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Biomedical subjects

Brian Moore

Publications and source records attributed to Brian Moore.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

The adult psychiatrist's dilemma: psychostimulant use in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Children who have taken psychostimulants long term for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are now presenting at adult psychiatry clinics at an age at which bipolar disorder and schizophrenia may first appear and at which pregnancy is a possibility. Doctors who may have little experience in the management of ADHD or use of psychostimulants are faced with decisions on whether to continue or withdraw medication. A literature search conducted to clarify these issues revealed that, although psychostimulants are generally efficacious in ADHD, the risks of withdrawal reactions and of possible long-term effects such as drug addiction, psychosis and depression, or effects in pregnancy, have not been adequately investigated. In particular, there is little information on the effects of withdrawal and no firm guidelines on methods of psychostimulant discontinuation. There is a need for further research to clarify the pharmacological issues involved in the drug treatment of ADHD and for overlapping arrangements between child and adult psychiatry clinics in the management of ADHD.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

A novel technique for the rapid identification of alpha emitters released during a radiological incident.

Before the May 2003 TOPOFF II exercise in Seattle, the U.S. EPA's Laboratory in Las Vegas prepared five spiked samples to be analyzed by the Washington State Department of Health's (WSDOH) Radiation Laboratory. Two of these were simulated deposition samples prepared on packaging tape. Laboratories throughout the world are investigating rapid methods for analyzing plume-borne radioactive materials. While measuring gamma emitters in environmental samples is fairly straightforward, the potential presence of alpha emitters adds complexity. The short range of alpha particles and the high degree of energy interference between nuclides usually require chemical separations and very thin mounts for alpha spectrometry. Work published on Frisch-Grid alpha counting of transuranics in soil and the commercial development of radon-rejection for air filters indicate that alpha spectrometry can be used directly on some media with success. This suggests that plume-borne material sampled from air or freshly deposited surface layers may be counted directly by alpha spectrometry, making it possible to identify both alpha and gamma emitters and determine their relative concentrations. The long-range objective is to propose a sampling method that can be used for rapid qualitative and semi-quantitative analyses using conventional radioanalytical instruments, with minimal preparation. This paper describes experimentation with this approach during a real-time exercise. All samples were prepared by spiking with (137)Cs, (241)Am, (238)Pu, and (239)Pu and presented to the WSDOH's Radiation Laboratory for analysis during TOPOFF II. The laboratory quickly identified and determined the ratios of all four contaminants on the tape samples using sequential alpha spectrometry and gamma-ray spectroscopy without chemical separations.

Air Pollutants, Radioactive↗
PubMed2005

Effects of radiofrequency energy on human articular cartilage: an analysis of 5 systems.

BACKGROUND: Previous radiofrequency work has not rigidly controlled energy application to the articular cartilage, giving uncertain results published to date. HYPOTHESIS: At minimal settings, radiofrequency probes cause cell death in measurable areas when applied to human articular cartilage. STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study. METHODS: Simulating operating room conditions, 5 commercially available radiofrequency probes were attached to a customized jig to standardize a minimal contact pressure of each probe tip to 2.0 g. Keeping all variables the same, probes were placed on specific points of fresh grade II human cartilage with treatment times of 1 and 3 seconds at the manufacturer's recommended settings. Grade III cartilage was also tested with a treatment time of 3 seconds, and grade II cartilage was studied with the probe held 1 mm off the cartilage surface. Cartilage was blindly analyzed by confocal microscopy using a live/dead cell viability assay to determine the extent of cell death. RESULTS: Radiofrequency probes produced significant cellular death in the form of a half-circle into the cartilage to variable depths. For treatment times of 1 and 3 seconds, cell death measurements ranged from 404 to 539 mum and 1034 to 1283 mum, respectively. One probe failed to show any effect, with minimal evidence of cell death or cartilage smoothing. When probes were kept a 1.0-mm distance above the cartilage, no cell death or cartilage smoothing was noted. Radiofrequency treatment of grade III cartilage penetrated to the subchondral bone. There was no statistically significant difference between the damage caused by monopolar and bipolar probes when tested under these rigidly controlled conditions. CONCLUSION: These results showed significant cellular death at these minimal conditions to the underlying chondrocytes with radiofrequency probes. Surgeons using this technology need to be aware of the power and dangerous potential these probes can have on articular cartilage.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Influence of ear canal occlusion and static pressure difference on bone conduction thresholds: implications for mechanisms of bone conduction.

The effect of air pressure change on bone conduction (BC) hearing thresholds in the occluded ear was investigated. The pump manometer system of an impedance bridge was used to change the air pressure in the ear canal of twenty-two normally hearing subjects. BC thresholds were measured with: (1) open ear; (2) the ear canal occluded with a probe tube and application of 0 daPa air pressure; and (3) the ear canal occluded with a probe tube and application of 350 daPa air pressure. Thresholds were lower in condition 2 than in condition 1, the difference decreasing from 27 dB at 2500 Hz to 4.5 dB at 2000 Hz. Thresholds were higher in condition 3 than in condition 2. The results are interpreted in terms of changes in the relative contribution of the three routes of transmission for BC sound produced by occlusion and by a static pressure difference.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed2005

Pediatric trauma--unique considerations in evaluating and treating children.

In Minnesota, accidental traumatic injury remains the leading cause of death and disability among people ages 1 through middle age. Trauma care providers who treat children must be aware of fundamental differences between pediatric patients and adults. The intent of this article is to provide readers with a primer on some of the clinical issues surrounding the anatomy and physiology of children, the key aspects of pediatric triage, and current perspectives on early treatment of children with traumatic injuries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Inflammatory cytokine production predominates in early Lyme disease in patients with erythema migrans.

In a study of cytokine production ex vivo by Borrelia burgdorferi-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 27 patients with culture-positive erythema migrans, production of inflammatory cytokines predominated, particularly gamma interferon and, to a lesser degree, tumor necrosis factor alpha. In contrast, with the exception of interleukin-13, anti-inflammatory cytokine production was negligible. Thus, B. burgdorferi antigens in early Lyme disease often induce a strong inflammatory response.

Antigens, Bacterial↗