant. Triglyceride concentrations were not significantly affected during either regimen. We conclude that, in this study population, treatment with bisoprolol 2.5 mg per day was equally effective as 5.0 mg per day in reducing blood pressure. The effects on lipoprotein concentrations were small and included an unexpected reduction in LDL-cholesterol concentration. A low dose of a highly selective beta-adrenoceptor blocker like bisoprolol appears to retain the blood pressure reducing capacity and has lost most of the unfavourable effects on lipoproteins characteristic of higher doses.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Lower tocopherol serum levels in subjects with abdominal adiposity.

OBJECTIVES: Peroxidation of lipoproteins may be of critical importance in the development of atherosclerosis. Tocopherol is considered to be the most effective lipid-soluble antioxidant. The main aim of this study was to measure the serum tocopherol concentrations in a Swedish reference population and to relate them to family history, lifestyle and serum lipoprotein composition. DESIGN: A health survey of risk factors for coronary heart disease was carried out among the employees of a Swedish company. SUBJECTS: Ninety per cent (906) of the employees participated. RESULTS: Mean alpha, beta and gamma tocopherol levels corrected for lipids were 1.57 (SD 0.24), 0.04 (SD 0.01) and 0.20 (SD 0.07) microgram ml-1, respectively. Alpha tocopherol levels were slightly higher in women than in men, but there was no difference between different ages. Smokers had a lower alpha tocopherol level than non-smokers (1.54 and 1.59 micrograms ml-1; P = 0.03) and persons with low physical activity had a lower level than those with high activity (1.53 and 1.62 micrograms ml-1, respectively; P = 0.0002). Alpha tocopherol concentration was inversely correlated to abdominal sagittal diameter (r = -0.24, P = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The average tocopherol concentrations in this Swedish population were higher than in countries with a high incidence of coronary heart disease but similar to those in countries with a similar, intermediate incidence. The inverse correlation to abdominal adiposity may partly explain why this adiposity is a risk factor for coronary heart disease.

Abdomen↗