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Bjørn-Erik Kristiansen

Publications and source records attributed to Bjørn-Erik Kristiansen.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Increasing antibiotic resistance in urinary tract infections].

BACKGROUND: There is increasing focus on the development of bacterial antibiotic resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of urine samples from patients resident in a Norwegian county, comparing 9121 samples culture-positive in 2003-04 with 28 066 samples in 1997-99. Determination of resistance was done with the MAST automatic multipoint inoculator system. RESULTS: Escherichia coli was found in 68% and 56% of out-patient and in-patient isolates respectively. Significant declines in mecillinam sensitivity (from 96% to 94%), nitrofurantoin sensitivity (from 97% to 95%) and sulfonamide sensitivity (from 73% to 71%) in in-patient E. coli isolates were found. In out-patients we found significant reductions in sensitivity to ampicillin (from 78% to 76%) and trimethoprim (from 83% to 82%). For urinary tract infection isolates as a whole, the greatest sensitivity was observed for nitrofurantoin: 85% in in-patient isolates and 75% in out-patient isolates, but there was a significant decline in resistance to several antibiotics. INTERPRETATION: Increasing antibiotic resistance may be related to increasing antibiotic use. Mecillinam and nitrofurantoin may be considered first-choice preparations as E. coli is the dominant etiological agent and shows the greatest sensitivity to these two antibiotics.

Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary↗
PubMed2005

Uncomplicated urinary tract infections. Bacterial findings and efficacy of empirical antibacterial treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To assess bacterial aetiology, antimicrobial susceptibility and efficacy of empirical treatment in uncomplicated urinary tract infections and to evaluate the dipstick as a diagnostic tool. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Clinical microbiology laboratory and 17 general practice clinics in Telemark County, Norway. SUBJECTS: A total of 184 female patients between 15 and 65 years of age with symptoms of uncomplicated urinary tract infection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Results from dipstick testing (leucocyte esterase and nitrite), bacterial culture, susceptibility patterns and efficacy of empirical antibacterial therapy on symptoms. RESULTS: Significant bacteruria was detected in 140 (76%) of the 184 urines. The leukocyte esterase test was of little help in predicting culture-positive UTI. A positive nitrite test accurately predicted culture-positivity, while a negative result was ambiguous. The most common bacterium, E. coli, was found in 112 (80%) of the 140 positive urines and was predominantly sensitive to ciprofloxacin (100%), mecillinam (94%), nitrofurantoin (97%), trimethoprim (88%), and sulphonamide (81%), and to a lesser extent to ampicillin (72%). In 18 patients the causative bacterium was resistant to the therapeutic agent used; 7 of these returned to their GP with persisting symptoms while in 11 symptoms resolved without further treatment. CONCLUSION: The study confirms E. coli as the predominant cause of uncomplicated UTI. Since in the majority of cases the bacterium found was susceptible to the locally preferred antimicrobials and the patients' symptoms were cured, empiric therapy is found to be an effective practice in the study area and, by inference, in others with similar antimicrobial susceptibility patterns.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

A fusidic acid-resistant clone of Staphylococcus aureus associated with impetigo bullosa is spreading in Norway.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possibility that the increased prevalence of fusidic acid-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Norway is caused by clonal spread. METHODS: Fusidic acid-resistant and -susceptible clinical isolates of S. aureus from patients with skin infections in the Norwegian county of Telemark and fusidic acid-resistant isolates from other parts of Scandinavia were compared. MICs of fusidic acid for bacterial isolates and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns were investigated. Prevalence data for fusidic acid-resistant S. aureus for the period 1992-2001 were obtained. RESULTS: The prevalence of fusidic acid resistance in S. aureus increased from 1992 to 2001. Eighty per cent of the resistant isolates investigated shared an identical PFGE pattern. The same pattern was found in fusidic acid-resistant isolates from other parts of Scandinavia. Fusidic acid-resistant S. aureus was typically found in impetigo bullosa-like skin disease in children mostly in the summer months. CONCLUSIONS: Fusidic acid resistance among S. aureus is increasing in Norway and is predominantly caused by one clone of S. aureus. The clone may spread further to other countries, and dissemination may be facilitated by extensive use of topical fusidic acid.

Clone Cells↗