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Biomedical subjects

C A Kirkbride

Publications and source records attributed to C A Kirkbride.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Examination of bovine and ovine fetuses.

Diagnosis of the causes of bovine and ovine abortion is difficult and frustrating and requires a systematic and thorough approach. Laboratory assistance is required in all cases. Herd and individual histories occasionally help, as does knowledge of the gestational age and autolytic condition of the fetus when aborted. Tissues from mummified fetuses should be cultured and examined by fluorescent antibody techniques for viruses. The placental tissue from mummified fetuses should be examined for fungi and lesions. Lung, liver, kidney, spleen, abomasal content, body cavity fluid or serum, and fetal placenta from all but completely mummified fetuses should be submitted to a diagnostic laboratory.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1986

Abortion in sheep caused by a nonclassified, anaerobic, flagellated bacterium.

Twenty-eight pregnant ewes were inoculated IV with approximately 6 X 10(8) nonclassified, anaerobic, flagellated bacteria (NAFB) that had been isolated from an aborted lamb. Abortion occurred in 3 of the ewes and 1 ewe gave birth to a weak lamb. The remaining 24 ewes and 3 other ewes inoculated orally with NAFB did not develop clinical signs of illness. Suppuration and vasculitis were seen in the placentas of the 3 aborted lambs, 1 of which had necropurulent hepatitis indistinguishable from that usually attributed to Campylobacter fetus infection. The NAFB was isolated from fetal placenta, abomasal content, or internal organs of 2 aborted lambs and the weak lamb. A morphologically similar organism was seen in the abomasal content of the other aborted lamb, but the organism did not grow on bacteriologic culture medium. Therefore, in susceptible pregnant ewes, NAFB can cause fetal placentitis and hepatitis and subsequent birth of weak lambs or abortion.

Abortion, Septic↗
PubMed1985

Ovine abortion associated with an anaerobic bacterium.

An anaerobic, slightly curved, tapered, corrugated, rod-shaped bacterium with O to greater than 12 flagella at each pole was isolated from 2 aborted lambs with focal hepatic necrosis. The organism stained faintly Gram-negative, but stained better by the Giemsa method. It was pleomorphic in culture, ranging from filaments containing granules to faintly staining spheroids.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1984

Epizootics of ovine abortion due to Toxoplasma gondii in north central United States.

Toxoplasma-induced abortions were diagnosed in 14 flocks of sheep, 4 in Minnesota, 2 in Iowa, and 8 in South Dakota, during the 1982-1983 lambing season. Toxoplasma gondii was seen in histologic sections from 6 placentas and from brains of 2 lambs. Toxoplasma antibody was found by dye test and agglutination test in thoracic fluid of 15 fetal lambs. Lesions typical of toxoplasmosis were seen in fetal placentas from 26 ewes.

Abortion, Septic↗
PubMed1983

Brucella ovis-induced abortion in ewes.

Aborted fetuses and placental tissue from ewes in 2 flocks were submitted for diagnostic examinations. Brucella ovis was isolated from fetal lung or abomasal contents, or both. Placentitis was a consistent gross lesion. Microscopic lesions included suppurative pneumonia and placentitis.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1982

Response of cows consuming adequate selenium to vitamin E and selenium supplementation prepartum.

A 2-yr study of 195 parturitions was to evaluate the prepartum need for supplemental vitamin E and selenium by cows consuming diets that contained ample amounts of selenium (.1 to 2.0 ppm selenium). One-half of the cows were injected with 68 IU vitamin E and 5 mg selenium per 45.4 kg body weight approximately 21 days prepartum. Incidences of retained placenta and calving difficulty were similar for treated and control cows. There was a lower incidence of retained placenta (7.5%) for cows that calved during fall, whereas incidence was greater than 20% in cows that calved during the rest of the year. Serum vitamin E and selenium concentrations in treated cows doubled within a day after injection, then declined to concentrations typical of untreated cows within 8 and 3 days postinjection, respectively. Serum carotene, vitamin A, and vitamin E concentrations were similar for treated and control cows and were elevated in cows that calved during the summer and fall, possibly because cows dry during the grazing season were pastured. However, discriminant analysis of 21-day prepartum serum data indicated that serum concentrations of carotene, vitamins A or E, or selenium would not predict accurately the retention of the placenta. Colostrum and 4-day milk from treated and control cows contained similar amounts of vitamin E and selenium.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Porcine abortions associated with Fungi, Actinomycetes, and Rhodococcus sp.

