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C A Bush

Publications and source records attributed to C A Bush.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Purification and determination of the structure of capsular polysaccharide of Vibrio vulnificus M06-24.

Virulence of Vibrio vulnificus has been strongly associated with encapsulation and an opaque colony morphology. Capsular polysaccharide was purified from a whole-cell, phosphate-buffered saline-extracted preparation of the opaque, virulent phase of V. vulnificus M06-24 (M06-24/O) by dialysis, centrifugation, enzymatic digestion, and phenol-chloroform extraction. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis of the purified polysaccharide showed that the polymer was composed of a repeating structure with four sugar residues per repeating subunit: three residues of 2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxyhexopyranose in the alpha-gluco configuration (QuiNAc) and an additional residue of 2-acetamido hexouronate in the alpha-galactopyranose configuration (GalNAcA). The complete carbohydrate structure of the polysaccharide was determined by heteronuclear nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography. The 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra were completely assigned, and vicinal coupling relationships were used to establish the stereochemistry of each sugar residue, its anomeric configuration, and the positions of the glycosidic linkages. The complete structure is: [----3) QuipNAc alpha-(1----3)-GalpNAcA alpha-(1----3)-QuipNAc alpha-(1----]n QuipNAc alpha-(1----4)-increases The polysaccharide was produced by a translucent phase variant of M06-24 (M06-24/T) but not by a translucent, acapsular transposon mutant (CVD752). Antibodies to the polysaccharide were demonstrable in serum from rabbits inoculated with M06-24/O.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1991

High-performance anion exchange-chromatography of neutral milk oligosaccharides and oligosaccharide alditols derived from mucin glycoproteins.

High-performance anion-exchange (HPAE) chromatography under alkaline conditions (pH approximately 13) has been used to separate neutral oligosaccharides from human milk as well as oligosaccharide alditols isolated by alkaline borohydride degradation of O-linked glycoproteins having blood group A and H activities. Due to the diminished retention times of the alditols compared to their reducing counterparts, a very low base concentration (approximately 15 mM) was used in the fractionation of oligosaccharide alditols. The method appears to be ineffective in fractionation of monosaccharide alditols. Although the retention times generally increased with increasing oligosaccharide chain length, linkage of Fuc alpha-(1----2) to galactose and by Fuc alpha-(1----3) or Fuc alpha-(1----4) to glcNAc may decrease the retention times of both the alditols and the reducing oligosaccharides. Branching generally increased the retention times for oligosaccharide alditols. The retention times of isomers differing in the position of fucose substitution (LNF-1 vs LNF-2) differed greatly while those of the linkage isomers LNF-2 and LNF-3 were similar but distinct. Pulsed amperometric detection is sensitive at the picomole level both for these underivatized oligosaccharides and alditols. On-line desalting with an ion-exchange membrane has been found to be effective in preparative chromatography of these oligosaccharides for NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Complete structure of the cell surface polysaccharide of Streptococcus oralis C104: a 600-MHz NMR study.

Specific lectin-carbohydrate interactions between certain oral streptococci and actinomyces contribute to the microbial colonization of teeth. The receptor molecules of Streptococcus oralis, 34, ATCC 10557, and Streptococcus mitis J22 for the galactose and N-acetylgalactosamine reactive fimbrial lectins of Actinomyces viscosus and Actinomyces naeslundii are antigenically distinct polysaccharides, each formed by a different phosphodiester-linked oligosaccharide repeating unit. These streptococci all coaggregated strongly with both A. viscosus and A. naesludii strains, whereas S. oralis C104 interacted preferentially with certain strains of the latter species. Receptor polysaccharide was isolated from S. oralis C104 cells and was shown to contain galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine, ribitol, and phosphate with molar ratios of 4:1:1:1. The 1H NMR spectrum of the polysaccharide shows that it contains a repeating structure. The individual sugars in the repeating unit were identified by 1H coupling constants observed in E-COSY and DQF-COSY spectra. NMR methods included complete resonance assignments (1H and 13C) by various homonuclear and heteronuclear correlation experiments that utilize scalar couplings. Sequence and linkage assignments were obtained from the heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation (HMBC) spectrum. This analysis shows that the receptor polysaccharide of S. oralis C104 is a ribitol teichoic acid polymer composed of a linear hexasaccharide repeating unit containing two residues each of galactopyranose and galactofuranose and a residue each of GalNAc and ribitol joined end to end by phosphodiester linkages with the following structure. [----6)Galf(beta 1----3)Galp(beta 1----6)Galf(beta 1----6)GalpNAc(beta 1----3) Galp(alpha 1----1)ribitol(5----PO4-]n

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1991

Complete structure of the cell surface polysaccharide of Streptococcus oralis ATCC 10557: a receptor for lectin-mediated interbacterial adherence.

