PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C A Carey

Publications and source records attributed to C A Carey.

3 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Diagnostic application of two-color flow cytometry in 161 cases of hairy cell leukemia.

Recent immunophenotypic studies of hairy cell leukemia (HCL) have suggested specific patterns of immunoreactivity that may aid in diagnosis. We studied peripheral blood (PB) from 161 cases of HCL using two-color direct immunofluorescence flow cytometry and an extended panel of antibody combinations. Circulating hairy cells were identified by immunophenotypic features in 92% of the cases and could be detected even when representing < or = 1% of circulating lymphocytes. The 133 cases with > or = 2% detectable hairy cells were analyzed in detail. HCL showed a uniform and unique B-cell phenotype, with each of the following features identified in 99% to 100% of cases: (1) positive staining for B-ly7, coexpressed with CD19; (2) very intense, uniform expression of CD11c, with CD19; (3) moderately intense staining for CD25, with CD19; (4) very intense staining for CD22; (5) moderate to very intense staining for CD20; and (6) moderately intense monoclonal surface Ig. Phenotypic variability existed in expression of CD10 (26%) and CD5 (4%). Based on these features, HCL was easily distinguished from 50 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Although CLL exhibited frequent expression of CD11c (74%) and CD25 (68%), the intensity of staining was significantly less than HCL. Furthermore, CLL was uniformly positive for CD5 and showed weak staining for CD20, CD22, and surface Ig. B-ly7 proved to be the most specific marker, reacting with 100% of HCL cases, but absent in all cases of CLL. We conclude that two-color flow cytometry with specific antibody combinations is an efficacious method for characterization and sensitive detection of hairy cells in PB. Application of the phenotypic criteria described should help to increase accuracy in diagnosis of HCL.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1979

Contingency contrast effects in discrimination conditioning.

Three experiments observed differential electrodermal responding to signal stimuli (CSs) by contrasting positive, random, and negative contingencies between the signals and strong stimuli (UCSs). Experimentation began as a test of the proposition that electrodermal response to a random signal (or CSR) would lie between the response to a reinforced or excitatory stimulus (CS+) and that to a nonreinforced or inhibitory stimulus (CS- or CSI). A clear intermediate position for CSR did not result. Instead it appeared that CSR was operating as a mildly excitatory signal. This led to a second experiment where response to pairs of stimuli with different contingent relations could be compared in independent samples. The pairs were CS+ and CS-, CS+ and CSR, and CSR and CS-. Differential responding was observed in all pairs and response to CSR was significantly larger in the group receiving CSR with CS- than it was in the group receiving CSR with CS+. A contingency contrast effect was suggested. A third experiment explored the implications of a contingency contrast effect by varying overall UCS density, the duration of "safety intervals," and the presence or absence of instructions about contingencies. The UCS density and instruction variables influenced the differential performance to CSR and CS-, a result that was interpreted as further evidence for a perceptual contingency-contrast effect. Some theoretical implications of such a contrast phenomenon are examined, as they apply to autonomic learning. The CS is interpreted as a signal supplying contingency information that is dependent upon a complex of factors in the stimulation environment.

Association Learning↗