New RES-specific contrast agents for CT.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
Birgit Niggemann
Publications and source records attributed to Birgit Niggemann.
Safety and systemic absorption of pulmonary delivered human IFN-beta1a in the nonhuman primate: comparison with subcutaneous dosing.
Safety and bioavailability of pulmonary delivered interferon-beta 1a (IFN-beta1a, AVONEX, Biogen, Inc., Cambridge, MA) was evaluated in the nonhuman primate. Pulmonary bioavailability following intratracheal (i.t.) instillation of 50 microg/kg IFN-beta1a to rhesus macaques was approximately 10%. To evaluate pulmonary safety, IFN-beta1a was administered intrabronchially to rhesus and cynomolgus macaques at a dose of 60 microg/dose one, three, or seven times per week for 4 weeks. At scheduled termination, lungs were evaluated for gross and histomorphologic changes. IFN-beta1a or vehicle (human serum albumin [HSA] in phosphate-buffered saline [PBS]) treatment resulted in minimal to mild subchronic alveolitis, located primarily near the instillation sites. These responses were considered nonspecific and consistent with either instillation of a foreign protein or minor injury associated with the instillation procedure. In one rhesus macaque treated every day for 4 weeks, IFN-beta1a induced mild to moderate eosinophilic alveolitis, considered possibly an isolated type I hypersensitivity response to HSA or IFN-beta1a. Partial resolution of pulmonary lesions was seen in all recovery animals killed 2 weeks after cessation of treatment. In conclusion, this study shows that pulmonary administration of human IFN-beta1a is safe and that the pulmonary route of administration is a possible alternate route for the systemic delivery of IFN-beta1a.
Absorption↗
A standardized approach for iris color determination.
Latanoprost, the phenyl-substituted prostaglandin F2alpha, has been found to be an effective agent for glaucoma therapy. This prostaglandin derivative exerts ocular hypotensive activity but is also associated with an untoward side effect, namely iris color changes. Latanoprost provoked iris color changes in cynomolgus monkeys and in multicenter clinical trials. Until now photographs were taken and compared with color plates to document these changes. The disadvantage of this method is obvious, i.e., the color luminance varies between measurements due to changes in the developer. Furthermore, subjective comparison of color changes relative to color plates rendered judgment subject to impression and opinion rather than to objective data. Therefore, a computerized method using a 3-CCD video camera attached to a slit lamp was developed. The signals were transferred to a computer and a single frame, which was "frozen" by means of a "grabber card." Camera and the computer had previously been calibrated and color plates were measured to check the standard conditions. They were evaluated by a software program displaying average color (as red, green, and blue values) of the selected area. This method provides a fast and accurate way to quantify color changes in the iris of both experimental animals and clinical trials.
Animals↗