Biomedical subjects

Bryan Reimer

Publications and source records attributed to Bryan Reimer.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Using self-reported data to assess the validity of driving simulation data.

In this article, we use self-reported driving behaviors from a written questionnaire to assess the measurement validity of data derived from a driving simulation. The issue of validity concerns the extent to which measures from the experimental context map onto constructs of interest. Following a description of the experimental methods and setting, an argument for the face validity of the data is advanced. Convergent validity was assessed by regressing behaviors observed in thedriving simulatoron self-reported measures of driving behaviors. Significant relationships were found across six measures: accidents, speeding, velocity, passing, weaving between traffic, and behavior at stop signs. Concurrent validity was evaluated with an analysis of simulator accident involvement and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder status. Discriminant validity was assessed using a multitrait-multimethod matrix of simulator and questionnaire data. We concluded that although the relationship between self-reported behaviors and observed responses in the simulator falls short of perfect correspondence, the data collected from the driving simulator are valid measures of the behaviors of interest.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Characterizing impaired driving in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A controlled study.

OBJECTIVE: We sought to confirm previously documented findings that individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) demonstrate impaired driving behavior when compared with controls. METHOD: Subjects were adults with (N = 26) and without (N = 23) DSM-IV ADHD ascertained through clinical referrals to an adult ADHD program and through advertisements in the local media. Driving behavior was assessed using the Manchester Driving Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) and 10 questions from a driving history questionnaire. Neuropsychological testing and structured interviews were also administered to all subjects. RESULTS: Substantially more ADHD subjects had been in an accident on the highway (35% vs. 9%, p = .03) or had been rear-ended (50% vs. 17%, p = .02) compared with controls. Analysis of the DBQ findings showed that ADHD subjects had significantly higher mean +/- SD scores than control subjects on the total DBQ (34.1 +/- 15.2 vs. 18.0 +/- 8.6, p < .001) and in all 3 subscales of the DBQ: errors (9.3 +/- 5.4 vs. 4.6 +/- 3.5, p < .001), lapses (12.4 +/- 6.2 vs. 6.1 +/- 3.5, p < .001), and violations (12.4 +/- 5.2 vs. 7.4 +/- 4.1, p < .001). Using the score that separated ADHD from control drivers on the DBQ as a cutoff, ADHD drivers at high risk for poor driving outcomes had more severe rates of comorbidity and exhibited more impaired scores on neuropsychological testing. CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm and extend previous work documenting impaired driving behavior in subjects with ADHD. Results also suggest that ADHD individuals at high risk for poor driving behavior might be distinguishable from other ADHD individuals on DBQ scores, neuropsychological deficits, and patterns of comorbidities.

Accidents, Traffic↗

PubMed2005

Behavior differences in drivers with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: the driving behavior questionnaire.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been linked to an increased number of driving citations, especially for speeding and a four-fold increase in accident risk. Using three factors--errors, lapses and violations--found in prior work, we ran regression analyses to explore the impact of ADHD status, gender and age on error, lapse and violation report scores. The results indicate that ADHD status is positively and significantly related to error, lapse and violation scores. In the cases of errors and violations, however, interactions between ADHD status and age are significant such that older participants with ADHD do not differ statistically from controls. There were no significant effects of age on error, lapse or violation scores for control participants. Consistent with earlier work, gender was significantly related to violation scores, but not to errors or lapses, such that men were more likely than women to report higher violation scores, controlling for ADHD status and age. We consider possible explanations for these findings and discuss the implications of these results for the accident risk of individuals with ADHD as they age.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Glance analysis of driver eye movements to evaluate distraction.

With the increasing use of in-vehicle devices in cars, an understanding of the safety implications of secondary tasks has become crucial. It is now possible to study the effects of many in-vehicledevices and tasks on driving by using head-mounted eye-tracking devices (HEDs) to collect eye positions and pupil diameters, which have been considered indicators of attentional focus. The collection of eye-position and pupil-diameter data of automobile drivers under on-road conditions and while completing various secondary tasks is described in this paper. Drivers were asked to drive on a preselected two-lane road for a total distance of 22 miles while gaze data were recorded using a HED. Longer off-road fixation durations were observed in radio-tuning and rearview mirror checking tasks, but not in the odometer checking task. In addition, the standard deviations of fixation displacements during a cognitive task involving the computation of a date for a meeting were shorter than those observed during normal driving.

Adult↗