Lectin-carbohydrate binding is known to play an important role in a number of different cell-cell interactions including those between certain species of oral streptococci and actinomyces that colonize teeth. The cell wall polysaccharides of Streptococcus oralis ATCC 10557, S. oralis 34, and Streptococcus mitis J22, although not identical antigenically, each function as a receptor molecule for the galactose and N-acetylgalactosamine reactive fimbrial lectins of Actinomyces viscosus and Actinomyces naeslundii. Carbohydrate analysis of the receptor polysaccharide isolated from S. oralis ATCC 10557 shows galactose (3 mol), glucose (1 mol), GalNAc (1 mol), and rhamnose (1 mol). 1H NMR spectra of the polysaccharide show that is is partially O-acetylated. Analysis of the 1H NMR spectrum of the de-O-acetylated polysaccharide shows that it is composed of repeating subunits containing six monosaccharides and that the subunits are joined by a phosphodiester linkage. The 1H and 13C NMR spectra were completely assigned by two-dimensional homonuclear correlation methods and by 1H-detected heteronuclear multiple-quantum correlation (1H[13C]HMQC). The linkage of the component monosaccharides in the polymer, deduced from two-dimensional 1H-detected heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation spectra (1H[13C]HMBC), shows that the repeating unit of the de-O-acetylated polymer is a linear hexasaccharide with no branch points. The complete 1H and 13C assignment of the native polysaccharide was carried out by the same techniques augmented by a 13C-coupled hybrid HMQC-COSY method, which is shown to be especially useful for carbohydrates in which strong coupling and overlapping peaks in the 1H spectrum pose difficulties. The fully assigned spectra of the native polymer show that each of two different positions is acetylated in one-third of the repeating subunits and that the acetylation is randomly distributed along the polymer. The exact positions of acetylation were assigned by a carbonyl-selective HMBC method that unambiguously defines the positions of O-acetylation. The complete structure of the native polysaccharide in S. oralis ATCC 10557 is [formula: see text] Comparison of this structure with those previously determined for the polysaccharides of strains 34 and J22 suggests that the similar lectin receptor activities of these molecules may depend on internal galactofuranose linked (beta 1----6)- to Gal(beta 1----3)GalNAc(alpha) or GalNAc(beta 1----3)Gal(alpha).

Acetylation↗
PubMed1991

Chemical reduction of 3-oxo and unsaturated groups in fatty acids of diphosphoryl lipid A from the lipopolysaccharide of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. Comparison of biological properties before and after reduction.

Unlike the diphosphoryl lipid A (DPLA) derived from toxic lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli and Salmonella strains, the DPLA from nontoxic lipopolysaccharide of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides ATCC 17023 is biologically inactive. This could be due to the presence of 3-oxotetradecanoic and delta 7-tetradecenoic acids. These two fatty acids in R. sphaeroides DPLA were catalytically reduced in platinum oxide/H2 to the 3-hydroxy and saturated fatty acids, respectively. The biologically active E. coli DPLA was also treated with platinum oxide/H2, but as expected, the reduction step did not change the structure. These two preparations were then compared with the untreated samples for biological activity in three select in vitro assays. Over a range of 0.01-100 ng/ml, both normal and reduced DPLA from R. sphaeroides were inactive in priming phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated superoxide anion release in human alveolar macrophages. Over a range of 10-10(3) ng/ml, both samples failed to induce tumor necrosis factor in the RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line. The reduced DPLA marginally activated 70Z/3 pre-B cells at concentrations of 0.1-30 micrograms/ml. In every case, both normal and platinum oxide/H2-treated E. coli DPLA were biologically active. These results indicate that the lack of biological activity of R. sphaeroides DPLA is not due to the presence of 3-oxo and unsaturated fatty acids, but rather to one or more of the following: (i) presence of only five fatty acyl groups (compared to six in active lipid A); (ii) presence of 3-hydroxydecanoic acids (rather than 3-hydroxytetradecanoic, in active lipid A); (iii) greater variation in size of the fatty acids.

