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Biomedical subjects

Bernhard Strauss

Publications and source records attributed to Bernhard Strauss.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

[Personal child-related motives and attitudes in females with eating disorders--indicators for gender role conflicts?].

In the context of the etiology of eating disorders it is common to discuss emotional conflicts related to the identification with the female gender role. Based upon this theoretical background this study was designed to examine the attitudes of 46 females suffering from anorexia or bulimia towards their wish to have children. It was assumed that the personal evaluation of motherhood and attitudes towards own children might reflect one important aspect of the identification with the female gender role. The results of this study are based on the "Leipziger Fragebogen zu Kinderwunschmotiven" and the "Leipziger Fragebogen zu Einstellungen zum Kinderwunsch" by Stöbel-Richter and Brähler and suggest that females suffering from eating disorders are more likely to refuse traditional concepts of the female gender role, especially a traditional concept of motherhood.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Improving medical education in psychosocial disciplines by multimedia tools].

The use of multimedia tools is gaining increasing importance in medical education. These tools provide adequate techniques and possibilities for education within all medical including the psychosocial disciplines. Until now, a lack of multimedia learning programs and websites providing material related to psychosocial issues has to be considered in Germany. On the other hand, a new Medical Licensure Act (Approbationsordnung fuer Aerzte) will have a dramatic impact on medical education and teaching. On this basis there is a broad need for multimedialearning-environments, covering parts of the changes demanded by the new educational standards. Considering the lack of available multimedia learning programs and the need for those tools due to the medical education reform in Germany, the rapid development, validation and curricular implementation of those programs is required. This should be a goal of high priority, especially for the teaching of issues related to medical psychology, medical sociology, and psychosomatic medicine and psychotherapy.

Audiovisual Aids↗
PubMed2003

[Comprehensive evaluation of medical teaching -- a task for the psychosocial disciplines?].

The paper describes the experiences with a comprehensive evaluation of medical teaching at the medical faculty of the Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena. Based upon evaluations of courses initiated by the students, the evaluation of teaching is organized scientifically and extended as a comprehensive evaluation of several relevant issues (e. g. surveys of teachers and alumni) by the staff of the Department of Medical Psychology since 1998. Originally supported by a grant of the state of Thuringia, the evaluation is now financed by the medical faculty. The paper describes the requested resources for staff and material to establish a systematic evaluation of medical teaching. In addition, a detailed concept of the allocation of financial means considering evaluations, examinations, and other indicators of teaching quality is demonstrated. Based upon the results of studies related to the evaluation data base, the question of the establishment of an external evaluation in view of the coming changes of the medical curriculum in Germany is critically discussed.

Curriculum↗
PubMed2003

Oriented cell divisions asymmetrically segregate aPKC and generate cell fate diversity in the early Xenopus embryo.

A key feature of early vertebrate development is the formation of superficial, epithelial cells that overlie non-epithelial deep cells. In Xenopus, deep and superficial cells show a range of differences, including a different competence for primary neurogenesis. We show that the two cell populations are generated during the blastula stages by perpendicularly oriented divisions. These take place during several cell divisions, in a variable pattern, but at a percentage that varies little between embryos and from one division to the next. The orientation of division correlates with cell shape suggesting that simple geometric rules may control the orientation of division in this system. We show that dividing cells are molecularly polarised such that aPKC is localised to the external, apical, membrane. Membrane localised aPKC can be seen as early as the one-cell stage and during the blastula divisions, it is preferentially inherited by superficial cells. Finally, we show that when 64-cell stage isolated blastomeres divide perpendicularly and the daughters are cultured separately, only the progeny of the cells that inherit the apical membrane turn on the bHLH gene, ESR6e. We conclude that oriented cell divisions generate the superficial and deep cells and establish cell fate diversity between them.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Attachment and coping with chronic disease.

