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B W Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to B W Wilson.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Properties of muscles from chickens with inherited muscular dystrophy.

Inherited muscular dystrophy of the chicken is an abnormality affecting the normal development and function of fast-twitch skeletal muscles. Several different strains of dystrophic chickens have been developed by selection for high lipid content in the pectoralis muscle and early onset of the disorder or by outcrossing the original New Hampshire stock into an inbred White Leghorn breed. The purpose of this study was to determine whether fast-twitch dystrophic muscles differ in expressed properties within the same bird and to examine the differences in gene expression between dystrophic New Hampshire and White Leghorn breeds. The biochemical and physiological properties examined were lactate dehydrogenase and acetylcholinesterase activities, total lipid content, muscle fiber diameter and electromyographic insertion activity. Results showed that fiber diameter and lipid levels were different in muscles within individual birds of two dystrophic lines and that the dystrophic gene causes rapid fiber atrophy and high lipid content in the White Leghorn breed. In addition, differences in lactate dehydrogenase activity and electromyographic patterns were found between two dystrophic lines. The results suggest that the expressed properties differ within each muscle of the dystrophic bird and that the expression of the dystrophic genes is dependent upon the nature of the genetic background of the breed.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1980

Identification of primary aromatic amines in mutagenically active subfractions from coal liquefaction materials.

Gas-chromatographic mass spectral (GCMS) analyses were performed on mutagenically active components from the basic, basic tar and neutral tar subfractions of a coal-derived liquid heavy distillate. The latter material is a component fraction of an experimental oil produced in a solvent refined coal process (SRC II) pilot plant. Mutagenicity was determined with the Ames/Salmonella assay system. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was used to separate mutagenically active components of the basic, basic tar and neutral tar fractions from some of the other compounds contained in these complex materials. For the 3 fractions tested, mutagenic activity was localized in approx. the same TLC regions, with relative mobilities (Rf) ranging from 0.1 to 0.3. GCMS analysis of the TLC regions showed that the concentrations of primary aromatic amines, as obtained by measuring peak areas for the (M + 1)+ ion as formed in the chemical ionization mode, followed essentially the same distribution as the mutagenic activity. Primary aromatic amines identified in the active regions included aminonaphthalenes, aminoanthracenes, aminophenanthrenes, aminopyrenes and aminochrysenes. With the exception of small amounts of aminonaphthalene, primary aromatic amines were not found in TLC regions that lacked mutagenic activity.

Amines↗
PubMed1978

Effects of phenytoin on acetylcholinesterase activity and cell protein in cultured chick embryonic skeletal muscle.

Cultured pectoral muscle from 11-day-old chick embryos was treated for 48 h with phenytoin (diphenylhydantoin, DPH) in concentrations ranging from 15 to 270 microgram/ml on days 7-9 in vitro. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7), creatine phosphokinase (CPK, EC 2.7.3.2), and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH, EC 1.1.1.27) activities, [3H]leucine incorporation into protein, and total protein of the cultures decreased in a dose-related manner with DPH concentrations of 30 microgram/ml and greater. Total AChE activity and AChE activity released into the medium were specifically decreased with 15 microgram DPH per millilitre. In cultures treated chronically with 15 microgram DPH per millilitre on days 5-13 in vitro, total AChE activity and AChE activity released into the medium were 66.0 +/- 13.2 and 64.7 +/- 11.8% of untreated controls, respectively, but cellular AChE activity, cell protein, and [3H]leucine incorporation into protein were unaffected. The results indicate that DPH specifically decreases the total net synthesis of AChE activity by a direct action on cultured chick embryo muscle.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1978

Ultrastructural localization of acetylcholinesterase in cultured cells. III. DFP treated embryo muscle.

Brief treatment with 10(-4)M diisopropylfluorophosphate (DEP) irreversibly inactivates acetylcholinesterase (E.C.3.1.1.7; acetylcholine hydrolase) (AChE) activity in 10 day old chick embryonic muscle cultures. Electron microscopic cytochemistry was employed to follow the distribution of new AChE during recovery from DEP treatment. In normal 10 day cultures of embryo pectoralis muscles AChE is localized in the nuclear envelope, perinuclear sarcoplasm, sarcotubular system, subsurface vesicles and bound outside the cells. Immediately after DFP treatment AChE activity is absent in large myotubes. Within 15 min, activity is randomly present in small amounts in the sarcotubular system and nuclear envelope. There is a dramatic increase in activitv in the nuclear envelope during the 1st hr of recovery, and connections between the nuclear envelope and sarcotubular system are often seen. The next few hr of recovery show increased AChE activity. By 4 hr activity approaches that of controls. Six to 8 hr after treatment, AChE activity can be detected spectrophotometrically in the medium and can be seen bound outside the cells with the electron microscope. The spatial and temporal patterns of AChE activity demonstrate that the recovery of AChE and its mobilization and release from DFP-treated cells are not governed solely by the levels attained by the enzyme in the cultured embryo muscle.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1978

The application of mass spectrometry to the study of the pineal gland.

This paper presents briefly the basic principles of operation for the mass spectrometer (MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectromtery (GCMS) systems as well as discuss some of the analytical and assay methods for indole compounds which utilize GCMS. Using 5-methoxytryptophol as an example, the development of such an assay method is examined in detail. Finally, some of the most recent methodological and instrumental developments in mass spectrometry, including field disorption mass spectrometry (FDMS), negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry, and isotope dilution techniques are discussed in view of the contributions they may be expected to make to the study of pineal chemistry.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Avian muscular dystrophy: functional and biochemical improvement with diphenylhydantoin.

Chicks affected with hereditary muscular dystrophy were injected twice daily with 20 milligrams of diphenylhydantoin per kilogram of body weight on days 1 to 40 after hatching. The righting ability of dystrophic chicks treated with diphenylhydantoin was improved compared to that of untreated dystrophic chicks, and acetylcholinesterase activity was reduced to normal levels in the posterior latissimus dorsi muscles.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1977

Determination of bupivacaine in human fetal and neonatal blood samples by quantitative single ion monitoring.

The blood levels of bupivacaine administered epidurally during labour have been determined in mother, fetus and the newborn infant by quantitative single ion monitoring, following gas chromatographic separation. Concentrations were determined from the height of the peak obtained at m/e 140 derived from bupivacaine compared with that at m/e 154 derived from the internal standard, 1-n-pentyl-2-(2',6'-xylylcarbamoyl)piperidine. Results from six mothers and their infants showed that the drug passed rapidly from the maternal circulation to the infant. The plasma half-life of the drug in the newborn infant was 18 h compared with 1.25 h for the adult.

Bupivacaine↗
PubMed1977

Ultrastructural localization of acetylcholinesterase in cultured cells. II. Cycloheximide-treated embryo muscle.

The acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) of cultured chick embryo muscle fibers that remains after the cells have been treated with the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide was examined with cytochemical stains and the electron microscope. AChE activity that decreased rapidly after addition of the inhibitor was associated with enzyme within the cells, and AChE activity that was relatively insensitive to the inhibitor was associated with AChE outside of the cells. The results support the view that there are at least two fractions of AChE in developing muscle fibers, one intracellular and labile, the other extracelullar and stable.

Acetylcholinesterase↗