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Biomedical subjects

C A Adebamowo

Publications and source records attributed to C A Adebamowo.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Total ovulating period: any contribution to ovarian carcinogenesis?

The etiology of ovarian cancer has many postulates including that of incessant ovulation. Women of high parity especially those that breastfeed in addition are supposed to be protected. Ovarian cancer patients in the developing world are of higher parity than their Caucasian counterparts. Our study compared the length of reproductive career (LRC), the physiological ovulation free period (PFP) and the total ovulating period (TOP) amongst histologically proven ovarian cancer patients and age - matched controls. This is a questionnaire survey of 21 ovarian cancer patients managed by us between 1st December 1998 and 31st July 2002 and 42 gynaecological patients not known to have ovarian cancer. The mean age among the patients was 45.7+16.9 years while among the controls it was 45.4 +/- 16.1 years. The mean parity of the patients was 3.6 +/- 2.2 compared to 3.4 +/- 2.9 in the controls. The patients had a mean LRC of 23.8 +/- 11.2 years while in the controls it was 25.7+10.8 years. The mean PFP of the patients was 7.4 +/- 5.6 years and for the controls 7.1 +/- 6.5 years. The patients had a mean TOP of 15.8 +/- 8.8 years while this was 18.6 +/- 8.1 years for the controls. None of these differences was statistically significant. Our study revealed no statistically significant differences in the total ovulating periods between ovarian cancer patients and age-matched controls. Further studies will be necessary.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Ovarian cancer in Ibadan: characteristics and management.

Ovarian cancer has the highest case fatality rate among gynaecological cancers worldwide because of lack of effective screening methods and non-specific early warning symptoms with late presentation. A reinvigorated study is necessary in the developing countries because of a projected increase in its incidence. The decreasing fertility rate and increasing use of ovulation induction drugs are some of the reasons. The Ovarian Cancer Service of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria commenced the first longitudinal study of this malignancy from 1 December 1998 in order to establish a regional management and research centre. It is a questionnaire survey detailing the demography, clinical and staging laparotomy findings and histology of all confirmed cases. Twenty-one staging laparotomy and histologically confirmed ovarian cancer cases were managed from 1 December 1998 to 31 July 2002, about 1.5% of the 1387 gynaecological admissions. It is the third most common of the gynaecological cancers, representing 9.8% of the 214 cases. More than 60% of the patients were 50 years or younger. Only 19% were nulliparous, with 47.6% having had five or more deliveries. Only two patients (9.5%) had used the oral contraceptive pill, for a maximum period of 1 month. Only one patient (4.8%) had a positive family history of cancer. Abdominal swelling was the most common presenting symptom. Eighty-one per cent of the patients presented in Stages III and IV. Epithelial ovarian cancer constituted about 76.2% of the cases. Only 23.8% had adjuvant therapy, consisting of combination chemotherapy using cisplatin-based regimes. The case fatality rate 6 months after surgery was 76%. The ovarian cancer patients in this environment are younger and of higher parity than expected. The risk factors for this disease require further study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Topical formalin for management of bleeding malignant ulcers.

Hemorrhage, an infrequent but serious complication of malignant ulceration, can be difficult to manage. Although many methods exist for treatment, none is wholly satisfactory. The use of topical formalin was studied in a group of patients with bleeding from malignant ulcers, and the results show that the agent achieved control of bleeding in 86% of the patients after two applications. There were no significant complications arising from the treatment. Topical formalin is a safe, inexpensive, effective agent for control of bleeding from malignant ulcers.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2000

Caudal anaesthesia in the clinical assessment of painful anal lesions.

The clinical evaluation of patients who present with painful anal conditions is often incomplete because of the need to avoid distress that digital examination engenders. Diagnosis is then based on the history and other findings on clinical examination. This is associated with a risk of missed and delayed diagnosis, delay in the initiation of appropriate therapy and the use of alternative investigation modalities which may not be necessary if full clinical evaluation had been done. In this communication, the experience with the use of caudal anaesthesia in the outpatient and ward setting to evaluate painful anal conditions is presented. The result shows that the technique is safe, and allows the immediate and complete evaluation of these conditions. The anaesthesia is short lasting and no morbidity was observed in this study.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Case report on hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer (HNPCC) in Nigeria.

The role of genetic factors in the etiology of colorectal cancers (CRCs) has recently been elucidated with the discovery of the mismatch repair. These genes are responsible for less than 5% of all cases of CRCs in Caucasian series. In this pilot study, tumors from 5 randomly ascertained CRC patients were subjected to microsatellite analysis, and two were microsatellite unstable. Both of these two patients had germline mutations in MSH2. If this finding can be confirmed in a larger series of patients, it suggests that MMR genes play an important role in the etiology of CRCs in Africa.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Surgery in Nigeria.

Nigeria, like most other developing countries, is today experiencing an increasing incidence of noncommunicable diseases and the unsolved problem of infectious diseases. The role of surgery in the management of these diseases has continued to increase. Surgical training has traditionally been of a high standard, and this has made it possible for surgeons trained in Nigeria to cope with this change in the spectrum of diseases. A low success rate at the diploma examinations and an increasing loss of local talent to foreign countries has increased calls for a modification of the training programs. There is a need to improve the working conditions and environment of surgeons to stem the attrition. Surgery in a poor resource environment demands more, rather than less, skill from the surgeon, and the training programs must ensure that the specialist is adequately equipped to deal with conditions that may not be considered general surgery. While the unavailability of modern technology has limited the scope of research, it is still possible to conduct appropriate, "low-tech," and relevant research that is subject to excellent study design, proper controls, and scientifically valid interpretations.

