Biomedical subjects

B de Barbeyrac

Publications and source records attributed to B de Barbeyrac.

54 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1989

Detection of tetracycline-resistant strains of Ureaplasma urealyticum by hybridization assays.

Five wild-type strains of tetracycline-resistant Ureaplasma Ureaplasma urealyticum and one tetracycline-sensitive Ureaplasma urealyticum strain were tested for presence of the tetM sequence by hybridization assays. Two sorts of probes were used, a plasmid containing the tetM fragment and the tetM fragment alone. Two sorts of label were used for each, digoxigenin and radio-labelling. Both purified DNA at various concentrations and non-purified DNA in the pellet from a 10 ml culture were used as targets. The digoxigenin-labelled whole plasmid probe was as specific as the insert alone when hybridized with non-purified DNA, and was more sensitive than radio-labelled probes.

DNA Probes↗

PubMed1989

Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae by using the polymerase chain reaction.

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used to detect Mycoplasma pneumoniae. A specific DNA sequence for M. pneumoniae was selected from a genomic library, and two oligonucleotides were chosen in this sequence to give an amplified fragment of 144 base pairs. We show that DNA from different M. pneumoniae strains can be detected by PCR, with DNA from other Mycoplasma species giving negative results. Analysis of biological samples (throat swabs) obtained from hamsters that were experimentally infected with M. pneumoniae showed that PCR was more sensitive and reliable than conventional culture techniques for the detection of M. pneumoniae. Initial experiments on artificially seeded human bronchoalveolar lavages showed that PCR can be used to detect 10(2) to 10(3) organisms.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

[Methods of studying mycoplasma infections].

Mycoplasmas are most often responsible for respiratory and genital infections. At present, diagnosis is carried out by serology for infections caused by M. pneumoniae and by culture for infections due to genital mycoplasmas. For M. pneumoniae, new prospects may lead to a rapid diagnosis, detection by molecular hybridization and immunological detection. Also, the research of specific antibodies should benefit from a better knowledge of the major antigens. Culture of the genital mycoplasmas, U. urealyticum and M. hominis is simple, but the interpretation of their presence is difficult because they may be recovered in a commensal condition. The envisaged advances should lead to a better assessment of their pathogenicity. The role of M. genitalium, a species related to M. pneumoniae recently discovered in respiratory specimens, should be better determined by sensitive techniques developed to distinguish it from M. pneumoniae.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1989

[Comparative study of 2 antibiotic prophylaxis regimens in endoscopic prostatic surgery].

This study compares a short antibioprophylaxis of 24 hours to a single injection treatment by cefamandole in endoscopic resection of the prostate. 122 patients were separated in two groups by randomisation. 61 patients received 1.5 g of cefamandole at induction of anaesthesia and 750 mg every six hours during 24 hours after surgery. The other 61 patients received a single injection of 1.5 g of cefamandole at the induction of anaesthesia. Both series were comparable in age, prostatic pathology, time of resection, weight to the resected prostate, the day of removal of the urinary catheter, the day of departure. In the first group, we found eight obvious infections and 10 occult infections with positive urinary microscopic examination; and in the second group, we found 11 obvious ans 4 occult infections with positive urinary microscopic examination. In both infected groups, we found mainly Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Both treatments were equally well accepted. The authors prefer the single injection treatment because of the low cost and absence of statistically significant differences between the two treatments.

Aged↗

PubMed1988

[In vitro activity of new quinolones against Mycoplasma pathogenic to humans].

The in vitro activity of new quinolones was evaluated against Mycoplasma pneumoniae (10 strains) and Mycoplasma hominis (approximately equal to 70 strains) by agar dilution, and against Ureaplasma urealyticum (approximately equal to 115 strains) by broth dilution. The static effect of pefloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, enoxacin was investigated for all the strains. Rosoxacin was included in the tests for U. urealyticum and M. hominis. Pefloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and enoxacin were within the same range of sensitivity for M. pneumoniae; the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the 10 strains were 1 mg/l for ciprofloxacin, 2 mg/l for pefloxacin, MICs range was (0.05-1 mg/l) for ofloxacin and (0.5-4 mg/l) for enoxacin. Ciprofloxacin was the most active compound against M. hominis; MICs range and mode MICs were respectively in mg/l: (0.1-1) 0.5 for ciprofloxacin, (0.2-2) 0.5 for ofloxacin, (0.5-2) 1 for pefloxacin, (0.5-8) 2 for enoxacin, (2-16) 2 for rosoxacin. Ofloxacin was the most active compound against U. urealyticum; MICs range and mode MICs were respectively in mg/l: (0.2-2) 1 for ofloxacin, (0.1-8) 2 for rosoxacin, (0.5-8) 4 for pefloxacin, (1-16) 4 for ciprofloxacin, (2-32) 8 for enoxacin. No difference could be observed between tetracycline sensitive or resistant strains.

