Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to B W Mahy.
Rats and mice, in contrast to rabbits, appeared to be insusceptible to the development of rheumatoid-like joint lesions on repeated injections with bovine serum--the serum sickness model. Persistent infection of mice with the lactic dehydrogenase virus likewise failed to induce joint lesions.
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The effects of cell metabolic activity on the outcome of influenza virus infection were studied in partially synchronized chick embryo fibroblast cultures. There was no evidence to show that the time in the cell cycle at which cells were infected had any significant effect on the final virus yield. However, some differences were detected in the length of the latent period between infections established in synchronized or in stationary cells. Influenza virus could replicate in synchronized or normal cell cultures in which DNA synthesis was inhibited with 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine (ara-A).
Peripheral blood lymphocytes cultured in the presence of phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, or pokeweed mitogen were exposed in vitro to influenza A virus. The synthesis of several virus-specific proteins, including the nucleoprotein, membrane protein, and nonstructural 1 protein were detected, although no infectious virus was produced by the lymphocyte cultures. Evidence was obtained that only a subpopulation of mitogen-transformed cells would support virus protein synthesis. A comparison of the interactions of influenza A virus with lymphocytes from normal individuals and from rheumatoid arthritis patients showed that the same range of virus-specific proteins were made, in similar quantities, regardless of the source of lymphocytes.
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The DNA of avian sarcoma virus assumes a closed circular configuration before integration into the host cell chromosomal DNA. Ethidium bromide reduces the formation of superhelical viral DNA and concurrently blocks integration of the viral genome. Inhibition of integration of viral DNA results in the inhibition of virus replication.
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Nuclei purified from chicken embryo fibroblast cells infected with influenza (fowl plague) virus contain an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. The in vitro activity of this enzyme is insensitive to actinomycin D, and is completely destroyed by preincubation with ribonuclease. Enzyme induction is prevented if cells are treated with actinomycin D or cycloheximide at the time of infection. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity increases rapidly in cell nuclei from 1 h postinfection, reaches a maximum at 3 to 4 h, then declines; a similar RNA polymerase activity in the microsomal cell fraction increases from 2 h postinfection and reaches a maximum at 5 to 6 h. The characteristics of the nuclear and microsomal enzymes in vitro are similar with respect to pH and divalent cation requirements. The in vitro products of enzyme activity present in the nuclear and microsomal fractions of cells infected for 3 and 5 h were characterized by sucrose density gradient analysis, and annealing to virion RNA. The microsomal RNA polymerase product contained 67 and 93% RNA complementary to virion RNA at 3 and 5 h, respectively; for the nuclear RNA polymerase product these values were 40% in each case.
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