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Bruno Hägglöf

Publications and source records attributed to Bruno Hägglöf.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Behavioural changes after anaesthesia: validity and liability of the Post Hospitalization Behavior Questionnaire in a Swedish paediatric population.

AIM: To study the validity and liability of a Swedish translation of the Post Hospitalization Behavior Questionnaire (PHBQ) in children in Sweden. METHODS: The PHBQ was translated using a back-translation method. The subjects were 340 children, ages 2-13 y, admitted for elective surgery or diagnostic procedure with anaesthesia. The results were analysed using exploratory factor analysis with principal component analysis with Oblimin rotation. The fit to data was examined using confirmative factor analysis with a good measure of fit for the model (p>0.09 for all factors). RESULTS: Five factors emerged as being most consistent: general anxiety-withdrawal, eating disturbances, separation anxiety, regression-aggression and sleep anxiety. A panel of child psychologists confirmed the face validity of factors. Internal consistency (Chronbach's alpha) was adequate (0.75-0.87) for subscales and excellent for total score (0.93). Children less than 5 y old had higher scores than older children (mean 0.046+/-0.018 vs -0.0089+/-0.014, p<0.001). There were no gender differences. CONCLUSION: The results support a conclusion that a five-factor model better fits data from Swedish children than the original six-factor model.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

The prevalence of mental health problems in Ethiopian child laborers.

BACKGROUND: Child labor refers to a state when a child is involved in exploitative economical activities that are mentally, physically, and socially hazardous. There are no prevalence studies on the magnitude of psychiatric disorders among child laborers. METHODS: A cross-sectional population survey was conducted in Addis Ababa using the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents (DICA). Subjects were a random sample of 528 child laborers aged between 5 and 15 years and comprising child domestics, street-workers and private enterprise workers. These were compared with 472 non-economically active controls. RESULTS: The aggregate prevalence of any DSM-III-R childhood emotional and behavioral disorders was found to be 16.5%, with 20.1% and 12.5% among child laborers and controls respectively, OR = 1.89 (95% CI, 1.34-2.67, p < .01). Internalizing disorders such as mood disorders were significantly higher among the laborers than the non-laborers, OR = 6.65 (95% CI, 2.20-22.52, p = .0001). Anxiety disorder was seen over twofold among child laborers while psychosocial stressors were one and half times more likely among the study subjects than controls. When all factors were taken into account, child labor status was the only significant factor in determining DSM-III-R diagnosis. CONCLUSION: In this study childhood emotional and behavioral disorders are found to be more common among child laborers than among non-laborers. We recommend a larger study to look into childhood disorders and risk factors in child labor. As part of the concerted effort, government, NGOs, and the public should at least view child labor as a menace in a child's development, with risk of psychosocial difficulties.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Growth in 10- to 12-year-old children born at 23 to 25 weeks' gestation in the 1990s: a Swedish national prospective follow-up study.

BACKGROUND: Knowledge of long-term growth of extremely preterm infants in relation to gestational age is incomplete, and there are concerns regarding their poor growth in early childhood. As part of a longitudinal study of a national cohort of infants born at <26 weeks' gestation (extremely immature), growth development from birth to the age of 11 years was examined, and correlates of growth attainment were analyzed. METHODS: Two hundred forty-seven extremely immature children were born alive from April 1990 through March 1992 in the whole of Sweden, and 89 (36%) survived. Growth and neurosensory outcomes of all extremely immature survivors were evaluated at 36 months of age. Eighty-six (97%) extremely immature children were identified and assessed at 11 years of age. In this growth study, 83 extremely immature infants (mean [SD]: birth weight, 772 g [110 g]; gestational age, 24.6 weeks [0.6 weeks]) without severe motor disability were followed up prospectively from birth to 11 years old and compared with a matched group of 83 children born at term. z scores for weight, height, head circumference, and BMI were computed for all children. We also examined gender-specific longitudinal growth measures. Predictors of 11-year growth were studied by multivariate analyses. RESULTS: Extremely immature children were significantly smaller in all 3 growth parameters than the controls at 11 years. Extremely immature children showed a sharp decline in weight and height z scores up to 3 months' corrected age, followed by catch-up growth in both weight and height up to 11 years. In contrast to weight and height, extremely immature children did not exhibit catch-up growth in head circumference after the first 6 months of life. The mean BMI z scores increased significantly from 1 to 11 years in both groups. The mean BMI change between 1 and 11 years of age was significantly larger in extremely immature than in control participants. Extremely immature girls showed a faster weight increase than extremely immature boys, whereas catch-up growth in height and head circumference was similar in these groups. Multiple-regression analyses revealed that preterm birth and parental height were significant predictors of 11-year height, and group status (prematurity) correlated strongly with head circumference. CONCLUSIONS: Children born at the limit of viability attain poor growth in early childhood, followed by catch-up growth to age 11 years, but remain smaller than their term-born peers. Strategies that improve early growth might improve the outcome.