Catalysis↗
PubMed1991

Molecular dynamics simulation of Lewis blood groups and related oligosaccharides.

Molecular dynamics simulations without explicit inclusion of solvent molecules have been performed to study the motions of Lewisa and Lewisb blood group oligosaccharides, and two blood group A tetrasaccharides having type I and type II core chains. The blood group H trisaccharide has also been studied and compared with the blood group A type II core chain. The potential energy surface developed by Rasmussen and co-workers was used with the molecular mechanics code CHARMM. The lowest energy minima of the component disaccharide fragments were obtained from conformational energy mapping. The lowest energy minima of these disaccharide fragments were used to build the tri- and tetrasaccharides that were further minimized before the actual heating/equilibration and dynamics simulations. The trajectories of the disaccharide fragments, e.g., Fuc alpha- (1----4)GlcNAc, Gal beta-(1----4)GlcNAc, etc., show transitions among various minima. However, the oligosaccharides were found to be dynamically stable and no transitions to other minimum energy conformations were observed in the time series of the glycosidic dihedral angles even during trajectories as long as 300 ps. The stable conformations of the glycosidic linkages in the oligosaccharides are not necessarily the same as the minimum energy conformation of the corresponding isolated disaccharides. The average fluctuations of the glycosidic angles in the oligosaccharides were well within the range of +/- 15 degrees. The results of these trajectory calculations were consistent with the relatively rigid single-conformation models derived for these oligosaccharides from 1H-nmr data.

Carbohydrate Conformation↗
PubMed1990

Complete structure of the polysaccharide from Streptococcus sanguis J22.

The cell wall polysaccharides of certain oral streptococci such as Streptococcus sanguis strains 34 and J22, although immunologically distinct, act as receptors for the fimbrial lectins of Actinomyces viscosus T14V. We report the complete covalent structure of the polysaccharide from S. sanguis J22 which is composed of a heptasaccharide subunit linked by phosphodiester bonds. The repeating subunit, which contains alpha-GalNAc, alpha-rhamnose, beta-rhamnose, beta-glucose, and beta-galactose all in the pyranoside form and beta-galactofuranose, is compared with the previously published structure of the polysaccharide from strain 34. The structure has been determined almost exclusively by high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance methods. The 1H and 13C NMR spectra of the polysaccharides from both strains 34 and J22 have been completely assigned. The stereochemistry of pyranosides was assigned from JH-H values determined from phase-sensitive COSY spectra, and acetamido sugars were assigned by correlation of the resonances of the amide 1H with the sugar ring protons. The 13C spectra were assigned by 1H-detected multiple-quantum correlation (HMQC) spectra, and the assignments were confirmed by 1H-detected multiple-bond correlation (HMBC) spectra. The positions of the glycosidic linkages were assigned by detection of three-bond 1H-13C correlation across the glycosidic linkage in the HMBC spectra. The positions of the phosphodiester linkages were determined by splittings observed in the 13C resonances due to 31P coupling and also by 1H-detected 31P correlation spectroscopy.

Carbohydrate Conformation↗
PubMed1990

Determination of the conformation of Lewis blood group oligosaccharides by simulation of two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser data.

