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Biomedical subjects

C A Binnie

Publications and source records attributed to C A Binnie.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1982

Phonetic disintegration in a five-year-old following sudden hearing loss.

The speech of a five-year-old boy who suffered a profound hearing loss following meningitis was sampled at two-week intervals for nine months. Speech samples were subjected to phonetic transcription, spectrographic analysis, and intelligibility testing. Immediately post-trauma, the child displayed slightly slower, F0 elevated, acoustically intense speech in which phonemic distortion and syllabification of consonants occurred occasionally; single word intelligibility was depressed below normal between 20-30%. By the 18th week, a sudden decline in intelligibility, increasing monotony of pitch, and a pattern of strongly emphatic, prolonged, aspirated, syllabified, and increasingly distorted consonants were manifest. At year's end, the child's speech bore some resemblance to the speech of the deaf in terms of suprasegmentals, intonation, and intelligibility, but differed because the child rarely, if ever deleted speech sounds or diphthongized vowels strongly. It is speculated that phonetic processes such as diphthongization, syllabification, and prolonged duration may be strategies for enhancing feedback during speech.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1979

The effects of age upon the visual perception of speech.

A sample of 110 middle-aged and geriatric subjects (40 to 87 years) with normal hearing and vision was drawn from the general population in order to compare visual performance for consonant-vowel (CV) syllables and sentences. Results of this investigation revealed that, above 70, age was a factor affecting visual perception of syllables. Individuals above age 70 received the poorest speechreading scores and were inconsistent in viseme categorization. Results of a comparison of speechreading scores for sentences and syllables revealed a greater number of differences among sentences. Only individuals between 40 and 60 years of age received statistically similar mean scores when presented with common sentences. Finally, using a linear regression model, it was found that sentence speechreading performance could be accurately predicted from the CV syllable score within a range of accuracy of +/- 9.7%.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Combining auditory and visual stimuli in the adaptive testing of speech discrimination.

This investigation determined the feasibility of using both auditory and visual stimuli in the adaptive testing of speech discrimination. Thirty-six adults with normal hearing and vision were subjects. Using the adaptive methodology known as the Doublet technique, speech-discrimination testing using monosyllabic word lists from the Northwestern University Auditory Test No. 6 (NU-6) (Tillman and Carhart, 1966) was performed at the target levels of 29.3 and 70.7% for both auditory-only and auditory-visual conditions. The results indicated that a specific discrimination score could be obtained under more adverse listening conditions with the addition of visual cues. The contribution of visual cues was constant for the two target scores. The adaptive technique at the 29.3 and 70.7% targets was reliable for both the auditory-only and auditory-visual conditions. Constant level testing showed good agreement with the adaptive technique for the auditory-visual condition. In conclusion, the use of standard error calculations is useful in determining measurement errors and the effects of an aural rehabilitation program.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1977

Attitude changes following speechreading training.

Twelve hearing impaired adults were enrolled in intensive speechreading training classes following formal audiologic evaluation. They were given a video taped test of speechreading skill before and after twelve weeks (18 hours) of training. They were also given a post-treatment experimental questionnaire which asked for their opinions in the general areas of class procedures, communicative ability, feelings about the group and other related topics. The responses on the questionnaire were examined with regard to each individual's opinion, the total group feelings and the results of the speechreading test. It was found that although the speechreading test scores showed no significant pre- and post-treatment differences, the responses on the experimental questionnaire were generally positive. It was felt that this questionnaire may well be a useful tool as part of the evaluation of one's total communicative ability. Moreover, it was felt that the group experiences provided significant insights into hearing impairment and hearing handicap. The participants took on a more assertive approach to their communication difficulty. They tended to accept their handicap, had a greater understanding of the limitations and were able to offer suggestions to others so that they could understand more in various person-to-person social-communication situations.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Visual intelligibility of consonants: a lipreading screening test with implications for aural rehabilitation.

A lipreading screening test consisting of 100 consonant-vowel (CV) syllables was prepared on videotape and presented to subjected with normal hearing and vision. The results of visual consonant confusions revealed nine homophenous categories with high test-retest reliability. Based upon these categories, obtained under ideal viewing conditions, criterion levels of performance were specified in an attempt to determine the need for place of articulation instruction during lipreading training. Examples of confusion patterns from hearing-impaired observers are shown and implications for visual training are presented.

Deafness↗
PubMed1976

Perceptual dimensions underlying vowellipreading performance.

This study was concerned with the extraction, description, and verification of visual perceptual features underlying vowel lipreading performance. Ten viewers with normal hearing rated the visual similarity of pairs of 15 vowels and diphthongs presented in an /h-g/ context by four speakers. Multidimensional scaling techniques were used to extract potential perceptual features which were then labeled by the experimenters. The resulting perceptual dimensions were correlated with physical measurements of lip shape to evaluate the adequacy of the feature labels. The results indicated that the traditional extended-rounded vowel feature and a vertical lip separation feature were the characteristics most prominent in judging ths stimuli. In addition, a feature related to overall area of maximum lip opening and two features unique to diphthong perception were tentatively identified.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The application of an adaptive procedure to the California consonant test for hearing aid evaluation.

The use of California Consonant Test (CCT) in hearing aid evaluations was considered in this study. The CCT was processed through two hearing aids and presented to 14 normal hearing adults according to two procedures. Initially, an adaptive procedure was used to determine the signal-to-noise ratio that would permit 50% intelligibility. Then, a full list of the CCT was presented at this signal-to-noise ratio for validation purposes. Results suggested that hearing aids can be effectively differentiated with considerable time saving when an adaptive procedure is applied to the CCT. Results of the full list presentation demonstrated the adaptive procedure to be sufficiently accurate.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Quantification of the effects of training the auditory-visual reception of connected speech.

The tracking method of auditory-visual speech reception training was used with normal hearing subjects in an attempt to quantify the effectiveness of this procedure, which uses connected discourse. A related purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a contextually based training procedure on the recognition of syllables (visemes), sentences, and connected discourse. Results of this study indicated that all subjects improved in their ability to track connected discourse over a span of several training sessions; however, asymptotic performance was not achieved by any subject. Furthermore, results indicated significant improvement on post-training tests of syllable recognition and intelligibility estimation of connected discourse for the experimental subjects. However, no significant improvement was observed for sentence recognition. Implications for the tracking method as part of an aural rehabilitation program are discussed.

Adult↗