General Surgery↗
PubMed1999

Case-controlled study of the epidemiological risk factors for breast cancer in Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of breast cancer is increasing worldwide, more rapidly in societies that hitherto enjoyed a low incidence of the disease, such as most African countries. Most of the epidemiological data on breast cancer from Africa have been retrospective studies with propensity for bias. METHODS: This was a case-controlled study of 250 consecutive patients with breast cancer diagnosed between April 1992 and December 1995. An age- and sex-matched control group of patients with non-oncological and non-endocrine diseases was compared. RESULTS: The peak age incidence of breast cancer in the sample studied was 43 years. There was a statistically significant difference in the height and weight of the patients compared with the controls. Patients also tended to be older at first pregnancy and at first lactation, and had a higher mean number of pregnancies. The patients also tended to be of an early birth order, to have lactated less often, to have used contraceptives and to have abused alcohol compared with the controls. CONCLUSION: The incidence of breast cancer in this environment is increasing. This is partly a result of the changing demographic profile, acquisition of 'western' lifestyle, and the changing socioeconomic profile of the country.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Knowledge, attitude, and practices related to hepatitis B virus infection among Nigerian obstetricians and midwives.

Obstetricians and midwives are exposed to the blood, vaginal secretions and amniotic fluid of their patients during vaginal examinations, deliveries, intracavity procedures and resuscitation of the newborn. They are therefore at risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection that is endemic in developing countries. We studied the knowledge, attitude, and practices of obstetricians and midwives in four teaching hospitals in Southwestern Nigeria with respect to HBV infection. A self-administered questionnaire was used to elicit information about their demographic characteristics, knowledge about, and immunisation against HBV and the use of barrier methods. There were 83 respondents with a mean age of 34.9 years, 45 were midwives while 38 were obstetricians. The former had practised for a range of 2-26 years while the latter had practised for 1-16 years. In a test of knowledge about HBV infection, obstetricians had a mean score of 2.4 while midwives scored 1.8 marks out of five. Only 18.1% had received HBV immunisation and 8.4% always screen their patients for HBV antigens; 33.7% always use barrier methods with the commonest reason for non-use being non-availability. The difference in knowledge between obstetricians and midwives was statistically significant. In conclusion, we make recommendations about reducing the risk of occupationally acquired HBV infection in the labour ward.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

A twenty-year review of malignant colorectal neoplasms at University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.

PURPOSE: Colorectal malignancies are less common in developing than developed nations because of lower per capita income and higher dietary fiber consumption. This clinicopathologic study attempts to determine changes in the pattern of these neoplasms in Ibadan, Nigeria, during the last two decades. METHODS: The present study is based on the clinical Cancer Registry records and gross and morphologic surgical pathology findings of 526 patients with histologically verified malignant colorectal neoplasms received in the Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, between 1971 and 1990. RESULTS: Colonic malignancies increased by 81 percent, whereas rectal malignancies decreased 16.1 percent in frequency (P < 0.05). The modal ages were 55 to 60 years and 45 to 50 years for colonic and rectal neoplasms, respectively, in contrast to reported peak occurrence in the seventh decade among Caucasians. Colonic neoplasms were predominantly right-sided (34.3 percent cecal), abdominal mass and pain being major clinical manifestations. This differs from the pattern in American Negroes, among whom colonic carcinomas are predominantly left-sided, dyschezia being an important presentation. As in most other studies, adenocarcinomas were the predominant neoplasms. CONCLUSIONS: Further work is required to determine prognostically significant features of colorectal cancer in our environment.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1996

Experience with 5-fluoro-uracil and levamisole in the management of advanced rectal carcinoma.

Eleven cases of bulky rectal carcinoma occupying the whole of the pelvis are presented. We refer to this advanced rectal carcinoma as "frozen" pelvis. Management of these cases includes performing a divided stoma colostomy, intravenous administration of 5-fluoro-uracil, intraperitoneal instillation of 5-fluoro-uracil when ascites is present, intra-rectal perfusion with 5-fluoro-uracil, administration of levamisole, and radiotherapy. We think this regimen improves, to some extent, the quality of life and probably prolongs survival period, although disturbing tenesmus does not disappear completely. This will buttress the argument that abdomino-perineal resection is justified when possible, even if only as a palliative measure to prevent disturbing tenesmus.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1995

Recurrent intussusception reduced by the patient: a case report.

A case of recurrent acute intussusception associated with a palpable abdominal mass which patient reduces with relief of symptoms is presented. Surgery revealed multiple colonic polyps and a total colectomy with ileorectical anastomosis was done and the patient has remained well after 3 years of follow up.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

Reduction mammoplasty for unilateral breast hypertrophy.

Three cases of unilateral hypertrophy of the female breast are presented and the various methods of their management highlighted. We advocate increased awareness of the condition and improved general surgical training to cope with it.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Parotid lipoma: a report of two cases.

Parotid lipoma is a rare non-epithelial tumour of the salivary gland. In this communication, we present two cases and highlight the physical findings that aid the diagnosis and review the literature.

Adult↗