Through control of both the nmr probe temperature and of the solvent viscosity, phase-sensitive two-dimensional 1H nuclear Overhauser data (NOESY) at 300 and 500 MHz are obtained with excellent signal-to-noise ratios for Lewis blood group penta- and hexasaccharides isolated from human milk. Relatively long mixing times are required to produce measurable NOE intensities in these oligosaccharides, which makes a full relaxation matrix analysis necessary. By measurements of selective T1 for a few isolated 1H resonances, it was possible to generate a simulation of the complete NOESY spectrum at arbitrary mixing time for comparison with the experimental data. From an exhaustive search of the conformational space, it was found that only a small range of glycosidic dihedral angles of the nonreducing terminal Lewis blood group determinant fragments of the milk oligosaccharides LNF-2 and LND-1 produce simulated spectra agreeing within experimental error to the data. Conformational energy calculations reveal that each of these conformations is also one of minimum energy. It is concluded that the Lewis(a) and Lewis(b) oligosaccharides adopt relatively compact rigid structures in solution, as shown by the observation of cross peaks between protons in nonadjacent residues. Like the blood group A and H oligosaccharides, there exists only a small dependence of the conformation for Lewis(a) and Lewis(b) oligosaccharides on solvent. The apparent lack of dependence of conformation of these oligosaccharides on DMSO in D2O suggests that modification of solvent viscosity with mixtures of DMSO:D2O may provide a useful general strategy of NOESY studies of oligosaccharides.

Carbohydrate Conformation↗
PubMed1990

Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia and intestinal obstruction due to penetrating trunk wounds.

We have reported two cases of intestinal obstruction due to traumatic diaphragmatic hernia, both resulting from apparently trivial knife wounds. When TDH is due to a penetrating injury, it tends to produce symptoms of intestinal obstruction. A high index of suspicion, a chest x-ray film, and barium studies of the gastrointestinal tract are usually needed to make the diagnosis, though CT scans, ultrasonography, laparoscopy, and radionuclide scanning may also be useful. Surgeons and emergency physicians should be aware of the potential for TDH when there is a history of a penetrating wound of the chest or abdomen.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The complete structure of the capsular polysaccharide from Streptococcus sanguis 34.

A complete structure for the capsular polysaccharide of Streptococcus sanguis 34, which is responsible for coaggregation of this bacterium with Actinomyces viscosus T14V, an important step in the formation of dental plaque, is proposed, based partly on the 1H-n.m.r. spectrum, which was assigned by 2-dimensional COSY, homonuclear Hartmann-Hahn spectroscopy, and nuclear Overhauser effects. A phosphoric diester linkage was identified from the 31P-n.m.r. spectrum, and the linkage was determined from long range 1H-31P correlation spectroscopy. The proposed structure is supported both by methylation analysis before and after dephosphorylation and by g.l.c.-m.s. of the phosphorylated monosaccharides as their trimethylsilyl derivatives, isolated by partial hydrolysis of the polysaccharide. The structure is composed of repeating linear hexasaccharide units joined by a phosphoric diester linkage, i.e., [----PO4(-)----6)-alpha-D-GalpNAc-(1----3)-beta-L-Rhap-(1----4)-be ta -D-Glcp- (1----6)-beta-D-Galf-(1----6)-beta-D-GalpNAc-(1----3)-alpha-D-Galp -(1----]n.

Carbohydrate Conformation↗
PubMed1989

Determination of the absolute configuration of the sugar residues of complex polysaccharides by circular dichroism spectroscopy.

Circular dichroism spectroscopy is used to determine the absolute configuration of the constituent sugar residues of bacterial polysaccharides from two strains of Streptococcus sanguis which are important receptors in bacterial coaggregation in the formation of dental plaque. A high-pressure liquid chromatographic method for carbohydrate analysis of glycoproteins, glycolipids, and polysaccharides has been extended to sugar chirality determination by collection of the eluted HPLC fractions and subsequent measurement of their circular dichroism spectra. The method involves methanolysis of the polysaccharide followed by formation of O-benzoyl derivatives and HPLC on reverse-phase columns. Circular dichroism spectra of the collected derivatives in acetonitrile solution in the region 230 nm show large ellipticity bands resulting from "chiral exciton" interaction among the O-benzoyl chromophores which are sensitive to the orientation of hydroxyl groups in the parent sugars. The sensitivity of the method is in the submicrogram range for the absolute configuration of single sugar residues. The circular dichroism of the intact polysaccharide in aqueous solution shows CD bands from the amide chromophore in the region 180 to 220 nm which are sensitive to the chirality of 2-acetamido sugar residues.

Carbohydrate Conformation↗
PubMed1989

Segmental analysis of the ascending aorta: definition of normality and classification of aortic dilatation.

