Mayer - Rokitansky - Kuster - Hauser syndrome.
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Female↗
Biomedical subjects
C A Gardiner
Publications and source records attributed to C A Gardiner.
High myopia, and mild mental retardation in three brothers.
We describe three of a sibship of four brothers with high myopia and mild mental retardation but clinically normal parents. On review of the literature, there appear to be no reports of high myopia and mild mental retardation. We discuss whether this is a distinct entity.
Adolescent↗
The mutation spectrum in Holt-Oram syndrome.
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Chromosome Mapping↗
Failure of gentamicin when injected through 0.2 micron filter.
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Enterococcus faecalis↗
Reproducibility of histology in leprosy lesions.
The variability of three commonly used histological parameters in leprosy histology was examined within and between lesions on individual patients by taking two biopsies, either from opposing edges of the same lesion or from the edge of two separate lesions. There was little variation in granuloma fraction (GF), bacterial index (BI), or histological classification on the Ridley-Jopling scale between biopsies from opposing edges of the same lesion, but there was considerable variation in the GF between biopsies from the edge of different lesions. A lesser degree of variation was seen in the BI between different lesions, and there was little difference in histological classification between established lesions. Thus, it appears that local factors influence the size of the leprosy granuloma, but its histological composition and bacterial load are determined systemically.
Adult↗
Studies of cell death (apoptosis) and cell division in leprosy granulomas.
We have studied the histological changes across leprosy lesions by taking biopsies from the center and edge of the lesions and from the clinically uninvolved skin outside the lesions. A comparison of the granuloma fraction (GF) between biopsies from the center and edge of lesions and the adjacent unremarkable skin shows that the greatest GF is found at the edge of lesions, except in early tuberculoid (BT) cases when biopsies from the center have the greatest GF. Central healing of leprosy lesions occurs without tissue necrosis or appreciable fibrosis. Apoptosis, a form of individual cell death in living tissues, is known to be the mechanism of cell loss in a variety of situations, and we have found it to occur in leprosy lesions. Apoptotic activity is greatest at the edge of established tuberculoid lesions, but can be found in the center of the lesion in early cases. We, therefore, suggest that apoptosis is the mechanism by which epithelioid cells are lost during central healing in tuberculoid leprosy lesions. In the small number of multibacillary cases studied, apoptosis were found in biopsies from both the center and edge of the lesions. Mitoses can be found in biopsies from both lepromatous and tuberculoid lesions. However, the degree of mitotic activity does not appear to be related to the position of the biopsy within the lesion, and immigration of monocytes into the granulomas may be of greater importance than cell division in maintaining the numbers of epithelioid cells or macrophages present.
Cell Division↗