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Biomedical subjects

C A Sanderson

Publications and source records attributed to C A Sanderson.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Role of relationship context in influencing college students' responsiveness to HIV prevention videos.

This research examined the effectiveness of different HIV prevention videos for students as a function of whether they were in a dating relationship. Two hundred two college students completed pretest measures and were randomly assigned to watch one of three 42-min videos (communication skills, technical skills, combined skills). Posttest and 3-month follow-up data indicated that receiving the technical skills video was associated with greater self-efficacy for condom use across several different dimensions. However, students who received the combined skills video and were not currently in a dating relationship had the greatest proportion of protected acts of intercourse. These findings suggest that video-based interventions can be an effective way of decreasing risky sexual behavior, and that HIV prevention messages that focus on both technical and communication skills are the most successful in leading to behavioral change.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1997

The relationship of sexual abuse and HIV risk behaviors among heterosexual adult female STD patients.

Some effects of sexual abuse, for example, heightened sexual activity, are also risk factors for infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Moreover, Social Cognitive theory suggests that the reduced self-esteem and increased sexual arousal that can result from abuse might alter self-efficacy for performing a behavior and expected outcomes of the behavior, making adoption of preventive behavior more difficult. Studies in the general population, adolescents, and male clients of sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics, have found associations between childhood sexual abuse and HIV risk behaviors. This study was designed to measure: (a) whatever the association persists among female STD clinic clients; and (b) whether sexual abuse is associated with self-efficacy for condom use or condom use outcome expectations. Among the 83 female STD clinic clients studied, those sexually abused before age 18 had more sexual partners (p < .05), more positive hedonic outcome expectations for condom use (p < .01), and fewer positive partner-related outcome expectations for condom use (p < .05) than those never forced to have sex against their will. In summary, HIV risk behavior among female STD clients varies with childhood sexual abuse and Social Cognitive Theory suggests future directions for prevention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Measurement of condom use self-efficacy and outcome expectancies in a geographically diverse group of STD patients.

The aim of this project was to conduct an initial evaluation among sexually transmitted disease (STD) patients of the psychometric properties of two instruments: the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) multisite condom use self-efficacy scale and the NIMH multisite condom use outcome expectancy scale. The condom use self-efficacy scale was designed to measure one's degree of confidence in various aspects of condom use, whereas the outcome expectancy scale was designed to measure one's belief about the consequences of using condoms. Using a sample of 641 patients from five geographically diverse STD clinics in the eastern United States, initial reliability coefficients were computed. The alpha coefficient for the self-efficacy scale was .91 and for the outcome expectancy scale .88, indicating high internal consistency for both scales. Both scales were analyzed using common factor analytic procedures. Five factors emerged from the analysis of the self-efficacy scale and six factors from the analysis of the outcome expectancy scale. Reliability coefficients for the individual factors ranged from .76 to .86. Construct validity of each scale was assessed by hypothesis testing. As predicted, participants with higher levels of self-efficacy and more positive outcome expectancies were more likely to use condoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Social dating goals in late adolescence: implications for safer sexual activity.

This research examined 2 age-typical goals that adolescents may pursue in social dating (intimacy goals related to open communication and mutual dependence and identity goals related to self-reliance and self-exploration) and the implications of these different goal sets for responsiveness to educational and daily life situations. Education about safer sexual activity that emphasized interpersonal communication skills was more effective in increasing intentions regarding safer sex for adolescents with predominant intimacy goals in dating, whereas education that focused on technical skills was more effective for those with predominant identity goals. Adolescents were also less likely to engage in risky sexual behavior when they were in dating situations that encouraged goal-relevant activities for ensuring safer sex. Discussion focuses on the dynamics within the broader bidirectional fit between personal goals and situational affordances.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Histological analysis of a central tarsal implant in a racing greyhound.

The hock of a greyhound containing a titanium alloy central tarsal replacement was examined histologically. The animal had raced competitively 43 times before retirement. The examination showed that the adaptation and encapsulation of the implant by the surrounding bones, together with the excellent purchase of the screw into the fourth tarsal bone, had maintained the implant in excellent position during vigorous load-bearing. There was no histopathological evidence to suggest that the fixation of the implant was failing. The results provide evidence for the value of titanium alloy implants as a central tarsal replacement in greyhounds with type V fractures, and as a feasible alternative to euthanasia.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid causes behavioral effects in chickens at environmentally relevant doses.

Administration of the herbicide 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid to incubating chicken eggs alters behavior after hatching. Single doses, with no morphological effects, retard learning (lowest dose, 7 milligrams per kilogram of body weight) and increase general activity (27 milligrams per kilogram) and jumping (13 milligrams per kilogram). Day 15 of incubation is the most susceptible stage of development.

2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid↗