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Bruno Bonnemain

Publications and source records attributed to Bruno Bonnemain.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2007

Cardiovascular safety of gadoterate meglumine (Gd-DOTA).

OBJECTIVES: Gadolinium complexes are not considered to be a drug class at high risk for prolonging cardiac repolarization, which can lead to potentially life-threatening arrhythmias such as torsade de pointes. However, only limited robust data are available on these compounds despite their extensive use as contrast enhancers in magnetic resonance imaging. We present an overview of recent cardiovascular safety data obtained on gadoterate meglumine (Gd-DOTA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cardiovascular safety was evaluated by "state-of-the-art" nonclinical ex vitro (dog Purkinje fibers) and in vivo studies in both normal (dogs) and sensitized animal models (rabbits) and in patients with various diseases in a specific clinical trial. RESULTS: In all of these studies, Gd-DOTA did not show any direct deleterious effect on cardiac electrophysiology and especially on ventricular repolarization. CONCLUSION: These results confirmed the good safety profile of Gd-DOTA derived from postmarketing evaluations. Nonspecific gadolinium complexes used for magnetic resonance contrast enhancement do not constitute a class-at-risk for drug-related arrhythmias.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Preclinical safety and pharmacokinetic profile of ferumoxtran-10, an ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide magnetic resonance contrast agent.

OBJECTIVES: This report presents an overview of preclinical data available on ferumoxtran-10, an ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticular contrast agent proposed for lymph node magnetic resonance imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pharmacokinetic, safety pharmacology, single- and repeat-dose toxicity, reproduction toxicity, and genotoxicity studies were performed with ferumoxtran-10 given intravenously (bolus injection) in mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, and monkeys. RESULTS: Ferumoxtran-10 was taken up by macrophages, mostly in liver, spleen, and lymph nodes, within 24 hours after bolus injection and underwent progressive metabolism. Toxicity was observed only at very high exposure levels and mainly was linked to a massive iron load after repeated injections. Ferumoxtran-10 was not mutagenic but was teratogenic in rats and rabbits. DISCUSSION: The preclinical pharmacokinetic and safety profile of ferumoxtran-10 appears to be satisfactory in view of its proposed use as a single-dose diagnostic agent in human for MR imaging of lymph nodes.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Helix and Drugs: Snails for Western Health Care From Antiquity to the Present.

The land helix, or snail, has been used in medicine since antiquity and prepared according to several formulations. This historical report traces the understanding of their properties from the time of Hippocrates, who proposed the use of snail mucus against protoccle and Pliny who thought that the snail increased the speed of delivery and was "a sovereign remedy to treat pain related to burns, abscesses and other wounds", Galien recommended snails against hydrops foetails. In the 18th century, various snail "preparations" were also recommended for external use with dermatological disorders and internally for symptoms associated with tuberculosis and nephritis. Surprisingly, the 19th century saw a renewed interest in the pharmaceutical and medical use of snails with numerous indications for snail preparations. This interest in snails did not stop at the end of the 19th century. The 1945 edition of Dorvault devotes an entire paragraph to snails, indicating that the therapeutic usage of snails was still alive at that time. Recently the FDA has also shown an interest in snails. Ziconotide (SNXIII), a synthetic peptide coming from snail venom, has been under FDA review since 1999. Pre-clinical and clinical studies of this new drug are promising.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

[History of prolonged-release formulations and the contribution of French pharmacy in this field].

The second part of the XXth century have seen the creation of new systems of administration for drugs, including delayed formulation systems or prolonged-release formulations (PRF). It is first within the industry, and mainly in the USA, that such new formulations were developed, with the purpose to increase the duration of action for pharmaceutical active principles. Several approaches were proposed and developed, jointly with more and more sophisticated evaluation techniques. In France, PRF market increased progressively during the 1980's; it then decreased because of more severe restrictions by health authorities for new drug approvals. In French specialty reference book (Vidal) included 518 PRF in the year 2000, from which 121 were tablets and 118 were hard gelatine capsules.

Delayed-Action Preparations↗
PubMed2005

[Injectable dyes: more than 70 years of therapeutic usage of dyes].

Synthetic dyes were first discovered at the end of the XVIIIth century (picric acid by Woulfe in 1771) and during the first part of the XIXth century: rosolic acid (Runge, 1834), mauvein (Perkin, 1856), but their development was major at the end of the XIXth century. Their therapeutic use was really starting at the beginning of the XXth century, mainly by local and oral route. It is only in the 1930's that parenteral route of administration was actually developed: methylene blue, methyl violet are some examples that were used for leprosy and filariasis, respectively. After the 2nd world war, one can observe a rapid decrease of the therapeutic use of dyes by intravenous route. Only a few dyes are still used today, such as patent blue V or fluorescein, as drugs for diagnostic use.

Coloring Agents↗
PubMed2005

[Alternative medicine during the XIX and XX centuries].

