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Biomedical subjects

C A Osborne

Publications and source records attributed to C A Osborne.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Medical management of feline urethral obstruction.

A step-by-step priority of procedures is recommended when attempting to restore urethral patency in an obstructed male cat. In order of priority they are: (1) massage of the distal urethra, (2) attempts to induce voiding by gentle palpation of the urinary bladder, (3) cystocentesis, (4) retrograde urethral flushing, (5) combinations of 1 through 4, (6) diagnostic radiology to determine if the cause of urethral obstruction is intraluminal, mural or extramural, and if absolutely necessary, (7) surgical procedures.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Management of postrenal azotemia.

Postrenal azotemia is a potentially life-threatening consequence of urinary obstruction Its most serious consequences include fluid volume deficits, hyperkalemia, and metabolic acidosis. Immediate therapy should be directed at restoring urine flow, correcting extracellular fluid volume deficits, minimizing the cardiac toxicity of hyperkalemia, and ameliorating the cardiovascular effects of metabolic acidosis. Most patients respond quickly and completely to such therapeutic intervention.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1996

Feline perineal urethrostomy: a potential cause of feline lower urinary tract disease.

Perineal urethrostomies are associated with complications that may mimic primary causes of feline lower urinary tract disorders. Though postoperative urethral strictures may be minimized by proficiency with an effective surgical technique, removal of the distal urethra may result in bacterial urinary tract infections in 25% to 30% of patients after surgery. Urinary tract infections caused by urease-producing microbes may induce struvite urolith formation. Thus the prophylactic benefits of minimizing recurrent urethral obstruction by urethrostomy must be weighed against a long-term predisposition to recurrent bacterial urinary tract infection and urolith formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Medical management of iatrogenic rents in the wall of the feline urinary bladder.

Surgical closure may not be necessary to successfully manage all patients with ruptured urinary bladders. If the margins of the walls of tears in the bladder wall are not devitalized, and if they remain in close apposition via maintenance of the bladder lumen in a nondistended state for an appropriate period, these conditions may simulate those created by use of surgical sutures. This is not advocating an all-or-none choice. Because the clinical status of patients with ruptured urinary bladders can range from that characterized by only hematuria and dysuria to life-threatening postrenal uremia, a range of surgical and medical options should be considered.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Management of nonobstructive idiopathic feline lower urinary tract disease.

Consistently effective treatment and prevention of nonobstructive idiopathic lower urinary tract disease (LUTD) in male and female cats remains an enigma. Because clinical signs associated with this form are frequently self-limiting, considerable debate exists about the efficacy of various symptomatic therapies advocated for management of idiopathic feline LUTD. Any form of therapy might appear to be beneficial, as long as it was not harmful. The self-limiting nature of some forms of idiopathic feline LUTD underscores the need for controlled prospective double-blind clinical studies to prove the value of various forms of therapy.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1996

Diagnosis, medical treatment, and prognosis of feline urolithiasis.

Radiographic or ultrasonographic evaluation of the urinary tract is required to consistently detect feline uroliths. Evaluation of clinical, laboratory, and radiographic findings facilitate "guesstimation" of the mineral composition of uroliths. Therapy should not be initiated before appropriate samples have been collected for diagnosis. The objectives of medical management of uroliths are to arrest further growth and to promote urolith dissolution by correcting or controlling underlying abnormalities. For therapy to be effective, it must induce undersaturation of urine with calculogenic crystalloids by (1) increasing the solubility of crystalloids in urine, (2) increasing the volume of urine in which crystalloids are dissolved or suspended, and (3) reducing the quantity of calculogenic crystalloids in urine.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Management of urocystoliths by voiding urohydropropulsion.

Voiding urohydropropulsion is a nonsurgical method of removing uroliths from the urinary bladder. Any urocystolith of sufficient size to pass through the distended urethral lumen can be safely and effectively removed by this new technique. Compared to cystotomy, voiding urohydropropulsion offers several advantages: urolith removal can be performed in minutes, anesthetic period is shorter, postprocedural dysuria and hematuria are less severe, and it provides greater success for complete removal of small urocystoliths. This technique is not suitable for removal of large urocystoliths or uroliths that become lodged in the urethral lumen.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Management of feline lower urinary tract disease by homeopathy.

