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Biomedical subjects

B Wolach

Publications and source records attributed to B Wolach.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Polycythemia of the preterm and full-term newborn infant: relationship between hematocrit and gestational age, total blood solutes, reticulocyte count, and blood pH.

The umbilical venous hematocrit at birth (Hct 1) and the peripheral venous hematocrit at 2 h of life (Hct 2) were determined in 78 healthy full-term and 14 healthy preterm newborn infants. Hct 1 was 51.6 +/- 4.1% in full-term infants and 50.8 +/- 4% in preterm infants. Hct 2 was 60.9 +/- 2 and 58.6 +/- 6.1% in full-term and preterm infants, respectively. Significant differences between Hct 1 and Hct 2 were found in both groups of infants (p less than 0.01). The blood viscosity increased significantly in both groups from birth to 2 h of life. Neonatal polycythemia (Hct higher than 70% at 2 h of life) was detected in only 3 full-term infants (3.8%). They received partial exchange transfusion. There was a positive linear correlation of Hct 1 with Hct 2 in full-term newborns (r = 0.71, p less than 0.001) and preterm infants (r = 0.57, p less than 0.02). No infants with Hct 1 equal to or below 50% had Hct 2 higher than 65%. None with Hct 1 between 51 and 54% had Hct 2 higher than 70%. Neither Hct 1 nor Hct 2 correlated with birth weight, gestational age, total blood solutes, or reticulocyte counts at birth in either group. An inverse linear correlation was found between blood pH at birth and Hct 2 in preterm newborn infants (r = 0.66, p less than 0.02).

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1992

Neonatal hyperparathyroidism. Conservative treatment with intravenous and oral rehydration solutions.

A neonate with primary hyperparathyroidism was successfully managed by conservative medical treatment. This treatment consisted of intravenous saline load, followed by oral rehydration solutions containing between 60-90 mmol/l of sodium. The combined administration of sodium and diuretics maintained normal levels of serum calcium. Similar cases were previously treated by parathyroidectomy with or without autotransplantation. In selected patients, medical treatment should be considered as the initial approach in mild neonatal hyperparathyroidism. It poses no specific risks and offers an alternative to surgical intervention.

Fluid Therapy↗
PubMed1991

Comparison of the Bactec and lysis concentration methods for recovery of Brucella species from clinical specimens.

In a comparison of the Bactec system and the lysis concentration procedure in the isolation of Brucella species in 54 patients the recovery rate was similar (60% and 55%, respectively). However, the recovery time was significantly shorter with the lysis concentration method than with the Bactec system (3.5 days versus 14 days). The lysis concentration procedure for the culture of Brucella is simple, inexpensive and reliable, and produces results for the clinician relatively quickly.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1991

Perinatal hematological profile of newborn infants with candida antenatal infections.

We serially studied hematological profiles of 8 newborns with proven antenatal candida chorioamnionitis and funisitis. Candida albicans was cultured from various sources in the infants; blood and CSF cultures were all negative. Seven of the 8 were premature; 5 were sick. We statistically compared hematological data of the 'well' and 'sick' babies. The latter showed neutrophilia (mean 52,381 vs. 11,326/microliters, p less than 0.01) accompanied by significant elevation of nonsegmented granulocytes (NSG) and a NSG/neutrophil ratio greater than 0.3. Significant monocytosis (mean 7,836 vs. 2,869/microliters, p less than 0.01) and eosinophilia (mean 4,723 vs. 782/microliters, p less than 0.05) were also noted. Remarkable toxic granulations, vacuolization, and Döhle bodies were found in the neutrophils of the 'sick' newborns. Hematological profiles correlated with the infants' clinical condition.

Blood Cell Count↗
PubMed1990

A simple transnasal procedure for treating choanal atresia.

Bilateral choanal atresia is a rare but life-threatening disorder. Prompt diagnosis and emergency treatment are necessary. Various transnasal tools as well as other techniques have been tried in the past: they have all been associated with complications. The authors report a treatment of a newborn with a simple and previously unreported procedure for dealing with bilateral choanal atresia. As described, the use of a simple hand-powered drill and bit offers an approach which is straightforward and free of complications. Efficacy of this procedure is documented by a 6-year follow-up period.

Choanal Atresia↗
PubMed1990

Thrombocytosis after pneumonia with empyema and other bacterial infections in children.

Thrombocytosis is seen in association with many conditions, including infectious diseases. We studied thrombocytosis after severe bacterial infections, particularly pneumonia with empyema in children. A systematic survey of the phenomenon was conducted. Twenty-seven children admitted for pneumonia with empyema were studied. Thrombocytosis (platelet counts greater than 500 x 10(3)/microliters) was present in 92.5%. Platelet counts reached their maximum at 15.1 +/- 3.7 days (range, 7 to 25) and declined to normal after 3 weeks of illness. Compared with a healthy control group, significant thrombocytosis, but of lower incidence, was also noted in children with lobar pneumonia without pleural effusion, bacterial meningitis and osteomyelitis. Platelet functions were examined in seven of the children but no abnormalities were observed. Bone marrow aspiration of three children with pneumonia and empyema showed megakaryocytic hyperplasia. We found no correlation between thrombocytosis, neutrophilia, fever, the clinical course, complications, prognosis or treatment. Neither thromboembolic nor hemorrhagic phenomena were observed.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1990

Skin mastocytosis with short stature, conductive hearing loss and microtia: a new syndrome.

A 5 1/2-year-old Sephardic Jewish girl, born of consanguineous parents, is described. She has short stature, microcephaly, conductive hearing loss, skin mastocytosis and microtia. Since this constellation of findings has not been reported previously, we think that these findings represent a new congenital malformation, most probably of genetic etiology.

