Biomedical subjects

Biljana Srdić

Publications and source records attributed to Biljana Srdić.

7 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

Body mass index, body fat mass and the occurrence of amenorrhea in ballet dancers.

To evaluate the connection between menstrual disorders and body fat mass, we examined a group of 30 ballet dancers and a group of 30 non-athletic girls (controls). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated and percent body fat (FAT%) was measured using the bioelectrical impedance method. A questionnaire was used to obtain age at menarche and duration of menstrual cycles. Ballet dancers had significantly lower values of BMI (18.56 +/- 1.53 vs. 19.96 +/- 2.12 kg/m2) and FAT% (18.85 +/- 4.50 vs. 23.41 +/- 4.34%) compared with controls. According to BMI, 50.0% of ballet dancers and 23.3% of the control group were underweight. Of underweight ballet dancers, 66.7% had lower values of body fat, while most underweight girls from the control group had normal body fat. Normal-weight obesity was registered in 40.9% of the control group and in 6.7% of ballet dancers. Amenorrhea was found in 20.0% and oligomenorrhea in 10.0% of ballet dancers. Ballet dancers more frequently had later appearance of menarche and menstrual cycles of longer duration than did non-athletic girls. A significant negative correlation was found between menstrual cycle duration and FAT% among ballet dancers (r = -0.415). To prevent complications caused by changes of body fat mass, we conclude that body composition assessment in ballet dancers is very important.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Body fat mass in normal weight subjects.

Obesity is characterized by excessive body fat accumulation which may lead to serious health problems and complications. Body mass index is the most optimal parameter to evaluate the level of nutritional status and diagnose obesity. However, modern techniques studying body composition can more accurately determine whether the gain of body weight was on the account of body fat, lean body mass or total body water. If one's body mass index is in the range of normal values but the amount of body fat is above normal range, we talk about sarcopenic obesity. In order to evaluate presence of sarcopenic obesity, a group of 140 normal weight students of the Faculty of Medicine in Novi Sad were measured. Apart from standard anthropometrical parameters the amount of body fat was also determined by using the method of bioelectrical impedance analysis. Sarcopenic obesity was diagnosed in 25.71% of examined students. By using body mass index values this type of obesity cannot be diagnosed, and knowing that a higher amount of body fat in normal weight persons can lead to complications, especially metabolic, it is of great importance to evaluate the amount of body fat accurately.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Relations between parameters which define quantity and distribution of adipose tissue].

INTRODUCTION: Obesity is defined as an increase of body fat mass. Regional fat distribution, especially abdominal obesity, is a very important risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic complications in obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between some anthropometric parameters and body fat mass in normal weight and obese subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study group consisted of 60 obese and 60 normal-weight subjects of both sexes. All examinees underwent following anthropometric measurements: body height, body weight, waist circumference, hip circumference and sagittal abdominal diameter. We calculated values of body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR), waist to stature ratio (WSR) and sagittal abdominal diameter to height ratio (SAD/H). Body fat percent (FAT%) was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: We have established that FAT% has the strongest correlation with BMI in all examined groups. Comparing with other body fat distribution parameters, FAT% had the best correlation with waist circumference and WHR. 13.33% of normal-weight women and 10% of normal-weight men presented with borderline increased body fat mass, whereas 6.67% of normal-weight women had increased values (normal-weight obesity). Normal-weight subjects had higher values of anthropometric parameters, comparing with normal-weight subjects with normal FAT%. CONCLUSION: In order to achieve precise diagnosis of obesity it is necessary, apart from certain anthropometric measurements, to establish the body fat mass, using some methods of body composition analysis. In order to identify subjects with higher risk for obesity complications, it is necessary to analyze the size of intraabdominal fat depots. We found that waist circumference, as a good predictor of specific fat distribution, also has a very good correlation with total body fat mass.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Development of paraventricular nucleus (PVN) associated with immunoreactivity to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the second half of gestation.