Homeopathy is a system of therapeutics based on a philosophy of treating various disease symptoms with minute quantities of natural drugs capable of producing comparable symptoms if given in large doses to healthy patients. Suitable studies have not been performed to substantiate the claim that they have any beneficial effect in cats with lower urinary tract disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

What role does dietary protein restriction play in the management of chronic renal failure in dogs?

Dietary protein restriction has been the mainstay of conservative medical management of canine renal failure for many years. Although dietary protein restriction minimizes many signs of uremia, its potential benefits to the progression of renal failure are now being questioned. Two case scenarios of different degrees of renal failure are described; guidelines for dietary protein restriction are based on currently available scientific knowledge.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Diet therapy guidelines for cats with chronic renal failure.

Dietary modification is an important component of conservative medical management of renal failure in cats. Dietary factors have been implicated or hypothesized to promote clinical signs of uremia and progressive renal injury. This article presents guidelines for selecting and formulating diets for cats with chronic renal failure.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1996

Diagnosis and long-term management of protein-losing glomerulonephropathy. A 5-year case-based approach.

Protein-losing glomerulonephropathy can be a challenging disease for veterinarians to manage. This case-based article illustrates long-term management of protein-losing glomerulonephritis in a dog. Prolonged survival of this patient was attributed to early diagnosis and carefully planned therapeutic intervention consisting of dietary protein reduction and modulation of blood pressure with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Hypercalcemia and renal failure. Etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment.

Hypercalcemia is a frequent disorder of calcium metabolism in dogs and cats. Hypercalcemia-induced alterations in renal function and morphology are linked to many of the clinical manifestations observed in hypercalcemic patients. Since many renal effects induced by hypercalcemia are potentially reversible, early recognition and characterization of the problem facilitates rapid therapeutic intervention.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Percutaneous needle biopsy of the kidney. Indications, applications, technique, and complications.

During the past three decades, percutaneous renal biopsy has evolved as a valuable method of clinical evaluation of patients with various forms of glomerular proteinuria and primary renal failure. The advent of automated core biopsy needles and ultrasound guidance has substantially improved the safety of needle biopsy techniques and almost eliminated the need for surgical wedge biopsy.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Feline lower urinary tract disorders. Definition of terms and concepts.

Lower urinary tract disorders of male and female cats may be caused by a variety of fundamentally different causes. The term Feline urologic syndrome should be abandoned and substituted with descriptive etiopathogenic terms whenever possible. If the underlying cause cannot be identified, the term Idiopathic lower urinary tract disease is recommended.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Viral infections of the feline urinary tract.

The exact cause of hematuria, dysuria, and urethral obstruction remains unknown in a large percentage of naturally occurring cases of feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD). One attractive hypothesis implicates viruses as the cause of some idiopathic forms of FLUTD; supporting this hypothesis is the fact that a gamma herpesvirus, a calicivirus, and a retrovirus have been isolated from urine and tissues obtained from cats with this type of disease. Although the clinical course and laboratory findings of cats with idiopathic FLUTD are suggestive of an infectious cause, the question of whether viruses have a pathologic role in some forms of naturally acquired FLUTDs has not been completely answered.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Cystocentesis. Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations.

The diagnostic and therapeutic value of cystocentesis has been recognized for over 80 years. In feline patients with nonobtrusive lower urinary tract diseases (LUTD), normal patients, or patients with nonurinary disorders, diagnostic cystocentesis circumvents many of the potential problems associated with collection of urine specimens by normal micturition, manual compression of the urinary bladder, or catheterization. In patients with obstructive LUTDs, therapeutic cystocentesis temporarily halts the adverse effects of obstructive uropathy and may provide additional time to remove or bypass the obstructive lesion. In our experience, cystocentesis has been associated with few significant side effects; however, it may induce mild transient microscopic hematuria which may be indistinguishable from pathologic hematuria associated with many naturally occurring feline LUTDs.

Animals↗