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BM Farr

Publications and source records attributed to BM Farr.

2 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection.

Central venous catheters are associated with the vast majority of nosocomial, catheter-related bloodstream infections (CR-BSI). Despite identification of multiple effective methods for preventing CR-BSI, it remains an important clinical problem. Catheters coated with anti-infective substances, such as chlorhexidine and silver sulfadiazine or rifampin and minocycline, have shown promising results in recent clinical trials, but confirmatory studies by different investigators are still needed. Concern has also been raised about widespread use of clinically important antibiotics on catheter surfaces, which may promote the development of antibiotic resistance. More accurate and cost-effective methods of diagnosing CR-BSI are desirable. Recent studies have evaluated endoluminal brush sampling and differential blood culture growth rates, which may provide acceptable accuracy without requiring removal of long-dwelling catheters, but the accuracy of these techniques needs to be confirmed in other studies.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has continued to spread and cause serious nosocomial infections. Failure to control MRSA may result in higher rates of use of glycopeptides, which may, in turn, lead to higher rates of glycopeptide resistance. Resistance to glycopeptides has recently begun to appear in S. aureus. Transfer of glycopeptide-resistance genes from enterococci to S. aureus has been documented in laboratory experiments but has not yet been found in clinical isolates. Over time, MRSA is becoming more common in various subsets of the general population. Some studies claim that many MRSA-colonized outpatients and their close contacts have had no health care contacts, but these studies have usually not considered contacts in outpatient clinics. Several other recent studies have found that all or a vast majority of patients with MRSA have had frequent contact with health care providers. Failure to wash hands and disinfect equipment between patients, which has been commonly seen in studies of health care worker compliance with infection control measures, may explain much of the continuing spread. The source of spread of antibiotic-resistant microbes can be likened to an iceberg, with clinically obvious infections representing the tip of the iceberg and most of the spread coming from clinically inapparent colonized patients who represent most of the reservoir for transmission. Surveillance cultures to identify this reservoir are important to the control of spread with effective barrier precautions. Such precautions have been shown to reduce the spread of MRSA 15.6-fold compared with standard precautions.

Journal Article↗