PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C A Rodowskas

Publications and source records attributed to C A Rodowskas.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1982

Pharmacy Education in the twenty-first century.

Forecasted social and economic changes are reviewed in light of their potential impact on pharmacy practice and education. A similar approach is taken to speculation on drug technology with the prediction of major advances in the understanding of drug action at the molecular level and, with it, a closing of the gap between molecular and clinical knowledge. The components of the health care and educational systems are envisioned as linked through communications technology, creating an on-going information flow that develops and continues the competencies of the providers while optimizing conditions for patient care.

Area Health Education Centers↗
PubMed1976

Communicating drug information to physicians.

In this paper the authors present a review of the multitudinous studies of researchers who have attempted to identify the sources of drug information utilized by physicians. Consideration is given to both professional sources (for example, journal articles, colleagues, meetings, and pharmacists) and commercial sources (for example, detailmen, journal advertisements, mail advertisements, and samples). Also included is a discussion of the relationship between physicians' sources of drug information and their choice of drugs and of the relationship between the sources of information and the severity of the conditions being treated. The paper concludes with a brief review of some of the new sources of drug information being considered for utilization by the Food and Drug Administration.

Communication↗
PubMed1975

A comparison of maintenance and nonmaintenance outpatient prescription directions, durations of coverage, and costs per day.

The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a study on maintenance and nonmaintenance drugs written for outpatients not covered by prescription insurance. The average cost to the patient for a day's supply of drugs, as well as the average dosage, frequency of administration, and length of duration for maintenance and nonmaintenance drugs were examined. The objective of the study was to present the economics and prescribing patterns for the two groups of drugs in order to provide data on the costs involved and the prescribing patterns of physicians. The results of comparing the various components of maintenance and nonmaintenance drugs revealed that significant differences exist in the dosage direction, frequency of administration, units prescribed per day, lengths of duration, costs per day, prescription prices, and quantities prescribed and dispensed. Maintenance drug prescriptions tend to have lower dosage directions, costs per day, and frequencies of administration and higher quantities prescribed and dispensed, prescription prices, and lengths of duration. Two variables, frequency of administration and quantity prescribed, were found to have the greatest influence on the cost per day and length of duration for maintenance drug prescriptions. It is the conclusion of this study that further examination into the factors which influence the physician when he specifies the frequency of administration and quantity to prescribe on maintenance drug prescriptions be conducted.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1975

Verbal communications of community pharmacists.

Community pharmacists, by virtue of their location, are thought to be among the most accessible health care workers in the delivery system. To estimate the importance of this assertion it is necessary to understand the communication habits of pharmacists, especially their interactions with patients. Since verbal communication is the most frequent form of patient interaction, this study attempts to specify the type and amount of all pharmacist communication with emphasis on the pharmacist-patient process. Using a modified work sampling technique, communication data were collected on community pharmacists practicing in chain pharmacies. Data are presented in the context of a causal model. The strongest pathway in the model is found to be the inverse relationship of prescription department staffing to the percentage of time pharmacists devote to communication with patients. Prescription volume is seen to have a moderately positive effect on the level of communication. However, further analysis reveals staffing to be the limiting factor. The findings suggest that changes in the environment of the community pharmacists studied would do much to increase pharmacist-patient contact. An educational effort also is indicated to assure that patients receive quality communication.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed1975

An examination of the effect of market demographic and competitive characteristics on gross margins of prescription drugs.

This study was carried out to determine the influence of selected demographic and competitive market factors on community pharmacy operations. Data were collected from a panel of pharmacies located in large mid-western city. A sample of 300 prescriptions was obtained from each of the panel pharmacies. From the prescriptions, the gross margins and the addresses of the patrons were determined. A profile of the demographic and competitive factors was determined. Eight research hypotheses were tested. The variables were subjected to regression analysis with per cent markup and dollar markup-on-retail being the dependent variables in each case. The simple regression analysis did reflect a significant relationship between select competitive variables and per cent markup. The stepwise regressions indicated a significant relationship between all demographic and competitive market factors and per cent markup. No significant relationships were found in the simple regression treatment of a dollar markup and the market variables. The stepwise regression routine yielded a nonsignificant relationship between dollar markup and all market variables except income and education. It can be concluded that pricing in this market is reflective of both demographic and competitive market factors of the trading area.

Age Factors↗