4-Quinolones↗

PubMed1988

Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and intraperitoneal fosfomycin in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

Kinetics of fosfomycin were investigated in six patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Each subject received both an i.v. and an i.p. 1 g dose of fosfomycin with a one week washout between doses. Fosfomycin was assayed by a microbiological diffusion technique. After intravenous injection the fosfomycin serum kinetic parameters were as followed: elimination half-life (t1/2 beta) 38.4 +/- 8.7 h; volume of distribution 0.32 +/- 0.02 l/kg; total plasma clearance 7.0 +/- 1.4 ml/min and peritoneal clearance 3.2 +/- 0.2 ml/min. Dialyzate fosfomycin concentrations reached a maximum mean value of 32.2 +/- 2.8 micrograms/ml at 4 h post-injection and fosfomycin was detectable in dialyzate samples for up to 72 hours post-dosing. After intraperitoneal instillation, fosfomycin appeared in the serum rapidly and the mean peak plasma concentration was 36.2 +/- 2.8 micrograms/ml at the 4th h. The absorption rate (ka) was 0.580 +/- 0.039 h-1 and the absorption of fosfomycin from peritoneal space was 68.4 +/- 6.0%. These data suggest a bidirectional exchange through the peritoneal membrane. Intraperitoneal administration of 1 g either 48 h apart for anephric patients or 36 h apart for patients with residual renal function may achieve therapeutic serum concentrations.

Female↗

PubMed1987

[Study of bactericidal effect of the spiramycin and minocycline on Mycoplasma pneumoniae].

This study was designed to determine if the inhibitory effect of a macrolide (spiramycin) and a tetracycline (minocycline) on the in vitro growth of Mycoplasma pneumoniae is due to a bacteriostatic or a bactericidal activity. M. pneumoniae, strain FH-Liu, susceptible to spiramycin and minocycline was exposed to various inhibitory concentrations of these antibiotics (within the range of 0.5-32 mg/l) for various periods of time (1-9 days). The bactericidal activity was determined by subculturing material from tubes using serial dilution. Spiramycin was bactericidal after 4 days (greater than or equal to 3 log10 decrease of the inoculum) only when high concentrations were used (16 mg/l). Minocycline was bactericidal after 4 days at a concentration of 32 mg/l. These results show a 64-fold difference between minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration for spiramycin and a 128-fold difference for minocycline. Our data confirm the bacteriostatic effect of these drugs on M. pneumoniae.

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug↗

PubMed1987

[Ceftriaxone and severe infections in medical resuscitation].

Ceftriaxone was used in 24 medical intensive care patients to treat 8 pulmonary infections, 12 septicaemias, 3 urinary tract infections, 1 meningitis. It was administered at a single intravenous dose of 2 g every 24 h. The therapy was successful, clinically and bacteriologically in 16 patients. The reasons of the failures are analysed. Plasma concentrations were obtained: they demonstrate that ceftriaxone is effective when given once a day in most cases.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

[Determination of blood ceftriaxone. Comparison of microbiological and HPLC methods].

108 serum samples in 27 patients were collected after the first, before the second, after and before the fifth dose of 2 g every 24 h and assayed for ceftriaxone by microbiological method and high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The statistical analysis of the results show a correlation coefficient equal to 0.95. The protein binding doesn't affect the microbiological method. The two methods are convenient for clinical use.

Bacteriological Techniques↗

PubMed1986

The activity of ticarcillin in combination with clavulanic acid against Bacteroides species: an in-vitro comparison with other antibiotics.

The in-vitro activity of ticarcillin alone and with 4 and 8 mg/l of clavulanic acid, has been studied on 100 strains of Bacteroides (66 Bacteroides fragilis, 13 B. ovatus, 11 B. vulgatus, 6 B. distasonis, 4 B. thetaiotaomicron) by an agar-dilution method and compared to that of latamoxef cefoxitin, cefotaxime, ceftizoxime, ceftriaxone, cefmenoxime, ceftazidime and metronidazole. All the strains tested were susceptible to the combination of ticarcillin-clavulanic acid (MIC less than or equal to 8 mg/l), to metronidazole (MIC less than or equal to 4 mg/l), and to cefoxitin (MIC less than or equal to 32 mg/l). The combination of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid has an activity superior to that of ticarcillin alone. The MIC90 was 32 mg/l for ticarcillin alone, 1 and 0.5 mg/l for ticarcillin combined with 4 and 8 mg/l of clavulanic acid respectively. Against all the tested strains, cefoxitin was the most active of the cephalosporins, followed by latamoxef (3% of all strains with an MIC greater than 32 mg/l), cefotaxime (5%), ceftizoxime (9%), ceftriaxone (13%), cefmenoxime (17%) and ceftazidime (33%). Differences in sensitivity to cephalosporins were observed within species; the B. ovatus was clearly more resistant than B. fragilis and B. vulgatus. In all species, the combination of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid was always highly active, with MICs less than or equal to 0.01-8 mg/l.

