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Biomedical subjects

B W Parry

Publications and source records attributed to B W Parry.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Stability of canine factor VIII activity and von Willebrand factor antigen concentration in vitro.

The in vitro stability of canine factor VIII activity, von Willebrand factor antigen concentration and the ratio of these two factors was studied. Samples were stored for up to 48 hours, either as plasma or as whole blood, at 4 degrees, 20 degrees and 37 degrees C. Factor VIII activity was generally stable in both plasma and whole blood samples for up to 48 hours at 4 degrees or 20 degrees C. The concentration of von Willebrand factor antigen was more stable in samples stored as plasma than whole blood, and for a shorter time than factor VIII activity. Consequently, the stability of the ratio of these two factors was relatively poor in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Pleural effusion secondary to thoracic metastatic mammary adenocarcinoma in a mare.

A 17-year-old Quarter Horse mare was examined nearly 3 years after excision and cryotherapy of a papillary mammary gland adenocarcinoma. The mare had been used for pleasure riding since surgery, but had recently developed progressive dyspnea. The mare had clinical evidence of pleural effusion, but died before further clinical examination and treatment were instituted. Necropsy revealed deep mammary masses with similar nodules in the deep inguinal, renal, and mediastinal lymph nodes and in the lungs, pericardium, visceral and parietal pleurae, and left ovary. The masses were identified as papillary mammary gland adenocarcinoma. Large volumes of free pleural and peritoneal fluid were detected. The pleural fluid contained similar neoplastic cells that could have been readily detected by exfoliative cytologic examination had the mare survived.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

Diagnosis of feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus infections.

Feline leukemia virus is an oncogenic retrovirus that can result in a wide variety of neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases, including immunosuppression. Diagnosis of FeLV infection can be achieved by several methods, including virus isolation; IFA assay of a peripheral blood smear; and detection of a viral protein (called p27) by ELISA testing of whole blood, plasma, serum, saliva, or tears. Commercially available ELISA kits have revolutionized FeLV testing and have become very popular as "in-house" procedures. This article discusses the interpretation of ELISA results and compares them with IFA assay findings. Feline immunodeficiency virus is a lentivirus that causes immunosuppression, but not neoplasia, in cats. It originally was called feline T-lymphotropic lentivirus. Differentiating FIV infection from the immunosuppressive type of FeLV infection requires virus isolation or serology. The most rapid method for diagnosis of FIV infection is ELISA testing for antiviral antibody.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Laboratory evaluation of hemorrhagic coagulopathies in small animal practice.

Assessment of animals with a suspected hemorrhagic diathesis of unknown cause(s) should be methodical. Most acquired coagulopathies result from thrombocytopenia. A platelet estimate (from a blood smear) and/or a platelet count on a fresh blood sample therefore are useful first steps in case evaluation. If thrombocytopenia is present, the most likely causes are immune-mediated destruction of platelets, DIC, or megakaryocytic hypoplasia. These diagnoses can be pursued by further test, including antiplatelet antibody assays (for example, the platelet factor 3 tests or an ELISA test), measurement of FDP, and bone marrow biopsy, respectively. If the platelet count is normal, a buccal mucosa bleeding time test is a useful second step. If this is prolonged, most likely causes are vWD or a thrombocytopathy (functional platelet defect). von Willebrand's disease can be diagnosed by measurement of vWf concentration or activity. A normal bleeding time does not exclude a diagnosis of vWD, but suggests that the functional activity of vWf is not compromised markedly. If the bleeding time is normal, APTT and PT should be measured. A prolonged APTT with normal PT, in the clinical setting, implies a deficiency of factor XI, IX, or VIII. A prolonged PT with normal APTT indicates factor VII deficiency. Prolongation of both APTT and PT usually is caused by a deficiency of several factors and is seen most often in cases with vitamin K deficiency or antagonism. Obviously, if a particular cause is suspected from the case history or for other reasons, appropriate tests should be evaluated at the beginning. If these do not confirm the provisional diagnosis, the just-described protocol might be a useful one to follow.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Cytology of the canine reproductive system.