Body Height↗
PubMed1990

Subcutaneous fat necrosis with thrombocytopenia in a newborn infant.

A case of subcutaneous fat necrosis (SCFN) in a newborn who had suffered from asphyxia secondary to meconium aspiration is described. During the third week of life, bluish-red subcutaneous nodules were noticed. A biopsy of the lesions showed subcutaneous necrosis with fat cells containing needle-like crystals with reactive inflammatory infiltrates. Peripheral transient thrombocytopenia was observed prior to the appearance of subcutaneous fat necrosis. The good prognosis is stressed.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed1990

Nonazotemic hyperkalemia with renal and extrarenal defects in potassium transport: association with high levels of digoxin-like immunoreactive factor.

We report a hypertensive patient with nonazotemic hyperkalemia caused by a combined disturbance in both the internal and external balance of potassium. During a follow-up of 30 months, exacerbations of hyperkalemia were observed, interposed with a return to the previous baseline. Two brief normokalemic periods were recorded. Blood pressure tended to be higher during hyperkalemic peaks. The following findings were detected: (1) hyperchloremic hyperkalemic acidosis with normal glomerular filtration rate, adequately elevated plasma aldosterone levels, and normovolemia; (2) a tubular defect in potassium excretion, refractory to intravenous sodium sulfate (nonreabsorbable anion) and mineralocorticoids; (3) impaired tissue uptake of potassium under insulin administration; (4) exaggerated hyperkalemia following beta-adrenergic blockade and blunted hypokalemic response to a beta-agonist; and (5) a defect in Na/K transport in erythrocytes detected in vitro, coexistent with an elevated level of free digoxin-like immunoreactive factor in serum. These results suggest that our patient had a generalized abnormality in potassium transport.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1990

Cat-scratch bacillus and Streptococcus pneumoniae causing submandibular suppurative adenitis and acute glomerulonephritis.

Acute cervical adenitis is a frequent problem in pediatrics. It is occasionally followed by acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis, which has a well-defined set of clinical and histological manifestations. We present two rare cases of acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis, one associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae and the second with cat-scratch disease. Cultures of material from the lymph nodes yielded S. pneumoniae type 15 in case 1. A pleomorphic gram-negative micro-organism, identified by silver stain as cat-scratch bacillus, was found in case 2.

Cat-Scratch Disease↗
PubMed1989

Endogenous digoxin-like factor in neonates: effect of age and relation to serum bilirubin levels.

Endogenous digoxin-like immunoreactive factor(s) (DLIF) have been found in serum and urine of newborn infants, including those born prematurely. We assessed the effect of age on serum levels of DLIF in 73 samples obtained from 66 healthy full term newborn infants at birth and during the first two months of life. DLIF concentrations were highest at birth and fell progressively with age. In cord blood, DLIF levels were 0.73 +/- 0.35 ng/ml (mean +/- SD). DLIF concentrations were 0.45 +/- 0.11 ng/ml on day 1, 0.26 +/- 0.08 ng/ml on day 3, 0.19 +/- 0.07 ng/ml on day 5, 0.17 +/- 0.09 ng/ml on day 11, 0.11 +/- 0.02 ng/ml on days 15-30, and not detectable after 45 days of life. We also studied the relation between serum levels of DLIF and bilirubin in 23 jaundiced newborns between 3-5 days of life. We found a highly significant positive correlation between serum bilirubin concentrations and DLIF. These findings support the assumption that DLIF plays a role in impeding bilirubin excretion in the neonatal period, perhaps by inhibiting the activity of (Na-K)ATPase.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

Neutrophil chemotaxis, random migration, and adherence in patients with hyperthyroidism.

We have examined neutrophil adherence, chemotactic activity, and random migration in 35 hyperthyroid patients with Graves' disease and 106 normal volunteers. No statistically significant differences were found between granulocyte adherence of 17 hyperthyroid subjects (67 +/- 15.6%) and 81 healthy volunteers (63.1 +/- 17%). In 3 thyrotoxic patients, impaired neutrophil adherence was found, which resolved when thyroid function returned to normal. The neutrophil chemotactic activity of 32 normal controls was 107.5 +/- 21.4 cells, and the random migration 36 +/- 15.5 cells. No statistically significant difference was demonstrated in 13 hyperthyroid patients who had a neutrophil chemotactic activity of 102 +/- 14.6 cells and a random migration of 31.2 +/- 13.2 cells. Defective chemotactic activity and random migration was found in 2 patients. Neutrophil functions returned to normal in one of the two subjects who were re-evaluated when thyroid function recovered. In summary, 14% of hyperthyroid patients had impaired leukocyte functions. However, severe pyogenic infections are quite rare in hyperthyroid patients, indicating that the observed alterations in function of phagocytic cells are not clinically important.

Cell Migration Inhibition↗
PubMed1989

Clinical and laboratory findings of spotted fever in Israeli children.

In a prospective study of 70 Israeli children with spotted fever the major clinical features were fever (100%), skin rash (98.5%), myalgia (54%) and vomiting (40%). Thrombocytopenia (75%) and hyponatremia (62.5%) were common, but were not associated with increased mortality. Antibodies to Rickettsia conorii were detected by the indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay. In one patient Rickettsia was grown from blood. Contacts with dogs were reported in 17 of 40 patients questioned, and in only 2 was a canine tick bite obvious. Hospitalization was required in 11 (16%) patients. There was 1 fatality. The rickettsia responsible for spotted fever in Israel appears to be an antigenic variant of R. conorii. Early recognition and treatment of this disease permits rapid eradication of the rickettsiae and facilitates complete recovery.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