Bakhuti Shengelia | PubMed Health

PubMed2005

Access, utilization, quality, and effective coverage: an integrated conceptual framework and measurement strategy.

Health systems can primarily improve the health of individuals and populations by delivering high-quality interventions to those who may benefit from them. We propose a concept of effective coverage as the probability that individuals will receive health gain from an intervention if they need it. Understanding the extent to which health systems are delivering key interventions to those who will benefit from them and the factors that explain gaps in delivery are a critical input to decision-making at the local, national and global levels. We develop an integrated conceptual framework for monitoring and analyzing the delivery of high-quality interventions to those who need them. This framework can help clarify the inter-relationships between notions of access, demand for care, utilization, and coverage on the one hand and highlight the requirements for health information systems that can sustain this type of analysis. We discuss measurement strategies and demonstrate the concept by means of a simple simulation model.

Asthma↗

PubMed2003

Validity of reported vaccination coverage in 45 countries.

BACKGROUND: Monitoring and assessment of coverage rates in national health programmes is becoming increasingly important. We aimed to assess the accuracy of officially reported coverage rates of vaccination with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine (DTP3), which is commonly used to monitor child health interventions. METHODS: We compared officially reported national data for DTP3 coverage with those from the household Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) in 45 countries between 1990 and 2000. We adjusted survey data to reflect the number of valid vaccinations (ie, those administered in accordance with the schedule recommended by WHO) using a probit model with sample selection. The model predicted the probability of valid vaccinations for children, including those without documented vaccinations, after correcting for bias from differences between the children with and without documented information on vaccination. We then assessed the extent of survey bias and differences between officially reported data and those from DHS estimates. FINDINGS: Our results suggest that officially reported DTP3 coverage is higher than that reported from household surveys. This size of the difference increases with the rate of reported coverage of DTP3. Results of time-trend analysis show that changes in reported coverage are not correlated with changes reported from household surveys. INTERPRETATION: Although reported data might be the most widely available information for assessment of vaccination coverage, their validity for measuring changes in coverage over time is highly questionable. Household surveys can be used to validate data collected by service providers. Strategies for measurement of the coverage of all health interventions should be grounded in careful assessments of the validity of data derived from various sources.

Child↗