The methods for semen collection, its laboratory examination, and the interpretation of findings are presented in this article. The lack of comprehensive data for normal dogs and the lack of data associating actual percentages of spermatozoa with specific abnormalities with fertility or infertility are highlighted. Consequently, there is a need for standardization and completeness of semen examination procedures, especially in studies destined for publication. Collection and analysis of prostatic samples then is discussed, and the distinguishing cytological features of benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatic adenocarcinoma, prostatis (including prostatic abscessation), and prostatic cysts are presented. This is followed by an assessment of the clinical usefulness of vaginal cytology, particularly to assist in the management of normal canine reproduction and in the diagnosis of reproductive disorders. The ways in which vaginal smears can facilitate the diagnosis of the stage of the estrous cycle and the diagnosis of abnormalities of the cycle and other disorders of reproduction are presented. Further consideration is given to its use to estimate the time of ovulation retrospectively and estimate the time of whelping prospectively. Finally, two specific diseases that can affect dogs and bitches are reviewed, namely, canine brucellosis and transmissible venereal tumor.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Observations on blood coagulation after snakebite in dogs and cats.

Blood samples from 13 cases of snakebite, 6 in dogs and 7 in cats, were tested for activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT) and fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDP). Four cases were tested for fibrinogen concentration. Based on the results of a commercially available ELISA test, 9 cases were caused by tiger snakes (Notechis scutatus) and 1 case by a brown snake (Pseudonaja textilis). Three other cases had clinical signs and increased creatine phosphokinase values which suggested tiger snake envenomation. Although the period post-envenomation varied, results indicated a marked prolongation of the APTT and PT in 5 of 6 dogs. Three of these 5 dogs also had increased FDP values and 3 (of 3 examined) were hypofibrinogenaemic. Clinical manifestations of this coagulopathy were: haematoma formation after venepuncture (3 cases), gingival petechiae (1 case) and hyphaema (1 case). In contrast, there was minimal or no prolongation of the APTT and PT values, and no increase in FDP, in all 7 cats. Furthermore, no cat exhibited clinical signs of a coagulopathy.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Stability of canine factor VIII: coagulant activity in vitro.

A pilot study was undertaken to assess the stability of canine factor VIII:coagulant (FVIII:C) activity over three days, under various storage conditions (plasma at 4, 20 and 37 degrees C, whole blood at 4 and 20 degrees C). Blood collected from normal and hemophiliac dogs was used. Both plasma and whole blood samples appeared to be stable for up to 48 h at 4 and 20 degrees C. A subsequent study evaluated FVIII:C stability at 4 and 20 degrees C when stored as whole blood only. Samples were tested at 0, 24 and 48 h after collection. At 4 degree C there was a significant decline at 24 h (p less than 0.05), from 110% to 97% (mean values). Although the mean value was further decreased at 48 h (89%) this was not significant (p greater than 0.05). No significant change in FVIII:C activity was observed in whole blood stored at 20 degrees C for 24 or 48 h (110% and 107% respectively). These results suggest that canine whole blood samples collected into sodium citrate stored at 20 degrees C are adequate for routine FVIII:C assay for up to 48 h after collection.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Changes in equine carpal joint synovial fluid in response to the injection of two local anesthetic agents.

The effects of repeated arthrocentesis and injection of local anesthetic agents, lidocaine HCl or mepivacaine HCl on the equine middle carpal joint were investigated. Synovial fluid samples were evaluated before, and 12, 24 and 48 hours following, treatment. The greatest changes from pretreatment values occurred in synovial fluid cellularity. Repeated arthrocentesis caused a moderate increase in cell counts, while injection of local anesthetics caused a greater increase. Alterations in mucin clot quality, hyaluronic acid content, fluid viscosity, total protein and immunoglobulin G were generally of no significance. The most sensitive sampling time to detect changes caused by a given treatment was 24 hours following treatment while the 12 hour sampling period appeared to be the best at detecting differences between treatments. Repeated arthrocentesis has a definite effect on synovial fluid composition but the effects appear to decrease with repeated centesis. Lidocaine HCl and mepivacaine HCl are irritating to the synovial environment. Clear differences between responses to the drugs could not be identified.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Haemophilia A in German shepherd dogs.

Haemophilia A was diagnosed in 14 male German shepherd dogs. Factor VIII: coagulant (FVIII:C) activities ranged from 1.13% of a normal canine plasma pool. von Willebrand's factor antigen values were normal or increased in all 9 of these dogs which were tested. Twelve of these dogs had a common maternal grandsire. Five dogs had exhibited no tendency to bleed (when tested between 2 to 23 months of age). They were tested because of pedigree links with clinically affected animals. Common clinical signs in the latter dogs included: bleeding from the mouth, subcutaneous and intramuscular haematomas and lameness. Since these dogs usually had a mild to moderate deficiency of FVIII:C, they may survive to adulthood without exhibiting clinical signs severe enough to necessitate veterinary attention.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Use of clinical pathology in evaluation of horses with colic.