BACKGROUND: In this clinical study, attachment theory was applied to research in the field of coping with chronic disease. The approach was to integrate concepts of coping within a framework of attachment theory. It was hypothesised that attachment concepts have an influence on coping strategies, and that they may predict the subjective emotional and physical health status during the course of medical treatment. METHOD: One hundred fifty patients were investigated with an adult attachment interview (AAPR coding system) and a coping interview (Bernese Coping Modes). Self-reported coping modes, social support, the subjective health status and quality of life were also assessed by self-report measures at two or more sampling points of measurement. Three subsamples of patients, suffering from (a) breast cancer, (b) chronic leg ulcers and (c) alopecia, were studied in order to include a broad range of subjective impairment caused by a disease. RESULTS: Findings indicate a moderate statistical effect of attachment patterns on coping strategies when controlling the influence of confounding variables. Insecure attachment was related to less flexible coping. Coping strategies also differed between the different types of insecure attachment; however, there were differences depending on the perspective of the coping behaviour (self- vs. observer ratings) as well. From the observer perspective, ambivalently attached individuals showed more negative emotional coping while avoidantly attached individuals showed more diverting strategies. In the self-report, ambivalently attached patients revealed hyperactivating tendencies in their coping behaviour while avoidantly attached individuals revealed deactivating tendencies. CONCLUSION: As a conclusion, two levels of coping should be differentiated. One level strongly corresponds with affect regulation, in particular the regulation of attachment-related emotions and concerns, while the other level shows a stronger tendency to outwardly oriented coping. A more secure attachment might be considered to be an important inner resource in the emotional adaptation to chronic diseases.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2002

[Connections between attachment prototypes and relationship patterns].

Connections between attachment styles and relationship patterns are studied on 32 female psychotherapy patients. Our study gives first hints to a connection between attachment variables, assessed by the German version of the Adult Attachment Prototype Rating (AAPR) and predominant relationship patterns, assessed by the Core Conflictual Relationship Theme Method (CCRT) developed by Luborsky, if both methods are used independently. Subsamples according to the attachment styles show differences in CCRT variables.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Subjective physical complaints and hypochondriacal features from an attachment theoretical perspective.

The main goal of the present study was to examine the association between physical complaints, hypochondriacal features and attachment characteristics in a representative German general population sample. A total of 1997 German adults, 883 males and 1114 females, completed the Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS), the short form of the Giessen Subjective Complaints List (GSCL) to investigate gender-related bodily complaints and the Whiteley Index for assessing hypochondriacal concerns. Item response theoretical methods, i.e. mixed Rasch analysis, were used in order to identify the best model for the attachment items. Findings suggested that five latent classes yielded the best model fit. The findings provided evidence that attachment styles displayed different profiles of subjective physical complaints. The highest amount of physical symptoms and hypochondriacal features was identified in anxiously attached individuals with two subsets displaying functionally different subjective symptoms. Secure attachment was, in contrast, not related to a higher amount of specific symptoms. Results are discussed in terms of a developmental approach to symptom experience and somatization.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The differential relevance of attachment classification for psychological disorders].

In recent years, there is a growing acceptance of attachment theory in different fields of psychosocial medicine. This article reviews findings of clinical attachment research - mainly based upon the Adult Attachment Interview - related to three psychological disorders, i.e. Anxiety Disorders, Depression and Borderline Personality Disorder. Whilst there are some indications for a differentiation of de- and hyperactivating attachment strategies connected to depressive disorders, the findings related to anxiety and Borderline Personality Disorders clearly indicate a predominance of preoccupied attachment patterns combined unresolved traumatic experiences. The need for a further differentiation of attachment related features within clinical samples should be considered in the future. Specifically, a differentiation of "organized" vs. "disorganized" attachment representations seems to be promising.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Attachment characteristics and psychotherapy outcome following inpatient psychodynamic group treatment].

Within a reanalysis of the "Kiel Group Psychotherapy Study", the videorecorded intake interviews of 34 patients were analyzed using the adult attachment prototype rating. Three subgroups, differentiated according to their attachment patterns (avoidant, ambivalent, mixed insecure) differed marginally with respect to their treatment success, with ambivalent patients showing the most positive outcome (escpecially with regard to symptom- and self-system-related outcome criteria). In addition, there were indications for a differential assessment of group related therapeutic factors by the subgroups. Patients with an avoidant attachment pattern evaluated group-related factors such as cohesion and altruism as least helpful. The study is discussed in relation to existing findings on the significance of attachment related variables for the indication and prognosis of psychotherapy.

Adult↗