To better define and classify ascending aortic abnormalities, we adapted the left ventricular dynamic segmental analysis concept to the ascending aorta. Ascending aortic diameters were measured from contrast aortography in 18 normal subjects at the aortic valve (level 1), and 2, 4, and 6 cm above the aortic valve (levels 2, 3, and 4). Diameters greater than two standard deviations (SD) above the mean normal values at any levels were considered abnormal. Aortograms of 102 consecutive patients with abnormal aorta were analyzed. Three patterns of aortic dilatation were identified: I (n = 55), the largest aortic diameter was at level 2 (normal pattern); II (n = 39), the aortic diameters increased from levels 1 to 4; III (n = 8), all aortic diameters were greater than 2 SD above the mean normal values and increased from levels 1 to 4. Segmental analysis of the aorta provides an objective comparative basis for definition and classification of aortic dilatation and aneurysm.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The determination of the structure of blood group oligosaccharides from fully assigned 1H-n.m.r. spectra for solutions in non-aqueous solvents.

The fully assigned 1H-n.m.r. spectra of a blood group A tetrasaccharide and of a blood group H hexasaccharide in dimethyl sulfoxide and in pyridine by use of two-dimensional COSY and homonuclear Hartmann-Hann coherence transfer methods are reported. The 1H-n.m.r. spectra of both of these compounds in deuterium oxide had been previously assigned. Since the relative proton chemical shifts in the three solvents are quite different, resonances which overlap or are strongly coupled for one solvent may be well resolved for another, thus providing an extension of the method of complete proton assignments for determination of the structure of complex oligosaccharides. Although the rotational correlation times (tau c) of these oligosaccharides are similar to the reciprocal of the spectrometer frequency, either negative or positive n.O.e. values were measurable for both oligosaccharides in all three solvents in one-dimensional difference spectroscopy by taking advantage of the dependence of tau c on the solvent viscosity and, thus, on sample temperature. Whereas n.O.e. depend strongly on temperature and solvent viscosity, the ratios of the effects between protons on the same pyranoside ring and those on different rings were observed to be similar, suggesting that the oligosaccharide conformations are not strongly dependent on solvent or temperature.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1988

A polysaccharide from Streptococcus sanguis 34 that inhibits coaggregation of S. sanguis 34 with Actinomyces viscosus T14V.

Coaggregation between Actinomyces viscosus T14V and Streptococcus sanguis 34 depends on interaction of a lectin on A. viscosus T14V with a cell surface carbohydrate on S. sanguis 34. This carbohydrate was isolated, and its chemical makeup was established. The carbohydrate remained attached to S. sanguis 34 cells through extraction with Triton X-100 and treatment with pronase. It was cleaved from the cell residue by autoclaving and purified by differential centrifugation and column chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel and Sephadex G-75. The polysaccharide contained phosphate which was neither inorganic nor monoester. Treatment with NaOH-NaBH4, followed by Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase, or with 48% HF at 4 degrees C, followed by NaBH4, yielded inorganic phosphate and oligosaccharide alditols. Therefore, the polysaccharide is composed of oligosaccharide units joined together by phosphodiester bridges. The structure and stereochemistry of the main oligosaccharide alditol was established previously (F. C. McIntire, C. A. Bush, S.-S. Wu, S.-C. Li, Y.-T. Li, M. McNeil, S. Tjoa, and P. V. Fennessey, Carbohydr. Res. 166:133-143). Permethylation analysis, 1H and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance studies on the whole polysaccharide revealed the position of the phosphodiester linkages. The polysaccharide is mainly a polymer of (6) GalNAc(alpha 1-3)Rha(beta 1-4)Glc(beta 1-6)Galf(beta 1-6)GalNAc(beta 1- 3)Gal(alpha 1)-OPO3. It reacted as a single antigen with antiserum to S. sanguis 34 cells and was a potent inhibitor of coaggregation between A. viscosus T14V and S. sanguis 34. Quantitative inhibition of precipitation assays with oligosaccharides, O-allyl N-acetylgalactosaminides, and simple sugars indicated that specific antibodies were directed to the GalNAc end of the hexasaccharide unit. In contrast, coaggregation was inhibited much more effectively by saccharides containing betaGalNAc. Thus, the specificity of the A. viscosus T14V lectin is strikingly different from that of antibodies directed against the S. sanguis 34 polysaccharide.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1988

Aortic distensibility in post-stenotic aortic dilatation: the effect of co-existing coronary artery disease.

