Chemtrina: direct hits, near misses, and opportunities for prevention.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Barbara Sattler.
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The nursing community has become increasingly active in the environmental health policy arena by exerting its influence at the local, state, and national environmental health policy levels; on media-specific issues; and in the work-related venues where they have influence. Nurses are valued and trusted by policy makers, and should be active in policy efforts to increase access to public health information such as potentially hazardous chemicals in the air, water, food, soil, and land. Given the global nature of environmental contamination, it is critical that nursing's international organization becomes active in environmental health policies. Promotion of healthy environments should be translated to organizational position papers and practice recommendations within nursing and nursing specialty organizations.
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Pediatric primary health care providers are responsible for providing comprehensive care to children. This includes assessing for and identifying the effect of environmental hazards on children's health and managing conditions that may result from exposure to environmental toxins. This article begins by reviewing the unique developmental, biologic, and behavioral characteristics of children and age-specific issues that make them particularly vulnerable to toxins. It then provides the reader with general assessment and management strategies related to environmental toxins, including an assessment tool that can be used in a pediatric primary care office. The qualities of selected toxins that have been implicated in childhood illnesses are discussed. Routes of exposure, signs and symptoms of toxicity, and assessment and management approaches are presented specifically for lead, mercury, environmental tobacco smoke, particulate matter, asbestos, radon, molds, and pesticides. Because prevention is the best intervention in environmental health, the article emphasizes ways pediatric providers can work with caregivers to prevent or minimize exposure.
OBJECTIVES: (1) To develop tools for health care professionals and communities to assess environmental exposures and (2) to evaluate the utility of integrating patient-reported environmental health information with geographic information systems (GIS) mapping of environmental data in a pilot study. METHODS: A survey was used to collect self-reported environmental exposure and health data from a convenience sample of people at an urban community health center (N=101). Environmental exposure and census information were obtained from federal agencies. Analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and GIS. RESULTS: Frequent environmental health risk factors were reported, such as older housing (93%) and household smoking (78%). Health problems including asthma (54%) and lead poisoning (14%) were reported. Odds ratios indicated a statistically significant relationship between mold/mildew and reporting asthma. GIS was found to be a useful tool in displaying environmental risk factors and potentially associated health effects. CONCLUSIONS: Given the important role that environmental health risks can play in public health, it is critical that community/public health nurses begin to integrate environmental health assessment skills into their professional practices. Simple community surveys can be an effective means to raise awareness about environmental health risk factors and utilizing GIS can further enhance the accessibility of the combined exposure and health information.
The health care industry is a major contributor to environmental pollution. Through the processes of waste disposal, including incineration, the health care industry is one of the largest contributors to environmental dioxin and mercury. Mercury contamination of our waterways has created the conditions by which a significant number of fish are sufficiently mercury-laden so as to pose a human health threat. Additionally, there are products and processes within the hospital that create health risks for the patients and health care staff. There are a number of positive actions that nurses can take to address the health threats posed by these exposures. These actions include: purchasing environmentally preferable products, implementing pollution prevention actions within the health care setting, and learning more about environmental health.
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