Bacteroides↗

PubMed1986

[Comparative in vitro activity of a new macrolide RU 28965 and of erythromycin against Chlamydia trachomatis].

Activity of a new macrolide, RU 28965, and erythromycin against 8 Chlamydia trachomatis strains isolated from the human genital tract was studied. Minimal inhibitory concentrations were determined using cycloheximide-treated McCoy cells. Giemsa and immunofluorescence staining with monoclonal antibodies were used to detect Chlamydial inclusions. Immunofluorescence proved more sensitive and easier to read. All the strains were highly susceptible to RU 28965 (MIC = 0.05 mg/l - 0.1 mg/l) and erythromycin (MIC = 0.02 mg/l - 0.2 mg/l).

Animals↗

PubMed1986

[Isolation of Clostridium difficile from the stools of hospitalized patients with diarrhea].

408 stool samples from 354 hospitalized patients with diarrhea were evaluated for the presence of Clostridium difficile. C. difficile was detected in stools of 42 patients (12%), 19 of them being hospitalized in neurosurgery units. The strains were cytotoxigenic in 31 cases and non cototoxigenic in 11 cases. The diagnosis of C. difficile induced diarrhea was based on the clinical setting [presence of diarrhea that could be attributed to antimicrobial therapy and endoscopy for detection of pseudomembranous colitis (PMC)], laboratory studies (cytotoxigenic strains of C. difficile) and therapeutic response (oral vancomycin or metronidazole). C. difficile was implicated as a cause of PMC (2 cases) and antimicrobial associated diarrhea (8 cases) (PMC not documented). The pathogenic role of C. difficile was questionable in 24 cases (no specific therapy) and unlikely in 8 cases. In fact C. difficile could be implicated as a cause of diarrhea in 24% of the cases.

Clostridium↗

PubMed1985

[Influence of chlorhexidine on the flora of burns].

The effect of chlorhexidine baths on surface and in-depth colonization of burns was studied in 12 severely burned patients. 202 swabs and 202 biopsy specimens were cultured. Each patient was sampled before and after a daily chlorhexidine bath on several days. Subsequent to bathing, 41% of swabs became sterile and a 1.41 log10 reduction in the number of germs in biopsy specimens was observed. However, deep flora was unchanged in almost half of cases (43.3%) and was reduced by only 1 to 2 log10 in one-third of cases (35.3%). Chlorhexidine added to baths inhibited surface bacterial growth but had an inconsistent and limited effect on in-depth colonization.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1984

[Comparative bacteriostatic activity of ticarcillin, alone and combined with clavulanic acid, 5 cephalosporins and metronidazole against 100 strains of Bacteroides fragilis].

In vitro activity against 100 strains of Bacteroides fragilis of ticarcillin alone and combined with 4 or 8 mg of clavulanic acid was compared with those of cefoxitin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, lamoxactam , ceftriaxone and metronidazole. The Cl 90 was 29.7 mg/l for ticarcillin alone, and 1.3 and 0.5 mg/l for ticarcillin combined with 4 and 8 mg of clavulanic acid respectively. Every strain was susceptible to ticarcillin combined with clavulanic acid (CMI less than or equal to 16 mg/l) and metronidazole (CMI less than or equal to 4 mg/l). Among the cephalosporins tested, lamoxactam (Cl 90 : 1 mg/l) was the most active, followed by cefotaxime (22.7 mg/l), cefoxitin (23 mg/l), ceftriaxone (51.2 mg/l) and ceftazidime (347 mg/l).

Bacteroides fragilis↗

PubMed1983

[Comparative bacteriostatic activity of 10 cephalosporins against 100 strains of Serratia].