The aim of this study was to shed more light on the developmental characteristics of human paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and hypothalamus in general, using modern immunohistochemical techniques to detect the activity of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the synthesis of catecholamine (CA). Fetal brains were examined at 12, 16, 20 and 23 weeks gestation. Immunohistochemical staining used for sections is a qualitative method for detection and distribution of the chosen protein. The amplification of positive signals was carried out using AVIDIN/BIOTIN technique. The first positive results were obtained at 16th week of gestation and immunoreactivity) grew with the advencement of gestation and that there was no homogenisation of immunoreactivity in some parts of the nucleus. The PVN showed to be an oval formation. nearly parallel with the lateral wall of the 3rd cerebral ventricle, where the upper apex of the nucleus is situated closer to the ependymal ventricular layer. There was an ascendant dorsal movement of the nucleus in the embryonic phase of hypothalamus development.

Fetus↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Catecholamines in the human diencephalon].

INTRODUCTION: Catecholamines are chemical compounds which play an important role as neurotransmitters in many vital functions of the organism. The paper presents a short survey of their biosynthesis, disintegration andfunctions, with respect to the neuroanatomical location of cell groups which contain these compounds. CATECHOLAMINES IN THE HUMAN HYPOTHALAMUS: Because the authors were most interested in the behavior of catecholamines in the diencephalon, particularly in the hypothalamus, they focussed their attention on cells secreting catecholamines (dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, octopamine). The paper also deals with the connections between cellular structures which emit and receive the neuronal impulses that transport catecholamines as neurotransmitters. These include the following dopaminergic systems: nigrostriatal, tuberohypophysial, retinal, periventricular, periglomerular and dopaminergic systems in mesolimbic, mesocortical and diencephalic regions. The paper also indicates other areas in human brain with adrenaline and noradrenaline secreting cells.

Catecholamines↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Abdominal adipose tissue--significance and methods of detection].

INTRODUCTION: The presence of excess fat in the abdomen, out of proportion to total body fat, is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and other complications of obesity. HISTOANATOMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ABDOMINAL ADIPOSE TISSUE: In regard to subcutaneous fat, accumulation of visceral abdominal adipose tissue is more associated with increased metabolic risk However, men have more visceral fat than premeno-pausal women. Compared with premenopausal women, postmenopausal women have 49% more intra-abdominal fat, regardless of age and total fat mass. MEASUREMENT OF ABDOMINAL FAT DEPOTS: Various anthropometric indicators have been suggested for measuring body fat distribution. All of them have advantages and disadvantages, in relation to their interpretation and use. Many are specified as ratios and are difficult to interpret biologically, whereas a change in body fat distribution may exhibit little or no change in the ratios. Waist circumference and sagittal abdominal diameter are good predictors of visceral fat. But, extreme individual variations in visceral to subcutaneous ratio demonstrate the limitations of external anthropometry. The best methods to estimate the amount of visceral fat are imaging techniques like computed tomography or magnetic resonance, but they are expensive and inconvenient in routine practice. CONCLUSION: Further investigations should provide a simple and optimal indicator of abdominal obesity which should correlate with the amount of viscelar fat and the risk.

Abdomen↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The role of enteroclysis and roentgen anatomy of jejunumand ileum in Crohn's disease].

INTRODUCTION: The aims of this research were: 1) to establish the value of enteroclysis in detection of morphological changes of jejunum and ileum in cases with suspected Crohn's disease and 2) to establish types of morphological changes of jejunum and ileum in patients with Crohn's disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study compared two groups of people who voluntarely accepted to be examined: a control group and a study group. The control group included 11 healthy people, without gastrointestinal symptom. The study group included 16 patients with Crohn's disease. Single and double-contrast enteroclysis were performed in both groups. Afterwards, we defined parameters which were compared in these groups. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that according to statistics there are significantly lower values of the width of the jejunal and ileal lumen and the number of mucosal folds (per 1 cm) of the jejunal and ileal wall in the examined group in contrast to the control group. Also, according to statistics there are significantly higher values of the width of the jejunal and ileal wall and the thickness of mucosal folds of the jejunum and ileum in the study group in contrast to the control group.

Adult↗