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Bernardo Ejzenberg

Publications and source records attributed to Bernardo Ejzenberg.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2007

Molecular epidemiology of human adenovirus isolated from children hospitalized with acute respiratory infection in São Paulo, Brazil.

In a study of acute respiratory disease, two collections of nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) were obtained from children hospitalized at the Pediatric Clinic of the University Hospital, São Paulo, in 1995 and 2000. Adenovirus was detected in 33 (8.2%) of 401 children followed. These viruses were isolated in HEp-2, HEK-293, or NCI-H292 cells and serotyped by neutralization. The genome types were determined after restriction analyses of the genomic DNA extracted from infected cells. Nineteen isolates were characterized as Human adenovirus B, genome types HAdV-3a, HAdV-7h, and HAdV-7h1; 11 as Human adenovirus C, genome types HAdV-1D10, HAdV-2D25, HAdV-5D2, and HAdV-6D3. Our findings show that species C adenoviruses present an endemic infection pattern, with co-circulation of different serotypes and genome types; no new genomic variant was observed. Species B adenoviruses showed epidemic infection patterns, with shifts in the predominant genome type. The isolates from 1995 belong to genome type 7h, or the variant 7h1, with a clear substitution of the type 7b, prevalent in São Paulo for more then 10 years. In 2000, the variant 7h1 predominated and the emergence of the type 3a was observed. Almost 10 years passed between the identification of HAdV-7h in Argentina and its detection in São Paulo. The geographic isolation of these two countries was reduced by the increase in population mobility due to growing commercial relationships.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2006

Evaluation of the dead space to tidal volume ratio as a predictor of extubation failure.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the ratio of dead space to tidal volume (VD/VT) as a predictor of extubation failure of children from mechanical ventilation. METHODS: From September 2001 to January 2003 we studied a cohort consisting of all children (1 day-15 years) submitted to mechanical ventilation at a pediatric intensive care unit who were extubated and for whom pre-extubation ventilometry data were available, including the VD/VT ratio. Extubation success was defined as no need for any type of ventilatory support, invasive or otherwise, within 48 hours. Patients who tolerated extubation, with or without noninvasive support, were defined as success-R and compared with those who were reintubated. Statistic analysis was based on a VD/VT cutoff point of 0.65. RESULTS: During the study period 250 children received mechanical ventilation at the pediatric intensive care unit. Eighty-six of these children comprised the study sample. Twenty-one children (24.4%) met the criteria for extubation failure, with 11 (12.8%) of these requiring non-invasive support and 10 (11.6%) reintubation. Their mean age was 16.8 (+/-30.1) months (median = 5.5 months). The mean VD/VT ratio for all cases was 0.62 (+/-0.18). Mean VD/VT ratios for patients with successful and failed extubations were 0.62 (+/-0.17) and 0.65 (+/-0.21) (p = 0.472), respectively. Logistic regression failed to reveal any statistically significant correlation between VD/VT ratio and success or failure of extubation (p = 0.8458), even for patients who were reintubated (p = 0.5576). CONCLUSIONS: In a pediatric population receiving mechanical ventilation due to a variety of etiologies, the VD/VT ratio was unable to predict the populations at risk of extubation failure or of reintubation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Lymphocytic inflammation in childhood bronchiolitis obliterans.

Childhood bronchiolitis obliterans (CBO) is an infrequent, severe disorder characterized by persistent obstructive respiratory symptoms after an acute episode of bronchiolitis. The viral etiology is most common, and adenovirus is the most frequently identified causative agent. Pathologically, the disease is characterized as constrictive type BO, with variable degrees of chronic inflammation and fibrosis in the bronchioles. The nature of the cellular infiltrate is largely unknown, and its characterization may provide better understanding of the disease and offer clues for therapy. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to characterize the inflammatory infiltrate in the bronchioles of 23 open lung biopsies of children with CBO and to compare this to the infiltrate in histologically normal airways. Our results show that CD3+ T cells were the most frequent cell type observed in CBO, with a predominance of the CD8+ T-cell subtype. When compared to the control group, there was a larger number of CD8+, CD4+, CD20+, granzyme B+, and perforin+ lymphocytes in the CBO group. Further studies are needed to address the role of different cell types in the development of CBO.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Etiologic profile of acute diarrhea in children in São Paulo]

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the etiologic profile of acute diarrhea in socioeconomically deprived children assisted at a regional pediatric emergency care service. METHODS: During two years all children with acute diarrhea assisted at a previously established day and week time schedule were included in the study. Other selective criteria were: a) age less than 5 years; b) nonuse of antibiotics in the previous month; and c) no travel outside the city in the previous month. Stool examination was used for the detection of the following microorganisms: a) rotavirus (immunofluorescence and counterimmunoelectrophoresis); b) bacteria - culture in MacConkey agar, SS agar, Columbia agar, bright green, serotyping, detection of toxins - INV, LT,ST,SLT I, SLT II, Sereny test, detection of virulence factors- EAF, eae, BFP; and c) protozoa (Hoffman and Faust). In the same period, a control group without diarrhea was also evaluated for the same fecal pathogens. RESULTS: Between March 1994 and June 1996, 154 children with acute diarrhea (AD) and 42 control children (WAD), that is, without acute diarrhea, were selected. In the AD group, intestinal pathogens were detected in 112 (72.8%) cases, and in 9 (21.5%) cases in the WAD group. The association of two or more intestinal pathogens occurred in 47 (30.5%) cases in the AD group, and in 3 (7.1%) cases in the WAD group. The pathogens identified in the AD cases were: Rotavirus: 32 (20.8%), bacteria: 53 (34.4%), both: 25 (16.2%), and 2 (1.4%) with Giardia lamblia (in one case associated with Rotavirus and in another one associated with bacteria). In the WAD group, only bacteria were detected in 8 (19.1%) cases, and bacteria associated with Giardia lamblia in 1 (2.4%) case. Altogether, there were 105 bacteria isolated in the AD group: 90 were Escherichia coli (EPEC 27, DAEC 24, ETEC 21, EAEC 18), 12 were Shigella sp, 2 were Salmonella sp, and one was Yersinia sp. Children with mixed infections (viral and bacterial) had increased incidence of severe vomiting, dehydration and hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: Bacteria were the most frequent pathogens detected in acute diarrhea cases, among which Escherichia coli was highly predominant. The majority of Escherichia coli strains belong to non-EPEC varieties, strains that are not routinely evaluated in clinical laboratories of pathology. Rotavirus was found in a great number of diarrhea cases, often associated with bacteria. Protozoa showed reduced importance.

Journal Article↗