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Biomedical subjects

B W Gurner

Publications and source records attributed to B W Gurner.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1984

Reaction of human colostral and early milk antibodies with oral streptococci.

Colostrum or early breast milk or both from each of 16 healthy women contained agglutinating antibodies for all normal streptococcal inhabitants of the human oral cavity (S. mutans, S. sanguis, S. mitis, and S. salivarius), including those which colonize the neonatal oral cavity in significant numbers. Agglutination correlated with the amount of immunoglobulin A (IgA) binding to bacterial surfaces as measured by mixed reverse passive antiglobulin hemagglutination. Surprisingly, colostral IgA agglutinated our control organism, Brucella abortus. Low levels of colostral or milk IgM and IgG antibodies also reacted with all of the test bacteria. Absorption studies with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that a proportion of antibodies in colostrum and early milk is specific for each of the different oral streptococci. Fractionation on Sepharose 4B indicated that 11S secretory IgA is the predominant form of colostral and milk antibody for all of the test bacteria, including B. abortus. No evidence was found that reactions other than antigen-antibody reactions resulted in binding of colostral immunoglobulins by any of the test bacteria.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1983

Glutaraldehyde stabilisation of antibody-linked erythrocytes for use in reverse passive and related haemagglutination assays.

A simple method for stabilising antibody-linked red blood cells by the addition of low concentrations of glutaraldehyde is described. Fresh and stabilised reagent-linked cells were shown to compare favourably in reverse passive haemagglutination for the measurement of human immunoglobulin isotypes, G, A and M and for the detection of respiratory syncytial and herpes simplex viruses. Stabilised cells were also used to detect antibodies to bacteria and to a soluble antigen adsorbed to a solid phase by mixed haemagglutination reactions.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The demonstration of sIg, MHC and T cell antigens and Fc receptors on the lymphocyte surface by anti-globulin rosetting reactions: some technical considerations.

The previously shown marked difference in sensitivity of antiglobulin rosette formation and immunofluorescence was confirmed in detection of varying amounts of anti-Ig bound to B cells. The direct and indirect rosette method revealed twice the number of sIg+ cells shown by direct immunofluorescence (DIF), and at least an order of magnitude more antibody on the cell surface is necessary to detect the conventional B cells (shown by DIF) by indirect immunofluorescence compared with indirect antiglobulin (IARR) rosette formation. Variants of the sensitive IARR test were developed to reveal general lymphocyte, MHC class I and class II and T cell-specific antigens and Fc receptors using xenogeneic or allogeneic reagents. Sensitive indicator cells were used which form almost no rosettes with unsensitized lymphocytes although coated with IgG which would otherwise bind to the Fc receptor. The suggestion that chromic chloride treatment inactivates the relevant Fc determinants was supported by experiments showing the failure of IgG antibody-sensitized bovine RBC (standard Fc indicator cells) to form rosettes after treatment with chromic chloride.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Measure of rheumatoid factor in human sera by passive haemagglutination of human erythrocytes carrying immunoglobulin linked by chromic chloride.

Serum rheumatoid factor in sero-positive patients with rheumatoid arthritis may be measured by passive haemagglutination of trypsin-treated human red cells linked with heat-aggregated human IgG by chromic chloride. The results show excellent correlation with those obtained with the classical Rose-Waaler test. The sera may be tested unheated and do not require preliminary absorption with red cells. By this test procedure it should also be possible to analyse the species, allotypic and conformational specificity of different rheumatoid factors.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

A simplified procedure for measuring the class of anti-bacterial antibodies by mixed reverse passive antiglobulin haemagglutination (MRPAH).

A modified procedure is described for performing the MRPAH (mixed reverse passive antiglobulin haemagglutination) reaction as a simple micro-method to measure the classes of bacterial antibodies. This 'bacterial dilution procedure' gave results closely correlated with those obtained by the 'serum (sample) dilution procedure' previously reported and with great economy of materials, labour and time. The method was used to investigate human serum antibodies to Br. abortus and S. enteritidis and serum and secretory antibodies to Strep. mutans. The good reproducibility of the MRPAH reaction was demonstrated by re-examining brucellosis sera tested one year previously. MRPAH was sufficiently sensitive to demonstrate the small amounts of IgG and IgM antibodies to Strep. mutans in human colostrum and early milk. A rise of antibody levels in the different immunoglobulin classes G, A and M was readily demonstrated in sera from individuals with salmonellosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Detection of protein A-like substances on haemolytic streptococci prior to use in mixed reverse passive antiglobulin haemagglutination (MRPAH).

Before mixed reverse passive antiglobulin haemagglutination tests (MRPAH) can be used to measure the class of bacterial antibodies, the bacteria have to be shown to be free of Protein A or Protein A-like substances on their surfaces. Two basic procedures have been examined: haemagglutination of red cells coated with immunoglobulin by the bacteria, and the MRPAH reaction itself to reveal absorption of purified gamma Fc by the bacterial suspension. The use of a purified gamma Fc component has proved successful in providing a sensitive test for the detection of Protein A-like substances on the surface of bacterial. In addition to both the Cowan and Wood strains of Staph, aureus, strains of haemolytic streptococci of groups A, C and G had Protein A-like substances on their surfaces. In contrast, strains of group B and group D, as well as Strep. milleri, had no detectable Protein A-like activity.