Clinical pathology is a valuable adjunct to physical examination of cases of colic. The present review considers evaluation of cases of colic for three main purposes: (1) making a prognosis, (2) deciding whether to operate, and (3) making a diagnosis. Blood tests noted to be useful for prognostication were hematocrit, lactate and urea nitrogen concentrations, pH, anion gap, fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products, antithrombin III activity, prothrombin time, and thrombin time. Horses with a poor prognosis often have relative polycythemia, marked lactic acidosis, high anion gap, azotemia, and coagulation abnormalities evidenced by increased fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products, decreased antithrombin III activity, and prolonged prothrombin and thrombin times. The decision to operate is usually a clinical one, supported by relative polycythemia, hyperglycemia, and, possibly, abnormal peritoneal fluid analysis. Diagnosis of the primary problem (causing the colicky signs) is also often based largely on physical examination. However, peritoneal fluid analysis provides worthwhile data, especially in cases of peritonitis or intestinal ischemia and infarction.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Survey of resting blood pressure values in clinically normal horses.

Resting coccygeal blood pressure values were measured, indirectly, on 296 horses (97 Thoroughbreds, 97 Standardbreds and 102 hacks). Blood pressure was found to vary with the class of horse examined; on average Thoroughbreds had significantly higher values than Standardbreds and hacks, whereas blood pressures of the last two groups were not significantly different. There was no demonstrable effect of sex, height or heart rate on blood pressure, but temperature and age did influence the value recorded. Mean (+/- sd) (n = 296) coccygeal uncorrected values (systolic pressure/diastolic pressure) were 112.1 +/- 16.5/77.3 +/- 14.3 mmHg. Allowing for bladder width to tail girth ratios used in each measurement, actual coccygeal pressures of 122.8 +/- 18.6/71.0 +/- 13.4 mmHg were determined. The latter corresponded to values of 149.4 +/- 19.0/97.6 +/- 14.0 mmHg, when corrected to heart (shoulder) level. Normal limits (defined as within 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles) for all horses, regardless of class, were 80 to 144 mmHg/49 to 105 mmHg for coccygeal uncorrected values and 86 to 159 mmHg/45 to 97 mmHg adjusted for bladder width to tail girth ratio.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

Importance of uniform cuff application for equine blood pressure measurement.

Seventeen horses were used to determine the variances associated with blood pressure cuff application (Sp2) and with other inherent errors (So2). Systolic pressure values had Sp2 = 3.9 mmHg and So2 = 5.6 mmHg, while diastolic pressure values had Sp2 = 1.1 mmHg and So2 = 4.4 mmHg. Thus, to be considered different, two blood pressure means (in mmHg), each derived from three readings, had to differ by at least 3.9 for systolic pressure and 3.4 for diastolic pressure when all readings were made without cuff displacement; 6.8 for systolic pressure and 4.6 for diastolic pressure when the cuff was reapplied between, but not during, measurement of each mean; and 5.0 for systolic pressure and 3.8 for diastolic pressure when the cuff was reapplied between all readings. It was concluded that uniform cuff application is readily achieved.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1983

Influence of acepromazine maleate on the equine haematocrit.

The effect of acepromazine maleate (ACP) on the equine venous haematocrit and total plasma protein concentration was studied in six clinically normal horses. Total plasma protein concentration was not appreciably influenced by ACP. However, the haematocrit decreased with the duration, but not the degree, of the decrease being dose-related. Mean haematocrit values returned to control levels by 12 h after 0.05 mg ACP/kg body weight and 21 h after 0.15 mg ACP/kg body weight.

Acepromazine↗
PubMed1983

Prognosis in equine colic: a comparative study of variables used to assess individual cases.

The present retrospective study compared objectively the prognostic value of many variables routinely used in the assessment of equine colic cases. The best prognostic variables were those which assessed the integrity of cardiovascular function. Ranked in order of decreasing merit the following variables were able to discriminate between horses which lived and those which died: systolic pressure, blood lactate concentration, oral mucous membrane capillary refill time, diastolic pressure, arterial pulse amplitude, degree of mental depression, blood urea concentration, haematocrit, heart rate, haematocrit/plasma protein ratio, oral mucous membrane colour, jugular filling rate, frequency of gut sounds, differential blood leucocyte count, blood glucose concentration and respiratory rate. Assessment of systolic pressure alone appropriately classified the outcome (survival or death) of 86 per cent (64 out of 73) cases examined. Combined assessment of systolic pressure, blood lactate concentration, blood urea concentration and haematocrit permitted accurate classification of 93 per cent (68 of 73) of the cases examined. Outcome classification formulae for these four variables, alone and in all combinations, are presented.

Animals↗