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Bruno Federico

Publications and source records attributed to Bruno Federico.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Higher smoking prevalence in urban compared to non-urban areas: time trends in six European countries.

We investigated differences in smoking prevalence between urban and non-urban area of residence in six Western European countries (Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Germany, Italy and Spain), and smoking prevalence trends over the period 1985-2000. In most countries, smoking prevalence was highest in urban areas, and increased with urbanization. Urban/non-urban inequalities were most pronounced among individuals with low education levels, and also among females. There were no significant differences in annual rate of change in smoking prevalence between non-urban and urban areas.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Educational inequalities in initiation, cessation, and prevalence of smoking among 3 Italian birth cohorts.

OBJECTIVES: We examined socioeconomic inequalities in initiation and cessation rates of smoking and the resultant inequality in smoking prevalence among 3 consecutive Italian birth cohorts. METHODS: We used data from the 1999-2000 Italian National Health Interview Survey, which included 28958 men and 29769 women who were born between 1940 and 1969. The association between smoking variables and level of education was assessed with logistic regression and life table analyses. RESULTS: Inequalities in the lifetime prevalence of smoking increased across the 3 birth cohorts in Italy. At age 40, lower-educated persons in the youngest cohort reported on average 1 to 5 years of additional exposure to regular smoking compared with higher-educated persons. Inequalities in smoking prevalence increased among both men and women because of widening inequalities in initiation rates. Among women, growing inequalities in cessation rates also played a role. CONCLUSIONS: The relative contribution of initiation and cessation to socioeconomic inequalities in smoking rates varied by both gender and birth cohort. For the youngest birth cohort, policies that address inequalities in smoking should focus on both initiation and cessation.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Evaluation of satisfaction level by parents and children following pediatric anesthesia.

BACKGROUND: Research in the field of patient satisfaction first took place in the 1980s in the USA, and later in Europe, aimed at meeting competitive requirements in the field of health care. Very few studies of this type exist in regard to pediatric anesthesia. Our aim was to develop a rapidly interpretable questionnaire to measure the level of parental satisfaction when their children undergo surgery and provide information on those factors triggering anxiety in these children. METHODS: Over a period of 18 months 179 parents of children in pediatric surgery responded to 214 questionnaires designed to investigate principally the emotional/behavioral spheres as well as the comfort provided. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We found that parents generally expressed a high degree of satisfaction which was good and correlated significantly with environmental comfort and postoperative observations performed by anesthetists and nursing staff. In the children, lack of fear at the moment of being anesthetized, and lack of anxiety on the day preceding surgery, were attributed to the serenity transmitted by the anesthetist and nurses. Significant anxiety resulted from the fear of an unpleasant impact with the operating room.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Impact of drug policy on the use of parenteral cephalosporins in Italy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of the 1998 revision of CUF Note 55 on doctors' prescribing behaviour and drug costs with regard to intramuscularly administered cephalosporins. METHOD: National data on drug use between January 1998 and June 2000 were provided by the Drug Utilisation Monitoring Centre of the Ministry of Health. The Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical classification and the Defined Daily Dose methodology, as well as population estimates obtained from the Italian National Statistics Institute were used to define consumption as the number of defined daily doses per 1000 inhabitants per day. The cost of these antibiotic medications was determined using the wholesale price reported in Informatore Farmaceutico. Italian inflation rates were used to annuitize the expenditure. "STATA 6.0" software was used for all statistical analyses. RESULTS: The use of cefonicid rose dramatically after the revision (+ 136.3%), whereas the utilisation of the other active ingredients decreased. A decrease of 5.6% in the expenditure for all parenteral cephalosporins was observed in this period while the same figure increased by 2.3% after one year. CONCLUSION: The exclusion of cefonicid from a restricted list appears to have significantly affected doctors' prescribing practices, while the effect on drug expenditure was contradictory.

Cephalosporins↗