The in vitro activity of 10 cephalosporins was evaluated against 100 different clinical isolates of Serratia. 90% of these strains were inhibited at the following concentrations (microgram/ml): ceftazidime = 0.5; ceftriaxon = 0.9; cefmenoxime = 1; lamoxactam = 1.1; cefotaxime = 1.25; cefotetan = 2; cefoperazone = 28; cefoxitine = 64; cefotiam = 80; ceforanide greater than 512. Ceftazidime was the most potent agent. Ceftriaxon, cefmenoxime, lamoxactam and cefotaxime had also a very high activity. All the strains were clinically susceptible to these 5 cephalosporins (MIC less than or equal to 16). The other cephalosporins were less active.

Cephalosporins↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated Kaposi's sarcoma and human herpesvirus 8 DNA detection in serial peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples.

Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) DNA was amplified from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using PCR in 120 HIV-seropositive in- and outpatients who were enrolled in a cohort study between January 1994 and June 1995. Risk factors for HIV infection were homosexuality/bisexuality alone in 64 cases (30 with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and 34 without KS, 4 of whom had KS lesions that appeared during follow-up in the cohort), heterosexual contact alone in 32 cases (among whom 1 woman with KS who was the spouse of a bisexual with KS), and transfusion of blood or blood products alone in 24 cases. Three blood samples at 3-4-month intervals were scheduled for each patient. Twenty-five HIV1-seronegative patients served as controls. A total of 47.1% of homo- or bisexual males with KS and 26.7% of homo- or bisexual males without KS had positive HHV8 DNA detection as compared with 21.9% of patients contaminated by heterosexual contact, 8.3% of blood product recipients and 0% of controls. HHV8 DNA detection was intermittent in all but 3 patients according to sequential sampling. Multivariate analysis showed that AIDS-KS was associated with sexual transmission, mainly homo- or bisexual practices and with HHV8 infection assessed by PCR in PBMCs.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Ano-rectal lymphogranuloma venereum: 22 cases reported in a sexually transmited infections center in Paris.

In January 2004 the European Surveillance of Sexually Transmitted Infections Network (ESSTI) issued an international alert regarding an outbreak of Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) in Rotterdam in a sexual network of men who have sex with men (MSM). Further to this alert, a retrospective survey was set up by the Institut de Veille Sanitaire and the reference laboratories for N.gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia in France. Our STI clinic in Paris carried out a clinico-biological retrospective study involving 154 MSM screened for anorectal sexually transmitted infections (STIs) between January 2002 and May 2004 and a prospective study between May 2004 and August 2004. Out of 216 swabs of rectal discharge from homosexual or bisexual males, a total of 32 were positive for C. trachomatis (14.8%) (3 patients in 2002, 11 in 2003 and 18 in 2004). C. trachomatis-positive rectal strains were genotyped to detect the specific C. trachomatis serovars and revealed serovars L(2) for 22 patients (respectively 1 in 2002, 9 in 2003 and 12 in 2004). Serum antibody titers for Chlamydia trachomatis were determined among 14 subjects and revealed strongly positive in 13 cases (1/512 to 1/16384) titers of IgG. These 22 patients with clinico-biologically confirmed anorectal lymphogranuloma venereum (ARLGV) were all homosexual men. They ranged from 28 to 52 years (mean age 39.2 years). 12 of 21 (57.1%) subjects with an ARLGV diagnosis were seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (one not done). Although rare, anorectal lymphogranuloma venereum (ARLGV) still exists in France and should not be forgotten in the differential diagnosis of rectal problems in male homosexuals.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Serologic diagnosis of chlamydial and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections].

The diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis infection can be based either on direct detection of the organism or its components or indirectly by measuring antibodies as markers of the individual's response to the infection. The latter is currently of limited value. Neither IgG or IgA antibodies can be used to diagnose current genital infection by Chlamydia trachomatis or to exclude such an infection. There is no solid ground as yet for the use of IgA antibodies as a marker of persistant or unresolved infection. Commercial tests in the Elisa format based on peptides from the MOMP of Chlamydia trachomatis are available and show good specificities and sensitivities. Hsp60 seems to have a unique role in the development of tubal scarring and antibodies to chsp60 could predict tubal factor infertility. Serology is the main diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. The serologic assays are the complement fixation test (CF), immunofluorescence, the microparticle agglutination and recently EIAs. The CF test is still used for serodiagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection because of the sensitivity of 90%. Single titer of >or= 64 are considered to be indicative of recent infection. A number of commercial EIAs have been developped. The difficulty for IgG interpretation is a definition of a cutoff value for discriminating infected and healthy subjects. Most of the IgM assays show good diagnostic sensitivities and are valuable tools for the early diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children. There are no wholly satisfactory serological methods for diagnosis of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection. Problems arise from the high background of IgG antibody prevalence, the lack of standardized testing methods.

Adolescent↗