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Biomedical subjects

C A Cummins

Publications and source records attributed to C A Cummins.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Outcome of the modified Broström procedure for chronic lateral ankle instability using suture anchors.

The modified Broström procedure is an anatomic reconstruction of the lateral ankle ligaments. The present study evaluated twenty-two patients (mean age = 27.2 years) with chronic lateral ankle instability who underwent surgical repair of their lateral ankle ligaments using suture anchors as part of the modified Broström procedure. All surgeries were performed by the senior author (AK) on an outpatient basis. At a mean follow-up of 34.5 months (minimum of 18 months), twenty patients (91%) reported a good or excellent functional outcome as assessed by the Karlsson and Peterson ankle function scoring scale. One patient developed a superficial wound infection post-operatively that was eradicated with a course of oral antibiotics. Sixteen of the twenty-two patients were available for follow-up physical examination and stress radiographs. Fourteen of the sixteen patients had no evidence of instability on physical examination or on stress radiographs. One patient had diminished sensation in the superficial peroneal nerve distribution. Five of the sixteen patients had generalized ligamentous laxity; none of these patients had an excellent result, and they had lower "Overall Satisfaction" scores (P=0.013). We conclude that the use of suture anchors is a simple and effective adaptation of the modified Broström procedure, which results in a good or excellent outcome in the majority of patients with few complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Anatomy and histological characteristics of the spinoglenoid ligament.

The spinoglenoid (inferior transverse scapular) ligament, when present, is located at the spinoglenoid notch. The ligament originates on the spine of the scapula and inserts on the superior margin of the glenoid neck. Because of discrepancies in the literature, we sought to determine its prevalence and to define its histological characteristics. We dissected 112 shoulders of seventy-six cadavera and classified the ligament as absent or an insubstantial structure, a thin fibrous band (type I), or a distinct ligament (type II). We found no distinct ligamentous structure in twenty-two shoulders (20 percent), a type-I ligament in sixty-eight shoulders (61 percent), and a type-II ligament in twenty-two shoulders (20 percent). Overall, ninety (80 percent) of the shoulders had a fibrous band of tissue that, together with the spine of the scapula, formed a narrow fibro-osseous tunnel through which the suprascapular nerve traveled. The bone-spinoglenoid ligament-bone complexes from three specimens were analyzed histologically. There were two type-I ligaments and one type-II ligament; all three ligaments were composed of collagen fibers. One type-I ligament and the type-II ligament demonstrated Sharpey fibers at their origin on the spine of the scapula. The other type-I ligament attached to the spine of the scapula through the periosteum. All three ligaments inserted into the periosteum of the glenoid neck.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Multicentric giant cell tumor of bone.

Giant cell tumor of bone accounts for 4% to 5% of primary bone tumors in the United States. Multicentric giant cell tumors occur in < 1% of all patients with giant cell tumors, and only 43 patients with multicentric giant cell tumor have been reported on in the literature. This series presents 3 additional cases of multicentric giant cell tumor, includes updated data for 2 patients previously reported on in the literature, and reviews 24 cases previously reported on in detail in the literature. The mechanism by which giant cell tumor involves multiple locations is not known. Multicentric giant cell tumor, in contrast to unifocal giant cell tumor, has a tendency to involve the hands, feet, and metaphysis/diaphysis of long bones and to occur in a slightly younger population. In 15 of the 29 patients reviewed, a second lesion did not develop for > 2 years after their initial presentation. Eighteen of those 29 patients had > 2 sites of tumor involvement, 1 of whom had 11 lesions. Two of the 5 patients in the authors' series presented with a spectrum of disease activity, with latent, active, and aggressive lesions present throughout the observation period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The effect of cocaine on sperm motility characteristics and bovine cervical mucus penetration.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the in vitro effects of cocaine on sperm motility and bovine mucus penetration because cocaine abuse is associated with decreased sperm motility, and related compounds, such as procaine, are known to decrease sperm motility. DESIGN: Human semen samples were exposed to a range of cocaine concentrations and the effects quantified using computer-assisted sperm analysis and the bovine mucus penetration test. SETTING: University research laboratory. PATIENTS, PARTICIPANTS: Samples were obtained from 18 healthy volunteers. INTERVENTIONS: Normal semen samples were exposed to concentrations of cocaine ranging from 10(-11) to 10(-4) M. Motility characteristics were evaluated after 2 hours, and bovine mucus penetration was evaluated after 30 minutes, 1 hour, and 2 hours. Mucus penetration by washed sperm was also evaluated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Motility characteristics were evaluated using computer-assisted sperm analysis, and functional sperm motility was evaluated using the bovine mucus penetration test. RESULTS: Cocaine exposure decreased the percentage of motile sperm in a concentration-dependent manner with a maximum decrease of 23% at 10(-4) M but had no effect on other motility characteristics. Cocaine decreased bovine mucus penetration by 12% at high cocaine concentrations (10(-4) M), but increased penetration by 69% at low concentrations (10(-9) M). Washing sperm before cocaine exposure attenuated the increased sperm penetration. CONCLUSION: The ability of cocaine to decrease the percentage of motile sperm at high concentrations may explain the decreased sperm motility associated with cocaine use. Cocaine's ability to augment sperm penetration at low concentrations suggests an interaction of cocaine with the sperm adrenergic system.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Suprascapular nerve entrapment at the spinoglenoid notch in a professional baseball pitcher.

Suprascapular nerve injuries at the spinoglenoid notch are uncommon. The true incidence of this lesion is unknown; however, it appears to be more common in athletes who participate in sports involving overhead activities. When a patient is being evaluated for posterior shoulder pain and infraspinatus muscle weakness, electrodiagnostic studies are an essential part of the evaluation. Electromyography will identify an injury to the suprascapular nerve as well as assist in localizing the site of injury. In addition, imaging studies are also indicated to help exclude other diagnoses that can mimic a suprascapular nerve injury. The initial management should consist of cessation of the aggravating activity along with an organized shoulder rehabilitation program. If the patient fails to improve with 6 months to 1 year of nonoperative management, surgical exploration of the suprascapular nerve should be considered. Release of the spinoglenoid ligament with resultant suprascapular nerve decompression may result in relief of pain and a return of normal shoulder function.

Adult↗