Body Height↗
PubMed2006

Chronic conditions, functional limitations, and special health care needs in 10- to 12-year-old children born at 23 to 25 weeks' gestation in the 1990s: a Swedish national prospective follow-up study.

BACKGROUND: Children born extremely immature (gestational age < 26 weeks' gestation) increasingly reach school age. Information on their overall functioning and special health care needs is necessary to plan for their medical and educational services. This study was undertaken to examine neurosensory, medical, and developmental conditions together with functional limitations and special health care needs of extremely immature children compared with control subjects born at term. METHODS: We studied 11-year-old children born before 26 completed weeks of gestation in all of Sweden from 1990 through 1992. All had been evaluated at 36 months' corrected age. Identification of children with chronic conditions lasting > or = 12 months was based on a questionnaire administered to parents. Neurosensory impairments were identified by reviewing health records. Information regarding other specific medical diagnoses and developmental disabilities was obtained by standard parent and teacher questionnaires. RESULTS: Of 89 eligible children, 86 (97%) were studied at a mean age of 11 years. An equal number of children born at term served as controls. Logistic-regression analyses adjusting for social risk factors and gender showed that significantly more extremely immature children than controls had chronic conditions, including functional limitations (64% vs 11%, respectively), compensatory dependency needs (59% vs 25%), and services above those routinely required by children (67% vs 22%). Specific diagnoses or disabilities with higher rates in extremely immature children than in controls included neurosensory impairment (15% vs 2%), asthma (20% vs 6%), poor motor skills of > 2 SDs above the mean (26% vs 3%), poor visual perception of > 2 SDs above the mean (21% vs 4%), poor learning skills of > 2 SDs above the mean (27% vs 3%), poor adaptive functioning with T scores of < 40 (42% vs 9%), and poor academic performance with T score < 40 (49% vs 7%). CONCLUSIONS: Children born extremely immature have significantly greater health problems and special health care needs at 11 years of age. However, few children have severe impairments that curtail major activities of daily living.

Child↗
PubMed2005

Adolescent attachment styles and their relation to the temperament and character traits of personality in a general population.

Attachment styles as well as personality traits in adolescents and adults have been found to be associated with their health outcomes and with their personality pathology. In this cross-sectional exploratory study, we study the relationship between attachment styles that derive from our data employing the items of Feeney et al. (1994) self-report attachment style questionnaire (ASQ), and personality traits given by the junior version of Cloninger et al. (1993) self-report temperament and character inventory (TCI), in a sample of 426 adolescents (54% females) from a general population. The secure attachment style was correlated significantly negatively with the personality trait harm avoidance (HA), but significantly positively with the personality traits novelty seeking (NS), reward dependence (RD), cooperativeness (CO) and self-transcendence (ST). The preoccupied (anxious/ambivalent) attachment style was correlated significantly positively with HA and NS, but significantly negatively with self-directedness (SD). The fearful-avoidant category was correlated significantly negatively with NS. Our five-factor solution of the attachment styles and their relation to the TCI point towards a need for a modification of the two-axis, four-category attachment model of Bartholomew (1990) and Bartholomew and Horowitz (1991), with their category dismissing-avoidant replaced by the two categories defined here as dismissing relations (correlated significantly negatively with CO) and dismissing others (correlated significantly negatively with RD and significantly positively with SD).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

The complexity of the psychosocial situation in children and adolescents with heart disease.

AIM: To describe the psychosocial situation of children/adolescents with heart disease and their families, an inventory method was worked out. METHODS: Ninety-seven children/adolescents with congenital heart disease (CHD) were graded into three categories with respect to complexity of CHD. Group I included 42 patients with malformations requiring standardized operations. Group II included 20 patients with more complicated malformations, and group III included 35 patients with very complex malformations. The patients were compared with controls without heart disease, matched for age and gender. The psychosocial impact of CHD was measured by the inventory. RESULTS: The most frequent problems in the patient group were healthcare and treatment-related needs (71/97) in the external sphere, family symptoms (68/97) in the interpersonal sphere, and somatic symptoms (19/97) in the personal sphere. Corresponding numbers in the controls were treatment-related needs (15/97), family (9/97) and somatic symptoms (25/97). Fifty per cent of the symptoms in the patient groups were mild, 30% moderate and 20% severe. The most severe symptoms were found in the interpersonal sphere, where family symptoms constituted the most severe variable. The frequency of severe problems in the personal sphere was 11% in the patients and 1% in the controls. This inventory method differentiates the grades of medical complexity both regarding number and severity of psychosocial symptoms. It indicates severe personal problems in the most complex group and shows that they have severe personal problems independent of family problems. CONCLUSION: This study elucidates the psychosocial complexity in children/adolescents with CHD, which has clinical implications in developing a psychosocial care programme.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2003

Attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder with and without oppositional defiant disorder in 3- to 7-year-old children.

Attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with a high degree of associated behavioural problems. In order to study characteristics of ADHD with and without oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in a representative group of young children with clinical impairment in Sweden, 131 children (101 males, 30 females) with ADHD (mean age 5 years, SD 1 year 5 months; range 3 to 7 years) were clinically examined, and their parents interviewed. Independent questionnaire data (Child Behavior Checklist, ADHD Rating Scale-IV, ODD Rating Scale-IV, Conners Hyperactivity Index) were collected. For comparison 131 children without ADHD were matched for sex, age, marital status, and socioeconomic status (115 males, 16 females; mean age 4 years 10 months, SD 1 year 5 months; range 3 to 7 years). Sixty percent of those with ADHD met full DSM-IV criteria for ODD. Only 10 of the 131 children with ADHD had no symptoms of ODD at all. The rate of children meeting full diagnostic criteria for ODD was similar across all age cohorts. Males were overrepresented in ODD, as were children of divorced parents and of mothers with low socioeconomic status. ADHD combined subtype was a stable independent factor influencing the diagnosis of ODD, regardless of psychosocial factors. Those with ADHD with ODD consistently showed higher rates of ADHD symptoms than did those with ADHD without ODD. The prevalent comorbidity of ADHD with ODD indicates that all children presenting with ADHD or ODD symptoms need to be assessed with a view to exploring both types of problem behaviours. The link between ODD and some psychosocial variables indicates the need to address these, possibly by measures such as parent training and network support.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed2003

Child war trauma: a comparison of clinician, parent and child assessments.

This paper focuses on the difficulty of capturing child war trauma: the appropriateness of a standardized trauma questionnaire and the value of recruiting multiple reports. Three independent assessments of the war exposure of 75 Bosnian refugee children and teenage youths (aged 1-20), resettled in Sweden, are compared: clinician assessment based upon a semi-structured interview with the family, child self-report on the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ) and parent report on the same questionnaire. Parent and clinician reports show marked group similarities but differ often with regard to the individual child. Clinician score reveals a social class gradient not visible on the HTQ. Parent and teenager assessments correlate strongly on total exposure but diverge markedly on specific events. Discrepancy derives as frequently from events affirmed by teenager alone as by parent alone. Primary school children, on the other hand, systematically offer a less-detailed account of their own war exposure. In summary, original HTQ functions "quite well" as a standardized questionnaire, but a Bosnian-specific version would expectedly afford greater validity and capture social class differences in child exposure. For teenagers, the value of multiple informants appears evident; for primary school children, a more adequately age-adjusted procedure remains the first priority.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

The Temperament Scale of Novelty Seeking in adolescents shows an association with season of birth opposite to that in adults.

We investigated the relationship between season of birth and the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory of Personality (Junior TCI, JTCI) in adolescents. The Temperament Scale of Novelty Seeking (NS) is significantly higher for females born during October-January as compared to females born otherwise. This association is opposite to that obtained earlier for adults. For both genders pooled, NS is significantly higher for those born during October-March compared to April-September. This association is also found when examining the data for those of age up to 18 years in a third independent study on the age range 11-81 years with the adult TCI. There is a greater tendency for exploration and risk-taking behavior as the child individuates from the family. Our study suggests that the effects of such environmental and developmental changes on personality are different in those born during October-March as compared to those born during April-September. The former show a higher rise in NS during adolescence and a steeper fall in NS during the years of adulthood, compared to the latter. Dopamine turnover is likely associated with NS, and the mutually inhibitory systems of dopamine and melatonin are the paracrine signals of day and night, respectively. Thus, the maternal entrainment of these systems during the prenatal period, or the postnatal environmental influence on these systems, may be different for those born during the short photoperiod of October-March as compared to those born during the long photoperiod part of the year.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Appraisals of stress in child-rearing in Swedish mothers pre-schoolers with ADHD. A questionnaire study.

Dutch self-report questionnaire for measuring parental: i) subjective stress, ii) global appraisal of the child-rearing situation, iii) attribution of child-rearing outcomes, and iv) expectation for help was translated into Swedish and applied to mothers of two groups of 3- to 7-year-olds: one with DSM-IV ADHD (n = 131) and one without DSM-IV ADHD (n = 131). The suggested factor structure of the original Dutch report was tested with confirmatory analysis on data from the mothers of children with ADHD [131]. There was no perfect fit to the data, but close enough to judge the factors as applicable to this sample. Factor reliability testing was performed. Results indicated good psychometric properties. Highly significant differences on all the measures in the four different sections (i) through (iv) were found between the ADHD group and the comparison group. The questionnaire is suggested to be useful in clinical work and research projects on problematic child-rearing situations.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Patient perspectives of recovery in adolescent onset anorexia nervosa.

The aim of this qualitative study was to describe the patients' perspective of the recovery process from anorexia nervosa. On average 16 years after initial assessment at child and adolescent psychiatric clinics, 68 women were interviewed about what they attributed as important factors in the recovery process of their adolescent onset anorexia nervosa. The answers were coded using content analysis. Those having recovered (n = 58) were able to describe clear turning points in their history and mentioned as most important aspects in their recovery: friends, own decisions, activities, treatment, family of origin, and own family.

Activities of Daily Living↗