History, lesions, and results of microbiologic examinations are given for four porcine abortions associated with fungi and one each associated with Actinomadura madurae, an aerobic actinomycete, and Rhodococcus sp. The fungi were Gliomastix sp., Petriellidium boydii, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Exophiala jeanselmei. Parvovirus, isolated from one fetus, was the only other infectious agent identified. The presence of fungi, Actinomadura madurae, and Rhodococcus sp. in fetal and placental lesions indicates that they are a primary cause of sporadic abortion in pigs.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1980

Excretion of Mycobacaterium avium from lesions in the intestine and tonsils of infected swine.

Five 8-week-old pigs were given an oral dose of approximately 10(8) viable units of Mycobacterium avium and confined in such a way as to prevent ingestion of fecal material. At necropsy 70 to 79 days later, there were granulomatous lesions, some containing acid-fast organisms, in the tonsils, aggregated lymphatic follicles (Peyer's patches) of the jejunum and ileum, mucosa of the caudal portion of the ileum, ileocecal valve, and cecum. The organism was isolated from tonsils, intestine, and swabs from the surface of some of these tissues. Mycobacterium avium that apparently orignated from lesions in the pigs was first detected in the feces 20 to 23 days after the animals were inoculated. The number of organisms excreted began to decrease at 55 days, and none was isolated from feces at 69 days. It was concluded that lesions in the intestine and possibly the tonsils were the sources of the organisms in the feces. The role of tonsil and intestine lesions of swine as sources of perpetual herd infections is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Mycobacterium avium abortion in a sow.

A 2-year-old sow aborted her entire near-term litter of 11. Gross and histologic examination of a fetus suggested a tuberculous infection, and a yellow-pigmented Mycobacterium avium serotype 1 was subsequently isolated from the fetal tissue. Efforts to rebreed the sow were unsuccessful. She was anergic to skin tests with purified protein derivative of M. avium on two occasions but had M. avium specific in vitro lymphocyte immunostimulation. Gross granulomatous lesions were found in the liver, kidneys, and endometrium when the sow was necropsied 5 months after the abortion. Histologic examination showed diffuse and focal non-encapsulated granulomas in lymph nodes, tonsils, kidney, liver, spleen, lung, and uterine and vaginal walls. There were a few encapsulated calcified foci in the endometrium. The centers of some granulomas in the tonsils, liver, kidneys, and some lymph nodes were caseated. The yellow-pigmented M. avium was isolated from the reproductive organs and from 11 of 12 other tissues cultured.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1978

Infectious agents associated with fetal and early neonatal death and abortion in swine.

Laboratory examination of specimens from 824 porcine abortions over a 6-year period produced 320 (38.8%) diagnoses. Viruses were involved in 22% and bacteria in 16.5% of all cases. Enterovirus was the virus isolated most often (10.9%), followed by parvovirus (4.9%), reovirus (4.4%), pseudorabies virus (1%), and adenovirus (0.8%). Leptospirosis was the bacterial infection most commonly diagnosed (9.8%), with numerous miscellaneous bacterial and fungal infections making up the remainder (7.0%) of the infectious causes.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1976

Pneumonia associated with Torulopsis glabrata in an aborted bovine fetus.

The second case of bovine abortion caused by Torulopsis glabrata observed in examining more than 5000 fetuses is reported. The yeast was cultured from fetal abomasal content and fetal lung; attempts to isolate viruses and bacteria were unsuccessful. The yeast was seen in association with diffuse fetal pneumonia characterized by presence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages within bronchioles, alveolar lumina and alveolar septa. Macrophages containing many yeast cells were observed within bronchioles.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1975

Bovine fetal cerebral absidiomycosis.

Only 1 case of fetal cerebral mycosis was found in 4015 aborted bovine fetuses. Absidia corymbifera was associated with vasculitis, thrombosis, abscessation and cavitation of the brain. Antibodies against A. corymbifera and other fungal antigens were not detected in fetal serum by immunodiffusion techniques. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) in excess of the normal was detected in the fetal serum by radial-immunodiffusion assay.

Animals↗