Absorption↗
PubMed1979

Comparison of the direct antiglobulin rosetting reaction (DARR) and direct immunofluorescence (DIF) for demonstration of sIg-bearing lymphocytes in pigs, sheep and cattle.

Tests with untreated and trypsin-treated red cells (rbc) from a variety of species showed that anti-Ig-coupled pig RBC are good indicator cells for the study of ruminant blood sIg + lymphocytes by the DARR test; coupled donkey and rabbit RBC are suitable for investigating pig lymphocytes. The different species showed the following percentages of sIg + lymphocytes (M +/- SE) by direct immunofluorescence (DIF) and the direct antiglobulin rosetting reaction (DARR) respectively:pigs 9.2 +/- 0.7% and 16.3 +/- 1.2%; sheep 20.2 +/- 1.2% and 33.1 +/- 1.6%; Cattle 13.5 +/- 1.4% and 28.9 +/- 3.5%. The mean ratio of sIg + lymphocytes shown by the two tests (DARR/DIF) for each species was 1.80 +/- 0.08 for pigs, 1.73 +/- 0.7 for sheep and 2.15 +/- 0.18 for cattle. Preincubation of pig and sheep lymphocytes at 37 degrees for 1 h did not alter the proportion of sIg + lymphocytes detected by either test. Thus the DARR test reveals a further population of sIg + lymphocytes in addition to that detected by immunofluorescence, whose number is proportional to the B population as measured by DIF and whose sIg is intimately associated with the membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The class of antibodies sensitizing bacteria measured by mixed reverse passive antiglobulin haemagglutination (MRPAH).

A test is described which is capable of differentiating and measuring by titration the individual classes of antibody reacting with a bacterial suspension. The serum or fluid under test is incubated with the bacteria which are then very well washed and added to indicator red cells linked with specific antiglobulin reagents. Sensitization of the bacteria by a particular class of antibody is shown by haemagglutination (passive) of the appropriate red cells. Agglutination of the bacteria themselves does not preclude an analysis. The reaction, which has been developed on a brucella system, has been designated Mixed Reverse Passive Antiglobulin Haemagglutination (or MRPAH for short).

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic↗
PubMed1976

Receptors for antibody-opsonic adherence on the eosinophils of guinea pigs.

Eosinophils have recently been implicated in antibody-dependent cell-mediated damage to schistosomula. Because of this, eosinophils of the guinea pig have been examined for surface receptors capable of giving antibody opsonic adherence; a rosetting reaction has been used. The eosinophils were shown to possess Fc receptors for homologous immunoglobulin. No selective difference between IgG1 and IgG2 was observed. In marked contrast to macrophages, guinea pig eosinophils failed to show opsonic adherence to red cells sensitized to a comparable degree with rabbit antibody. With red cell antibodies made in the pig, however, the reciprocal situation held, namely opsonic adherence was stronger with eosinophils than with macrophages.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Increased affinity of guinea pig thymocytes and thymus-dependent lymphocytes for papain-treated rabbit erythrocytes compared to untreated erythrocytes.

The affinity of guinea pig thymocytes and peripheral T lymphocytes for rabbit erythrocytes was found to be enhanced following treatment of the erythrocytes with papain. By increasing the numbers of rosette-forming cells and giving stronger, more stable rosettes, this procedure increases the usefulness of the reaction as a T cell marker in guinea pigs.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Observations on rabbit thymocytes and peripheral T cells. II. Rosette formation with rabbit erythrocytes.

The affinity of rabbit thymocytes and a proportion of lymphocytes for homologous and autologous erythrocytes has been investigated. Thymocytes were found to rosette strongly with untreated, washed erythrocytes, although reactions on peripheral lymphocytes from blood and lymph nodes were weaker. Enzyme treatment of the erythrocytes was used in attempts to improve reactions with peripheral lymphocytes. While neuraminidase-treated cells showed no increased reactivity, erythrocytes treated with papain were more firmly bound and reacted with greater numbers of blood and lymph node cells. Evidence was obtained to show that peripheral lymphocytes which have an affinity for papain-treated erythrocytes belong to the thymus-derived T cell population.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Observations on rabbit thymocytes and peripheral T cells. I. Anomalous results in the mixed antiglobulin reaction caused by non-specific adsorption of sheep immunoglobulin.

The "single-stage" mixed antiglobulin reaction (MAR) was carried out with rabbit thymocytes. This test involved treating the cells with either sheep or goat anti-rabbit globulin sera, and subsequently reacting them with indicator erythrocytes coated with rabbit immunoglobulin (Ig) so as to form rosettes. An unexpectedly high number (up to 38%) of thymocytes reacted, although the rosettes were weaker than those given by peripheral B lymphocytes. When blood and lymph node lymphocytes or thymus cells which had already been treated with sheep anti-rabbit globulin serum were subsequently exposed to rabbit anti-sheep Ig serum and then rosetted with indicator cells coated with ox Ig (cross-reacts with sheep Ig) almost 100% reaction was obtained in each of the cell suspensions. This was designated the "two-stage" MAR. The anomalous results, both in the one-stage and two-stage MAR, were abolished by pepsin-treating the sheep anti-rabbit globulin serum; thus indicating that sheep Ig is adsorbed non-specifically via the Fc part of the molecules to the surface of rabbit thymocytes and peripheral T lymphocytes.

Adsorption↗