Alternative medicines continue to grow during these first years of the XXIst century where believes and irrational ideas are popular. Drugs did played and still play a central role for some of them such as homeopathy, radiesthesia, and magnetism, three approaches that are sometime consider as complementary to each others. Pharmacists were related volunterely or not to their history during the XIX and XX centuries, as well as official institutions and political power. The present study shows complexity of these interactions and the role sometime essential the pharmacist had for the recognition of some medical practices.

Complementary Therapies↗
PubMed2004

[Religious and pharmacie in France after the french révolution].

The Germinal an XI law is supposed to close a period of time where several people were allowed to prepare and deliver drugs. Concerning clergy, this law will not be totally applied. Several priests and religious, during the XIXe century, will create and distribute pharmaceutical products. Oudin, Cottance and Chaupitre, all priests, are a few of key examples. L'abbé Perdrigeon was a priest that discover his calling to cure by treating Napoleon III's soldiers during 1870 war. It remains form it the so-called "Contrecoups de l' Abbé Perdrigeon ", product still commercialized. The present publication describes the legal and cultural feature in which illegal exercise of Pharmacy and Medicine took place by clergy, and the reasons why priests and nuns wanted to pursue this usage until the 1941 law.

Clergy↗
PubMed2003

[Helix and drugs: snails for health care from Antiquity to these days].

Land helix, so called snails, have been used in medicine since Antiquity. We find them until today in pharmaceutical specialties and it is the subject of several studies. Why this gastropod has much interested and what products were used, based on this unique active ingredient? Some famous pharmacists like Mure, Figuier and Barin-Barthélémy, made specialties that were well known along the 19th century as proven by the Dorvault reference book in 1877. But the history of snails in medicine continued during the 20th century with hélicidine, commercialized in France in 1957, and with HPA (HElix Pomatia Lectin) that is fixed by metastatic tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[When blood and meat were drugs].

When one look at pharmaceutical advertising and trademarks at the beginning of the 20th century, several of them emphasize the interest of pharmaceutical specialties based on animal blood. This fashion goes back to Fuster's work in 1865 on tuberculosis, but also to Deschiens, Catillon, Adrian and mainly Richet. This interest for blood derivatives in therapy will progressively disappear after teh Second World war and with antibiotic discovery. Consequently, it has been a century of glory for these specialties that seem strange today in the context of HIV and ESB issues. But some of these research will be the basis for modern works on erythropoetin (the famous EPO).

Blood↗
PubMed2002

[Relationship between pharmaceutical industry and the French government during the last two centuries].

Between the law of germinal an XI and the 1941 law, the relationship between the pharmaceutical industry and the French government were driven by the official practice of pharmacy. The State trues pharmacist who has to contrôle financially and deontologically his company. After 1941, the State will more and more regulate and control all the activities of the pharmaceutical products industry due to the major financial impact of these products on Health Care and Social Security budgets. French State will be progressively concerned with medical information and good practices (good manufacturing practices, good laboratory practices...) It will also regulate the pricing of new drugs, the development process and will encourage the marketing of innovative products. These rules, on the basis of the European directive of 1965, will be more or less harmonized for all European countries. Since 1989, this harmonization process is looking for an expansion outside of Europe, at least for the marketing authorization, in order to facilitate the registration of innovative products in all countries. One can then observe on a period of two centuries the evolution from freedom of the pharmaceutical industry more and more to a strict controlled freedom.

Drug Industry↗
PubMed2002

[The pharmaceutical industry during the Second World War: issues and evolution].

During the Second World War, French pharmaceutical industry was facing several crises at the same time: economic, social and political crisis, in its relationship with the German occupying forces and the Vichy regime. However, the industrial pharmacy continued its investments and innovation: several specialties were born. Other specialties are largely increasing their sales as they replace missing food (sugar, oil). Relationship with the occupying forces are first to try to escape constraints that are imposed to the companies. But contracts signed with German companies are obviously related to the defeated position of France. Allied are also a source of breach between French companies and their subsidiaries abroad (UK or USA). In this context, the new French law of September 11, 1941 on French Pharmacy appears for Vichy's regime and German occupying forces as a way among others to control the French pharmaceutical industry.

Drug Industry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Priesthood and pharmacy in France after the French Revolution].

Contrary to Tournier's assertion (thesis of 1938), the law of germinal (the seventh month of the eleventh year of the French Republican Calendar) had not been respected by the regular/secular priesthood because it was so ambiguous that they could seize the opportunity to carry on practising the art of medicine or manufacturing and selling drugs. In fact there were three reasons for the lack of steadiness of authorities: the practice of charity, financial concerns and the rise of the science which incited to illegal practice of pharmacy although professionals protested against. On the other hand, the priesthood officials tardily took the decision of forbidding the practice of medicine, surgery and pharmacy until 1936 when it was anew forbidden after a meeting of French cardinals and bishops. In 1941, with the agreement of all concerned persons the problem came to its end.

Clergy↗