Aortic distensibility is decreased in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and the angiographically normal aorta. To determine if the same is true in patients with aortic stenosis and post-stenotic dilatation, two groups were studied. Group A consisted of 15 patients with post-stenotic aortic dilatation and normal coronary arteries, and group B, 14 patients with post-stenotic aortic dilatation and CAD. The patients were compared to 18 normal subjects. The area of the first 6 cm of the aorta above the valve obtained by aortography was planimetered and the mean diameters were calculated. Distensibility was calculated using the formula: (formula; see text) Distensibility was greater in group A (2.5 +- .4 cm2.dynes-1) compared to group B (1.0 +- 8 cm2.dynes-1, p less than 0.001). Distensibility in normal subjects reported recently from this laboratory (3.4 +- .4 cm2.dynes-1) was greater compared to both groups A and B (p less than 0.001). Thus, distensibility was decreased in patients with post-stenotic aortic dilatation. The further decrease in distensibility in patients with co-existing coronary artery disease may be partially related to abnormal nutrition of the arterial wall since the vasa vasorum of the ascending aorta are derived from the coronary arteries.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Structure of a new hexasaccharide from the coaggregation polysaccharide of Streptococcus sanguis 34.

The major constituent of a coaggregation polysaccharide from Streptococcus sanguis 34 is a hexasaccharide, isolated as the alditol. The proposed structure is alpha-D-GalpNAc-(1----3)-beta-L-Rhap-(1----4)-beta-D-Glcp-(1----6) -beta-D-Galf- (1----6)-beta-D-GalpNAc-(1----3)-D-Galol, based upon g.l.c.-m.s. of alditol acetates and partially methylated alditol acetates, f.a.b.-m.s., 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopy, g.l.c.-m.s. of trimethylsilylated (+)- and (-)-2-butyl glycosides, and cleavage by alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase. The structural deduction was facilitated by cleavage of the hexasaccharide at the furanoside linkage by 48% hydrogen fluoride, and reduction of the product, to yield alpha-D-GalpNAc-(1----3)-beta-L-Rhap-(1----4)-beta-D-Glcp-(1----6) -D-Galol.

Carbohydrate Conformation↗
PubMed1987

Isolation of a novel O-linked, sulfated polysaccharide of high molecular weight from an ovarian cyst glycoprotein having blood group "A" activity.

Treatment of a blood group A-active ovarian cyst mucin glycoprotein with alkaline borohydride under conditions expected to cleave O-glycosidic linkages between carbohydrate and peptide releases a sulfated polysaccharide of average molecular weight 20,000. Its peptide and mannose content is less than 1%, and carbohydrate analysis gives Fuc/GalNAc/Gal/GlcNAc in the ratio of 1:1:2.2:2.2. Galactosaminitol is recovered at the level of one residue per 112-residue average polysaccharide chain. The 13C- and 1H-NMR spectra show that the polysaccharide has side chains whose non-reducing terminals have the blood group A structure on a type 1 chain: (Formula: see text). Methylation analysis confirms the presence of these blood group A type 1 sidechains as well as 4-substituted GlcNAc, 3-substituted galactose and 3,6-substituted galactose branch points. Periodate oxidation removes all the fucose and GalNAc from the non-reducing terminal but leaves intact the backbone composed of beta-linked Gal and GlcNAc, as would be expected for a polylactosamine. Although the native polysaccharide is resistant to endo-beta-galactosidase digestion, the product of periodate degradation is partially digested, giving a 30% yield of a trisaccharide shown by 1H-NMR spectroscopy to be: Gal(beta 1----3)GlcNAc(beta 1----3)Gal We conclude that this is a high molecular weight sulfated polysaccharide which is related to the asparagine-linked polylactosamine chains of cell surface glycoproteins which have been implicated in cell differentiation. However, the blood group A polysaccharide from the ovarian cyst mucin is unique in several respects. It is linked to the protein by an O-glycosidic bond rather than the N-asparagine linkage of the previously known polylactosamines which have a trimannosyl core, and its blood group A side chains are on a type 1 core rather than type 2 which is found on other polylactosamines.

ABO Blood-Group System↗